Aggregate-related changes in network patterns of nematodes and ammonia oxidizers in an acidic soil     

《Soil biology & biochemistry》2015

Nitrification plays a central role in global nitrogen cycle, which is affected by biological interaction between soil microfauna and microorganisms. However, the complexity of soil biotic communities made it difficult to reveal organizational principles of the community and the interactions among species. Here, we used the network analysis to decipher the interactions between nematodes and ammonia oxidizers within aggregate fractions under 10-year manure application, and examine their associations with soil variables and potential nitrification activity (PNA). Three aggregate fractions included large macroaggregates (>2000 μm, LA), small macroaggregates (250–2000 μm, SA), and inter-aggregate soil and space (<250 μm, IA). Aggregate factions showed a remarkable effect on association networks of nematodes and ammonia oxidizers. The average connectivity (avgK) and the number of edges in overall networks increased with increasing aggregate sizes, while the average geodesic distance (GD) followed the opposite trend. The LA network could be viewed as a better organized or a better operational soil food web with more functional interrelated members than the SA and IA networks. The modules related to PNA were significantly correlated and clustered together as meta-modules in networks of aggregate fractions. The role-shifts prevailed among the network members such as significant module memberships (MMs) and generalist/specialist operational taxonomic units (OTUs). A half of shared nodes were further identified as shared MMs, dominated by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) especially for Nitrosospira cluster 3a and 10. Soil pH could explain partly the shift of module hubs in different networks, while grazing by bacterivores might account for three exclusively connecters related to Nitrososphaera clusters 1.1. The strongly coupled modules correlated positively to pH and total carbon (TC), regardless of aggregate fractions. The network analysis approach provided new insights into potential importance of network interactions between nematodes and ammonia oxidizers in soil nitrogen cycling.  相似文献   

Nutraceuticals: An Alternative Strategy for the Use of Antimicrobials     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2019,35(3):507-534

  相似文献   

基于MaxEnt模型的可可潜在适宜分布研究     

秦晓威  郝朝运  李付鹏  谭乐和  宋应辉  赖剑雄 《热带作物学报》2016,37(5):1022-1029

根据野外采样和文献查阅,系统整理了可可的地理分布记录,并利用MaxEnt生态位模型和ArcGIS软件对可可的潜在适宜分布范围进行预测。结果表明:北美洲南部、中南美洲北部、非洲西部、亚洲东南部以及太平洋美拉尼西亚群岛地区均是可可的潜在适宜分布区域。其中,中国海南、台湾南部、云南西双版纳、广东雷州半岛也属于可可的适生范围。经ROC(Receiver operating characteristic)曲线分析法验证,MaxEnt模型的AUC(Area under curve)值为0.977,表明预测结果具有较高的可信度。各环境变量重要性的Jacknife检验表明,极端最低温度、年降雨量、年温度变化范围、最暖季降雨量对可可的潜在分布影响最大。  相似文献   

In Vitro Assessment of the Equine Hoof Wall Strains in Flat Weight Bearing and After Heel Elevation     

Maria Clia Ramos Bellenzani PhD  Associate Professor  Júlia Maria D'andrea Greve PhD  Professor-Physiatrics  Csar Augusto Martins Pereira 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2007,27(11):475-480

Horseshoeing is a common practice, but effects on the hoof wall are poorly understood. Strain gauges were used to document and compare hoof behavior in vitro during flat weight bearing and after artificial heel elevation. Ten front limbs of Thoroughbred race horses, shod with conventional flat shoes, were used. Eight strain gauges were symmetrically distributed around the toe, quarters, and heels. Each limb was mounted to a testing machine (Kratos K5002; Kratos Dynamômetros, Ltda., Cotia-SP-Brazil) and subjected to a load equivalent to 30% of the donor's body weight. Strains (μ) were acquired by means of a computerized system and the results compared using Friedman and Wilcoxon statistical tests. There was greater strain variation when the heels were elevated. Compression predominated during flat weight bearing, with a tendency to horizontal traction after heel elevation. The changes in strain caused by heel elevation were not always symmetrical. Elevation of the heels tensed the toe and the medial quarter horizontally, increased load at the posterior portion of the hoof capsule, and hindered its expansion.  相似文献   

Response of ammonia oxidizing microbes to the stresses of arsenic and copper in two acidic alfisols     

《Applied soil ecology》2014

Soil pollution by elevated heavy metals exhibits adverse effects on soil microorganisms. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria and ammonia oxidizing archaea perform ammonia oxidative processes in acidic soils. However, influence of heavy metal stress on soil ammonia oxidizers distribution and diversity is inadequately addressed. This study investigated the responses of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and archaea to heavy metals, Cu and As during short-term laboratory experiment. Two different acidic alfisols named as Rayka and Hangzhou spiked with different concentrations of As, Cu and As + Cu were incubated for 10 weeks. Significant reduction in copy numbers of archaeal-16S rRNA, bacterial-16S rRNA and functional amoA genes was observed along elevated heavy metal concentrations. Ammonia oxidizing archaea was found to be more abundant than ammonia oxidizing bacteria in all the heavy metal treatments. The potential nitrification rate significantly decreased with increasing As and Cu concentrations in the two soils examined. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis revealed no apparent community shift for ammonia oxidizing archaea even at higher concentrations of As and Cu. Phylogenetic analysis of archaeal amoA gene from 4 clone libraries indicated that all the archaeal amoA sequences were placed within 3 distinct clusters from soil and sediment group 1.1b of Thaumarchaeota. Our results could be useful for the better understanding of the ecological effects of heavy metals on the abundance and diversity of soil ammonia oxidizers.  相似文献   

利辛县高效节水灌溉发展潜力及效益分析     

曹成 《安徽农业科学》2013,41(5):2175-2178

通过对利辛县水资源、作物种植结构、灌溉型式及组成等进行分析,初步探讨该县发展高效节水灌溉的潜力及效益,从而为该县今后节水灌溉发展提供参考。  相似文献   

论新疆农业节水潜力与措施     

黄敬峰  冯秀藻 《干旱区资源与环境》1992,6(1):85-94

本文依据新疆水资源的实际情况,论述了在新疆农业生产中节约用水的必要性与可能性,并提出了农业节约用水的具体措施与方法。  相似文献   

全球气候变化对我国干旱区影响分析     

赵名茶 《干旱区资源与环境》1993,(Z1)

<正> 全球变暖问题已经是全世界关注的焦点,不仅各国科学家们进行了大量的研究,各国政府也耗费巨资组成了政府间专家组(IPCC,Intergovernmental panel on ClimateChange研究气候变化的影响。IPCC包括3个工作组,Ⅰ.科学分析工作组(Working  相似文献   

气候变化下子午沙鼠在中国的潜在分布分析     

甘瑞勋  唐庄生  花蕊  余涛  郝媛媛  楚彬  花立民 《草地学报》2022,30(12):3372-3380

为探究气候变化下子午沙鼠在中国的潜在分布和时空变化,本研究利用子午沙鼠分布数据以及气候、地形等环境数据,基于最大熵模型(The maximum entropy,MaxEnt)和地理信息系统(Geographic information System,GIS)技术,分析大空间尺度上限制子午沙鼠地理分布的主导环境因子。结果表明：当前气候下子午沙鼠高适生区主要分布在甘肃河西走廊、内蒙古西南部、宁夏北部,以及新疆塔里木盆地和天山山脉之间、伊犁州和塔城等地区,中适生区主要分布在甘肃酒泉的北部,内蒙古西北部,青海中部以及新疆的大部分地区;温度是限制子午沙鼠分布的主导气候因子,其次是海拔,降水量也有一定影响。随着全球气候变暖,子午沙鼠生境适宜度提高,在中国的潜在分布范围将扩大。本研究对子午沙鼠危害监测预警和精准防控具有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

鸡腿菇菌丝生长条件研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王桂芹  张玉磊 《中国林副特产》2007,(2):11-12

研究了影响鸡腿菇菌丝生长的主要因素,比较了不同碳源、不同氮源,不同温度和不同pH的等条件下菌丝生长的情况。结果表明:鸡腿菇菌丝生长最适碳源是淀粉和乳糖;最适氮源是蛋白胨和牛肉膏;最适温度是27℃;最适pH值是6.0。  相似文献