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Despite the growing popularityof farmers' markets (FMs) across the UnitedStates, the experiences and perspectives offarmers who sell at markets have received verylittle research attention. This study describesthe views of 18 farmers from Upstate New Yorkon the importance of FMs as part of theirlifestyle and livelihood, the challenges theyface selling at markets, and their conceptionsof ideal FMs. Through in-depth, semi-structuredinterviews, farmers expressed economic andsocial motivations for selling at FMs; socialbenefits from interacting with customers; andthe challenges they faced as small-scalefarmers and sellers, including extra-marketcompetition, uncooperative and problematicmarket vendors, rising farm input costs, andchanging consumer trends. Farmers alsodiscussed personal values associated withselling at FMs, such as pride in raising andmarketing one's own products, working togetherwith other farmer-vendors, and providingcustomers with honest information. Visions ofideal FMs were varied among farmers, but therewas general agreement that FMs should provide adiversity of products to attract customers andeducational opportunities for the public tolearn more about FMs and local produce. Theinterdependence of FM farmers was a majoremergent theme across interviews. Findingssuggested that market experiences of FMfarmers, including economic success, are notonly contingent on personal effort, but canalso be affected by the work of fellow vendors.Future research may look to further explore howFM farmers and other vendors interact ascooperative and competitive social and economicunits. At the community level, FM leadershipshould continue to focus on the experiences andperspectives of farmers and other marketvendors, in addition to identifying ways forenhancing cooperative FM enterprises. 相似文献
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Theodore E. Howard 《Agriculture and Human Values》1999,16(4):421-430
Modern and historical Japanese societies are and were quite comfortable with a nature defined, designed, and dominated by humans. While contemporary Japanese are concerned about the environment, especially about non-timber (green) forest resources, conservation organizations are generally small and locally focused. Public forests, accounting for 40 percent of all Japan's forests, are intensively managed. At the national level, the timber program is operating below cost and there is increasing emphasis on non-timber management and rural economic development. A professional elite largely determines forest management goals and cultural barriers minimize broad public participation. Increasingly aware of the environmental impacts of their industrial society at home and abroad, the Japanese are becoming more environmentally concerned. Government agencies are especially proactive in enhancing environmental understanding among Japanese citizens and in sharing their resource management expertise with other Pacific Rim nations. 相似文献
3.
番茄锌营养临界值的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在盆钵条件下,试验布置在褐土菜园土和草甸土菜园土上。试验表明:施锌量与土壤有效锌含量和植株体内含量呈线性关系。根据这些数量关系计算出育苗阶段两种土壤有效锌缺锌临界值分别为5.32、9.80ppm,致害临界值分别为10.61、28.09ppm,生长在两种土壤上番茄幼苗锌缺锌临界值分别为55.73、65.98ppm,致害临界值分别为81.05、124.11ppm,开花阶段两种土壤有效锌缺锌临界值分别为11.32、13.89ppm,致害临界值分别为16.35、31.95ppm,生长在两种土壤上的番茄植株体内锌缺锌临界值分别为59.71ppm和81.43ppm,致害临界值分别为82.53ppm和124.11ppm。 相似文献
4.
生态系统服务价值在土地利用规划中的应用 总被引：22，自引：1，他引：22
生态系统服务价值在理论、评价尺度、核算方法等方面的研究取得了很大的进展,但其结果的应用方面研究较少,以河北省易县为例,将生态系统服务价值应用到土地利用规划的生态效益定量研究中,这对维持生态平衡,采取合理的土地利用方式,建立可持续的土地利用模式具有指导意义。依据易县1997年、2001年和2010年的3期土地利用规划数据,估算了土地利用规划所引起的易县及其28个乡镇的生态系统服务价值的变化。结果表明,易县的生态系统服务价值从1997年的16.87×108元增加到2010年的20.06×108元,增加值为3.20×108元,总生态系统服务价值每年增长率为1.46%。土地利用变化的生态价值呈上升趋势,表明该区的土地利用规划基本是合理的,土地利用规划在取得经济效益的同时,又提高了土地利用的生态效益;但此规划还存在一些不足,如未利用土地面积占的比例较大,应对此规划进行修改,提高土地利用的生态效益。 相似文献
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苯磺隆除草剂对农田土壤动物影响的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过苯磺隆除草剂的模拟实验,研究了除草剂对土壤动物的影响。本实验共获得土壤动物1031个,隶属3门、5纲、9目。其中弹尾目和甲螨亚目为优势类群,其余为常见类群。本实验结果表明,随着苯磺隆除草剂处理浓度的提高,土壤动物种类和数量呈递减趋势。弹尾目和甲螨亚目可作为农药污染的重要指示生物。 相似文献
6.
The important role of values is very evident when it comes to citizens' concept of sustainability. The present paper had the objective to define sustainability as a socio-cultural concept for livestock production systems. The main research question was: how do Dutch citizens value various aspects of dairy production systems? We conducted farm visits with citizens panels in The Netherlands. We asked citizens about their on-farm perception (smelling, hearing, seeing and feeling) and what they perceived valuable to preserve for the future. We presented sustainability as a socio-cultural concept which included citizens' valuable aspects (SCA) and concerns (SCI). We defined a socio-cultural aspect (SCA) as an aspect of a livestock production system which is mentioned by society as being valuable to preserve for the future. We identified an SCA as a socio-cultural issue (SCI) when it evokes societal concern in present time or is expected to do so in the future. By qualitative analysis we identified SCAs and SCIs of dairy production systems and combined these into socio-cultural themes (SCT). We found ten socio-cultural themes which contained 42 socio-cultural aspects (SCA), of which 27 were identified as socio-cultural issues (SCI). We can conclude that that livestock production systems have more values for society than solely food production, because only one of the ten identified socio-cultural themes directly concerned food production (SCT 1), whereas the nine other themes concerned values that go beyond food production: farming activities (SCT 2), farm income (SCT 3), animals (SCT 4), landscape (SCT 5), nature (SCT 6), environment (SCT 7), farming culture (SCT 8), national culture (SCT 9) and services for society (SCT 10). One of the main values of agriculture seems the combination of apparently contradicting aspects such as technology and nature within one system. In conclusion, sustainability as a socio-cultural concept for livestock production systems is defined by a wide range of socio-cultural aspects and issues, reflecting citizens' values and concerns of that system and for a sustainable agriculture it is important that both SCIs and SCAs are taken into account. 相似文献
7.
David L. Pelletier Vivica Kraak Christine McCullum Ulla Unsitalo Robert Rich 《Agriculture and Human Values》1999,16(4):401-419
Community food security (CFS) is an incipient movement based on the re-localization of many food system activities in response to values concerning the social, health, economic, and environmental consequences of the globalizing food system. This study examines the salience of these values based on the action agendas and accomplishments emerging from community planning events in six rural counties of New York, and the nature and type of participation and local support. The study finds a high level of agreement between CFS values as articulated by national leaders in this incipient movement and the action agendas. Further evidence of the salience of these themes is seen in the levels and types of activities and accomplishments taking place 8--12 months after the planning events. However, these follow-through activities appear to have been impeded by a variety of government regulations, uneven levels of support from community organizations and agencies, and a policy environment of fiscal austerity, narrow outcome-oriented accountability, and allocation of agency staff toward special-purpose grants and contracts. Many of these constraints are likely to exist in other communities and are beyond the scope of what community volunteers and practitioners can be expected to address on their own. 相似文献
8.
Urban greenspaces provide critical ecosystem services to urban area residents. While urban greenspaces provide a range of ecosystem services, cultural ecosystem services may be the most prominent to residents. Cultural ecosystem services provide benefits through educational, recreational, social, and spiritual opportunities. More knowledge is required about greenspace users’ perspectives of their local greenspaces, which will enrich park planners’ knowledge of the preferences, concerns, and potential points of conflict that greenspace users experience. To help increase this knowledge, we conducted a survey with closed and open-ended questions and supported it with a park audit and photographic evidence. As a case study, data were collected in six ravine parks in the City of Toronto, Canada. Ravine parks were of particular interest as they are a unique form of socio-ecological greenspace that have varied management goals which on occasion may differ from some user preferences and values. Quantitative data were analyzed with analysis of variance and chi-square tests of independence, and qualitative data were analyzed with conventional qualitative content analysis. Our results highlight that current ravine park users vary widely in their characteristics and the values they pursue through their park access. While the range of ravine park types accommodates some of this variability, there is also conflict between ravine park users with different values and expectations. We are offering a series of recommendations addressing these findings and hope that insights from this deep and rich case study will be of use to other forested, urban greenspaces under similar conditions. 相似文献
9.
试论中国重要农业文化遗产的可持续发展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
自2002年,联合国粮农组织(FAO)发布了“全球重要农业文化遗产”(GIAHS)项目,中国学者们一直在探索适合中国农业文化遗产的保护与发展之路。回顾中国知网全文数据库上2006—2019年学者们发表的学术论文,对具有代表性的刊物上发表的相关文献进行整理归纳,结合部分实地考察的案例,阐述了中国重要农业文化遗产可持续发展的经济价值、生态价值和社会价值,分析了可持续发展过程中面临的传统生产模式退变、生态系统退化、文化传承意识薄弱、申报资料欠妥等问题,最后提出了可持续发展的策略,包括创新生产模式、激发文化创意内涵、完善相关文件等。中国重要农业文化遗产的保护固然重要,但探索其可持续发展之路,才是让其一直生存下去的根本,而这条道路不仅需要各位学者的学术研究,更需要政府和实践家的资金、时间和实践的投入,需要各行各业的共同努力。 相似文献
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