不同固定条件对几种植物样品超微结构的影响     

李叶  黄华平  邓睿  张新春  崔艳梅  卢雪莲  林培群 《热带作物学报》2016,37(11):2100-2105

为比较几种固定条件对不同植物材料样品电镜超微结构图像清晰度的影响。以3个不同科属4种植物[油棕(Elaeis gineansis Jacq.)、拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana.)、花生(Arachis hypogaea Linn.)、柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensias Sw.)]为研究主体代表,探讨了2.5%戊二醛与4%戊二醛固定过夜、锇酸固定2 h及过夜的制备方法对其叶片超微结构的影响,并成功观察了柱花草接种胶苞炭疽野生型菌株CH008后的病菌侵入过程。结果表明:油棕、拟南芥、花生及柱花草叶片经4%戊二醛与1%锇酸固定液固定过夜,其组织成像的效果均较为理想,各种细胞器整体信息丰富、结构组织完好、线条清晰。表明,此制备方法能够较好的保存植物叶片和细胞组织,提高制样的成功率及观察分辨率。  相似文献   

空间变异在土壤性质长期定位观测及取样中的应用   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14  

姜勇  庄秋丽  梁文举  施春健  欧伟 《土壤通报》2005,36(4):531-535

通过对中国科学院沈阳生态实验站30m×42m样地进行网格法分层取样,采用经典统计学与地统计学相结合的方法,以土壤pH和有机碳(TOC)为例,探讨了空间变异在土壤性质定位试验及取样中的应用。结果表明,49对样本的pH和TOC变异系数均小于10%,变量在0~10cm和10~20cm两个层次的基本统计数值基本接近,最佳理论模型的参数显示各变量空间变异主要受结构性因素的影响,且以135°方向的变异为主;相对误差为10%时采集6个和10个土样可分别达到95%和99%的置信水平,结合空间分布格局可以确定更为精确的取样方案;综合分析表明待选样地可以作为土壤性质长期定位观测试验用地。  相似文献   

以湖南和湖北大豆[Glycine max（L.）Merr.]为例分析影响遗传多样性评价的因素     

关媛  鄂文弟  王丽侠  关荣霞  刘章雄  常汝镇  曲延英  邱丽娟 《作物学报》2007,33(3):461-468

以不同来源大豆种质为材料进行基因组SSR分析，探讨大豆遗传多样性研究方法，旨在为科学评价大豆种质资源提供参考。当取样比例相同时，湖北大豆的遗传丰富度显著高于湖南大豆，但两省大豆遗传多样性指数之间没有显著差异。当取样量相同时，利用随机取样法比较，湖南大豆的遗传多样性显著高于湖北，而利用聚类取样比较，两省大豆的遗传多样性没有显著差异。在遗传多样性指数相同情况下，湖北大豆的遗传丰富度显著高于湖南大豆。取样数与三个遗传多样性评价参数（等位变异数、Shannon指数、He）之间均达到显著和极显著相关。以湖南大豆为例，估算出在大豆SSR遗传多样性分析中，至少需要50~60个样本，即占总体9.0%~10.8%的取样比例，才能代表总体的遗传变异。提出在评价大豆遗传多样性时，应用大豆样本数对其遗传多样性指数计算公式进行修正，建议将Shannon指数计算公式改为H＝－lnN ∑P_i lnP_i (N为样本数)。根据修正公式分析，结果表明，湖北大豆的遗传多样性高于湖南大豆。  相似文献   

畜禽场粪便污染饮用水的测定简报     

王顺喜  陆京平  郑志安 《农业工程学报》1993,(Z1)

分析了畜禽粪便的环境污染,并对北京西郊部分畜禽饲养场饮用水污染情况进行抽样化验分析,报告了畜禽饮用水被粪便污染情况及其污染渠道和原因。提出采取行政科学管理方法和工程技术手段来解决粪便污水污染饮用水问题。  相似文献   

Bayesian methods for estimating pathogen prevalence within groups of animals from faecal-pat sampling     

Clough HE  Clancy D  O'Neill PD  French NP 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2003,58(3-4):145-169

Pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter spp. have been implicated in outbreaks of food poisoning in the UK and elsewhere. Domestic animals and wildlife are important reservoirs for both of these agents, and cross-contamination from faeces is believed to be responsible for many human outbreaks. Appropriate parameterisation of quantitative microbial-risk models requires representative data at all levels of the food chain. Our focus in this paper is on the early stages of the food chain-specifically, sampling issues which arise at the farm level. We estimated animal–pathogen prevalence from faecal-pat samples using a Bayesian method which reflected the uncertainties inherent in the animal-level prevalence estimates. (Note that prevalence here refers to the percentage of animals shedding the bacteria of interest). The method offers more flexibility than traditional, classical approaches: it allows the incorporation of prior belief, and permits the computation of a variety of distributional and numerical summaries, analogues of which often are not available through a classical framework. The Bayesian technique is illustrated with a number of examples reflecting the effects of a diversity of assumptions about the underlying processes. The technique appears to be both robust and flexible, and is useful when defecation rates in infected and uninfected groups are unequal, where population size is uncertain, and also where the microbiological-test sensitivity is imperfect. We also investigated the determination of the sample size necessary for determining animal-level prevalence from pat samples to within a pre-specified degree of accuracy.  相似文献   

Wood Moisture Content Measurement by X-Ray Exposure Method     

尚德库 《林业研究》1997,8(1):54-58

lNTRoDUCTIONTheon-sitcnon-dcstructit'cmcasurcl11cntofu.oodmoisbocontcntattTactsgrcatintcrcsts.Itpla3'simpor-tantpartsinthescicntificrcscarchsucl1asonthchcatandmasstransportproccssesint"ooddri'ing.thcim-pregnationofliquidinxt'ood.thcmoisturccontcntdistri-b…  相似文献   

动物活体样品采集技术     

毛家红 《商界．城乡致富》2014,(5):47-48

动物活体样品采集是动物疫病检测、诊断的一项基础性工作,对于快速、及时地诊断和处理动物疫病有着十分重要的意义。该文简单叙述了活体动物的鼻腔、食道分泌物及粪便、生殖道样品等常用样品的采集技术,为临床应用提供依据。  相似文献   

大通县野生蔬菜种类调查     

张宝元  孙静 《青海农林科技》2007,(3):30-31,45

采用样带法调查大通野生蔬菜资源,结果表明,大通野生蔬菜目前已查明的品种有60种,属18科,42属,涵盖了大通县85%以上的野生蔬菜,还有15%的品种种类,以及人工引种驯化和蔬菜的成分分析研究今后还应继续进行。  相似文献   

Spatial distribution of isopods in an oak–beech forest     

Konstantin B. Gongalsky  Fyodor A. Savin  Andrei D. Pokarzhevskii  Zhanna V. Filimonova 《European Journal of Soil Biology》2005,41(3-4):117-122

Soil macroinvertebrates were studied in a Mediterranean-type forest on brown-pebble forest soils in southern Russia. At the site, 144 intact soil cores (76 cm² each) forming a grid of 24 × 6 units were taken in order to determine animal spatial distribution. Abundance of isopods was 166.3 ± 16.0 indiv. m^–2 and they constituted about 12% of the total macrofaunal abundance. Biomass of isopods was 3.5 g m^–2, or about 21% of the total biomass of macrofauna. Three woodlice genera (Armadillidium, Cylisticus, and Trachelipus) were found at the site. The two latter genera formed almost all (93%) of the isopod population. We found that spatial distribution of woodlice was heterogeneous: areas with 4–5 individuals per sample were neighboring those without animals. In order to study soil factors influencing isopod distribution in the brown-pebble forest soil, the size of a sample was artificially increased by combining adjacent sample units. Litter mass (r = 0.41) and loss on ignition (LOI) (r = –0.55) significantly influenced isopod distribution. Soil pH was near neutral (6.79), LOI was 8.39, and the water holding capacity was 70.9%. Pebbles comprised up to 84% of the sample's mass. Ca. 40 samples are recommended for estimation of isopod abundance in brown forest soil.  相似文献   

高粱微卫星分析中遗传完整性样本量的确定   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

许玉凤  朱远英  张志娥  卢新雄 《华北农学报》2012,27(3):108-114

采用微卫星分析高粱不同样本量对遗传多样性指数的影响,从而确定最佳样本量,为遗传完整性研究奠定基础。试验设置了10个样本量梯度,对群体的等位基因数目、有效等位基因数目、香农指数、观察杂合度、预期杂合度、多态位点百分数和稀有等位基因频率的变化趋势进行了分析。结果表明,10～40个样本量范围内,等位基因数目、有效等位基因数目、香农指数、多态位点百分数随着样本量的增大而增大;在40个样本量时,等位基因数目、有效等位基因数目和香农指数达到较高值,分别代表了100个群体98.5%的等位基因数、99.1%的有效等位基因数和98.5%的香农指数,之后样本量继续增加,各指标变化不显著。稀有等位基因频率在40个样本量以上,随着样本量的增加数值变化很小。以稀有等位基因频率、等位基因数、有效等位基因数和香农指数为多样性指标,在高粱遗传完整性研究中样本量大小的确定上达到一致性。因此,建议在用SSR技术对高粱进行遗传完整性分析时,样本量要选择40个单株以上。  相似文献