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Robert A. Sanders DVM MS Henry W. Green III DVM Daniel F. Hogan DVM Kim Sederquist RVT 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2011,13(3):227-230
A 14.5-kg, 13-year-old female spayed Cocker spaniel was evaluated because of episodic hind limb weakness. Results of examination were consistent with sick sinus syndrome with intermittent second-degree atrioventricular block. Transesophageal atrial pacing was successful in providing chronotropic support during permanent pacemaker implantation. Transesophageal atrial pacing appears to be a viable option for temporary atrial pacing in dogs with hemodynamically marked bradycardia without significant atrioventricular blockade. 相似文献
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Schober KE Stern JA DaCunha DN Pedraza-Toscano AM Shemanski D Hamlin RL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2008,22(3):578-585
BACKGROUND: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a common clinical syndrome characterized by elevated filling pressure. HYPOTHESIS: Doppler echocardiographic (DE) variables of left ventricular (LV) filling can predict a decline of LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) induced by acute preload reduction in dogs with compensated CHF. ANIMALS: Five male hound dogs. METHODS: Dogs previously instrumented with a transvenous cardiac pacemaker and a LV pressure gauge were paced at 160-180 bpm to induce mild CHF characterized by LVEDP > 20 mmHg. LVEDP and 9 DE variables of LV filling derived from diastolic time intervals, transmitral and pulmonary venous flow, and tissue Doppler imaging were measured simultaneously at baseline and 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes after furosemide (4 mg/kg, IV) or placebo (0.9% saline, IV). Repeated measures analysis of variance and correlation analysis were used to determine the association between the decline of LVEDP after furosemide and DE measures of LV filling pressure (LVFP). RESULTS: Furosemide but not placebo decreased LVEDP (P < .001). The ratio of early transmitral flow velocity to LV isovolumic relaxation time (E : IVRT) predicted LVEDP best (R(2)= .50; P < .001). Correlations were also found between LVEDP and IVRT, E, ratio between E and late diastolic transmitral flow velocity (E : A), and early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus (Ea). The ratio of E to Ea (E : Ea) was not useful in the prediction of LVEDP in this model. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: E : IVRT can be used to predict LVFP in dogs with mild left-sided CHF induced by rapid pacing. 相似文献
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Pacemakers are commonly implanted by veterinary cardiologists in dogs with bradyarrhythmias. In the past, these pacemakers were placed with little attention to programming except for the basic heart rate. However, the availability of pacing programmers has permitted a better appreciation of the needs for proper and safe pacing in dogs. An awareness of the problems that can result from improper programming is imperative. We report the identification of noise reversion (inappropriate asynchronous pacing) in 42% of dogs consecutively paced (n = 19) at Cornell University during a 2 year period. Noise reversion is the operation that causes the pacemaker to switch to asynchronous pacing with repetitive refractory sensing. It was developed as a protective mechanism against noise being mistaken for cardiac events with the consequence of inhibition of pacing. However, in the dog, this operation can cause inappropriate, and potentially dangerous pacing. In the dog, this common complication is associated with the coexistence of a bradycardia and tachycardia. Proper programming of the refractory period (shortening) in conjunction with the sensitivity (decreasing the sensitivity) can eliminate noise reversion in dogs with both ventricular and atrial pacing. 相似文献
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Antiarrhythmic and Electrophysiologic Effects of Flecainide on Acutely Induced Atrial Fibrillation in Healthy Horses 
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下载免费PDF全文 M.M. Haugaard S. Pehrson H. Carstensen M. Flethøj E.Z. Hesselkilde K.F. Præstegaard J.G. Diness M. Grunnet T. Jespersen R. Buhl 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):339-347
Background
Only few pharmacologic compounds have been validated for treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) in horses. Studies investigating the utility and safety of flecainide to treat AF in horses have produced conflicting results, and the antiarrhythmic mechanisms of flecainide are not fully understood.Objectives
To study the potential of flecainide to terminate acutely induced AF of short duration (≥15 minutes), to examine flecainide‐induced changes in AF duration and AF vulnerability, and to investigate the in vivo effects of flecainide on right atrial effective refractory period, AF cycle length, and ventricular depolarization and repolarization.Animals
Nine Standardbred horses. Eight received flecainide, 3 were used as time‐matched controls, 2 of which also received flecainide.Methods
Prospective study. The antiarrhythmic and electrophysiologic effects of flecainide were based on 5 parameters: ability to terminate acute pacing‐induced AF (≥15 minutes), and drug‐induced changes in atrial effective refractory period, AF duration, AF vulnerability, and ventricular depolarization and repolarization times. Parameters were assessed at baseline and after flecainide by programmed electrical stimulation methods.Results
Flecainide terminated all acutely induced AF episodes (n = 7); (AF duration, 21 ± 5 minutes) and significantly decreased the AF duration, but neither altered atrial effective refractory period nor AF vulnerability significantly. Ventricular repolarization time was prolonged between 8 and 20 minutes after initiation of flecainide infusion, but no ventricular arrhythmias were detected.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Flecainide had clear antiarrhythmic properties in terminating acute pacing‐induced AF, but showed no protective properties against immediate reinduction of AF. Flecainide caused temporary prolongation in the ventricular repolarization, which may be a proarrhythmic effect. 相似文献
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