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AIM: To explore whether morphine protects oxidative stress-damaged myocardial cells by inhibiting the PERK pathway to reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress and prevent mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. METHODS: Rat myocardial H9c2 cells were cultured to establish an oxidative stress model, and then randomly divided into control group, H2O2 group, H2O2+morphine group, H2O2+morphine+PERK pathway inhibitor GSK2656157 group, morphine group and GSK2656157 group. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the effects of morphine on expression of glucose-regulated protein (GRP) 78 and GRP94 induced by oxidative stress. The protein levels of PERK signaling pathway-related molecules were determined by Western blot. Confocal microscopy was used to observe the effects of morphine on mPTP opening and endoplasmic reticulum induced by oxidative stress. Cellular toxicity was detected by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) kit and cell viability was measured by MTT assay. RESULTS: Compared with control group, GRP78 and GRP94 proteins in H2O2 group were strongly expressed, and the brown-yellow particles were significantly increased, but morphine significantly inhibited this process. Compared with control group, the phosphorylation of PERK was significantly reduced with GSK2656157 treatment at different concentrations, among which 2 μmol/L had the most significant effect (P < 0.05). Oxidative stress significantly increased the protein levels of GRP78, GRP94, p-PERK and CHOP, but significantly decreased p-GSK-3β level. These changes were inhibited by morphine, and the effects of morphine were further enhanced by GSK2656157 (P < 0.05). Compared with control group, oxidative stress significantly reduced the fluorescence intensity of mitochondrial TMRE and ER-Tracker Red. Morphine significantly inhibited this effect even when mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced, mPTP was open, and endoplasmic reticulum was damaged, while GSK2656157 further enhanced the effect of morphine (P < 0.05). Compared with control group, H2O2 significantly increased cellular toxicity and decreased the cell viability. Morphine inhibited this effect and GSK2656157 significantly enhanced the effect of morphine (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Morphine protects cardiac H9c2 cells under oxidative condition by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress through PERK pathway and preventing the mPTP opening via GSK-3β inactivation. 相似文献
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根据鸡的蛋白激酶R样内质网激酶(PERK)基因序列进行抗原肽分析,选择含大片段抗原表位区约1 500 bp的一段基因(15~1 515 bp)设计一对特异性引物后进行RT-PCR扩增,并构建pET-32a(+)-PERK重组质粒,将其转化至BL21(DE3)感受态细胞中.优化诱导表达条件,纯化重组蛋白后免疫兔并制备多克隆抗体.PCR鉴定、酶切鉴定和测序结果表明,pET-32a(+)-PERK重组质粒构建成功.SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定结果表明,重组蛋白在1.0 mmol·L-1IPTG、25℃下诱导9 h时的表达量最大.蛋白纯化结果表明,100 mmol·L-1咪唑洗脱液可较好地洗脱重组蛋白,获得较多的纯化蛋白.免疫结束后,抗体效价检测结果表明,制备的多克隆抗体效价达1∶32 000,可以与重组蛋白特异结合. 相似文献
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AIM: To construct short hairpin RNA (shRNA) eukaryotic expression vectors targeting the gene of RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase ( PERK ), and to observe the effect of PERK gene knockdown on apoptosis of human normal hepatic L02 cells treated with thapsigargin. METHODS: Three shRNA expression vectors targeting PERK gene, named PERK1-shRNA, PERK2-shRNA and PERK3-shRNA, and one non-homologous negative control expression vector (HK-shRNA) were constructed based on the nucleotide sequence of PERK and the criteria of designing small interfering RNA (siRNA), and were identified by enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing analysis. After L02 hepatocytes were transfected with the plasmids, the PERK expression was determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting, and the plasmid with the best inhibitory effect on PERK expression was screened. The cell viability and apoptotic rate of L02 hepatocytes transfected with PERK-shRNA under endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) were measured by the methods of MTT and flow cytometry,respectively. RESULTS: Four shRNA expression vectors were constructed. The mRNA and protein expression levels of PERK gene decreased significantly in L02 hepatocytes transfected with PERK1-shRNA, PERK2-shRNA and PERK3-shRNA as compared with those in control cells (P<0.05). The interfering effect of PERK1-shRNA on PERK gene expression was the best. PERK knockdown by PERK1-shRNA increased the viability and inhibited the apoptosis of L02 cells under ERS.CONCLUSION: The shRNA expression vectors targeting PERK gene are constructed, and PERK gene knockdown may inhibit apoptosis in L02 hepatocytes under ERS. 相似文献
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AIM: To investigate whether cigarette smoke (CS) promotes the expression of endoplasmic reticulum-associated apoptosis protein CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in rat lung tissues.METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats (n=40) were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 rats in each group:control group, CS-2 group (exposed to CS for 2 months), CS-4 group (exposed to CS for 4 months) and ex-smoking (Ex-S) group (exposed to CS for 4 months and then quit smoking for 1 month). The percentage of forced expiratory volume in 0.3 second to forced vital capacity (FEV0.3/FVC) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured. TUNEL assay was used to detect the apoptotic cells. In situ hybridization and RT-PCR were used to determine the mRNA expression of CHOP. The methods of immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to determine the protein expression of CHOP. Western blot was also used to determine the protein levels of protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), p-PERK, eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 2α and p-eIF2α.RESULTS: The pulmonary function greatly decreased in the rats exposed to CS for 2 months in comparison with control group (P<0.05), markedly decreased in the rats exposed to CS for 4 months as compared with the rats after exposure to CS for 2 months (P<0.05), and was improved little in ex-smoking rats (P>0.05). The structural destruction of the lung was observed in the rats exposed to CS for 2 months, and more obvious changes were found in the rats exposed to CS for 4 months. However, the structural destruction of the lung remained obvious in ex-smoking rats. The apoptotic cells were markedly increased in the rats exposed to CS for 2 months and were even more in the rats exposed to CS for 4 months. The apoptotic cells were alveolar epithelial cell I (ACE I), ACE Ⅱ, vascular endothelial cells and bronchial epithelial cells. The protein levels of p-PERK, p-eIF2α and CHOP were remarkably increased in the rats after exposure to CS for 2 months compared with the control rats (P<0.05), significantly elevated in the rats exposed to CS for 4 months compared with the rats exposed to CS for 2 months (P<0.05), and slightly decreased in ex-smoking rats in comparison with the rats after exposure to CS for 4 months (P>0.05). The total protein levels of PERK and eIF2α did not change between the control rats and those exposed to CS.CONCLUSION: CS promotes the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by inducing the expression of endoplasmic reticulum-associated apoptosis protein CHOP via PERK/eIF2α/CHOP signaling pathway. 相似文献
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旨在探讨牛分枝杆菌减毒株卡介苗(Bacillus Calmette-Guérin,BCG)感染人单核巨噬细胞THP-1细胞后PERK/ATF4/CHOP通路对NLRP3炎性小体的调控作用。在BCG单独感染或与PERK小干扰RNA共处理THP-1细胞后,采用qRT-PCR和Western blot方法检测NLRP3炎性小体相关分子和PERK/ATF4/CHOP通路标志性分子在mRNA、蛋白水平的表达;在BCG单独感染或与PERK抑制剂GSK2656157共处理THP-1细胞后,分别采用qRT-PCR和Western blot方法检测NLRP3炎性小体相关分子和PERK/ATF4/CHOP通路标志性分子在mRNA、蛋白水平的表达,采用ELISA方法检测白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)和白细胞介素-18(interleukin-18,IL-18)的释放量,采用CCK-8方法检测THP-1细胞活率,采用免疫荧光检测NLRP3与ASC的共定位。结果表明：在BCG单独感染THP-1细胞不同时间后,PERK、NLRP3、ASC和Caspase-1在蛋白水平的表达均随感染时间延长而升高,且在24 h达到最高(P<0.001),IL-1β和IL-18的释放随时间递增,24 h达到最高(P<0.001)。在BCG单独感染或与PERK小干扰RNA共处理THP-1细胞24 h后,与未感染对照组相比,siNC+BCG感染组NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、PERK、ATF4、CHOP分子的mRNA和蛋白表达均显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.001)上调,而siPERK+BCG感染组与siNC+BCG感染组相比,NLRP3等关键分子的mRNA和蛋白表达均显著(P<0.05)或极显著下调(P<0.01,P<0.001);在BCG单独感染或与GSK2656157共同作用THP-1细胞24 h后,与未感染对照组相比,BCG感染组NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、PERK、ATF4、CHOP分子的mRNA和蛋白表达均显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)上调,IL-1β和IL-18的释放极显著增加(P<0.001),细胞活率极显著下调(P<0.001),而BCG+GSK2656157感染组与BCG单独感染组相比,上述分子的mRNA和蛋白表达均显著(P<0.05)或极显著下调(P<0.01),IL-1β和IL-18的释放显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)减少,细胞活率显著上调(P<0.05),免疫荧光的结果显示NLRP3与ASC存在共定位,且GSK2656157可以极显著抑制BCG感染引起的NLRP3和ASC的表达上调(P<0.001)。以上研究结果表明,PERK/ATF4/CHOP通路对BCG感染巨噬细胞后NLRP3炎性小体的活化具有调控作用。 相似文献
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旨在研究PERK在脂多糖(LPS)诱导的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞自噬中的作用。首先,试验设对照组(CON)和LPS组(LPS,4μg·mL-1),研究LPS对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞内质网应激和自噬的影响;随后用不同浓度的PERK抑制剂GSK2606414(GSK)预处理细胞,通过测定PERK、ATF4、eIF-2α和CHOP的mRNA表达,筛选出GSK的最佳抑制浓度;最后将奶牛乳腺上皮细胞分为对照组(CON)、LPS组(LPS)、GSK+LPS组(GLPS)和GSK组4组,研究抑制PERK对LPS诱导的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞自噬的影响。采用RT-qPCR和Western blot分析内质网应激、自噬相关基因和蛋白的表达,通过免疫荧光检测GRP78和p62的荧光强度。结果表明：1)与对照组相比,LPS组的PERK、IRE1α、ATF6、GRP78和CHOP的mRNA和蛋白表达均显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)升高。LPS还可以显著升高LC3、ATG5、ATG14和Beclin1的mRNA和蛋白表达(P<0.01),并且显著降低p62的mRNA和蛋白表达(P... 相似文献
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