防治胡椒瘟病的生物农药和新型低毒化学农药筛选     

桑利伟  刘爱勤  高圣风  孙世伟  苟亚峰  王政  孟倩倩 《热带作物学报》2016,36(10):43-45

胡椒瘟病是危害我国胡椒产业的首要病害，目前基本依赖使用化学农药防治。筛选应用生物农药是减少化学农药用量的有效途径。本文采用生长速率法测定胡椒瘟病病原菌对12种生物农药和新型低毒化学农药的敏感性。结果表明：70%烯酰?嘧菌酯WG、木霉菌WP和枯草芽孢杆菌WP对胡椒瘟病病原菌的抑菌效果好且敏感性高，EC50分别为0.211 3、0.49和0.78 μg/mL。  相似文献   

Bayesian estimation of diagnostic accuracy of a new bead-based antibody detection test to reveal Toxoplasma gondii infections in pig populations     

《Veterinary parasitology》2015,207(1-2):1-6

The success of a Toxoplasma gondii surveillance program in European pig production systems depends partly on the quality of the test to detect infection in the population. The test accuracy of a recently developed serological bead-based assay (BBA) was investigated earlier using sera from experimentally infected animals. In this study, the accuracy of the BBA was determined by the use of sera from animals from two field subpopulations. As no T. gondii infection information of these animals was available, test accuracy was determined through a Bayesian approach allowing for conditional dependency between BBA and an ELISA test. The priors for prevalence were based on available information from literature, whereas for specificity vague non-informative priors were used. Priors for sensitivity were based either on available information or specified as non-informative. Posterior estimates for BBA sensitivity and specificity were (mode) 0.855 (Bayesian 95% credibility interval (bCI) 0.702–0.960) and 0.913 (bCI 0.893–0.931), respectively. Comparing the results of BBA and ELISA, sensitivity was higher for the BBA while specificity was higher for ELISA. Alternative priors for the sensitivity affected posterior estimates for sensitivity of both BBA and ELISA, but not for specificity. Because the difference in prevalence between the two subpopulations is small, and the number of infected animals is small as well, the precision of the posterior estimates for sensitivity may be less accurate in comparison to the estimates for specificity. The estimated value for specificity of BBA is at least optimally defined for testing pigs from conventional and organic Dutch farms.  相似文献   

A global sensitivity analysis of cultivar trait parameters in a sugarcane growth model for contrasting production environments in Queensland,Australia     

《European Journal of Agronomy》2017

New sugarcane cultivars are continuously developed to improve sugar industry productivity. Despite this sugarcane crop models such as the ‘Sugar’ module in the Agricultural Productions System sIMulator (APSIM-Sugar) have not been updated to reflect the most recent cultivars. The implications of misrepresenting cultivar parameters in APSIM-Sugar is difficult to judge as little research has been published on the likely values of these parameters and how uncertainty in parameter values may affect model outputs. A global sensitivity analysis can be used to better understand how cultivar parameters influence simulated yields. A Gaussian emulator was used to perform a global sensitivity analysis on simulated biomass and sucrose yield at harvest for two contrasting sugarcane-growing regions in Queensland, Australia. Biomass and sucrose yields were simulated for 42 years to identify inter-annual variability in output sensitivities to 10 parameters that represent physiological traits and can be used to simulated differences between sugarcane cultivars. Parameter main effect (S_i) and total effect (ST_i) sensitivity indices and emulator accuracy were calculated for all year-region-output combinations. When both regions were considered together parameters representing radiation use efficiency (rue), number of green leaves (green_leaf_no) and a conductance surrogate parameter (k_L) were the most influential parameters for simulated biomass in APSIM-Sugar. Simulated sucrose yield was most sensitive to rue, sucrose_fraction (representing the fraction of biomass partitioned as sucrose in the stem) and green_leaf_no. However, climate and soil differences between regions changed the level of influence cultivar parameters had on simulation outputs. Specifically, model outputs were more sensitive to changes in the transp_eff_cf and k_L parameters in the Burdekin region due to lower rainfall and poor simulated soil conditions. Collecting data on influential traits that are relatively simple to measure (e.g. number of green leaves) during cultivar development would greatly contribute to the simulation of new cultivars in crop models. Influential parameters that are difficult to measure directly such as transp_eff_cf and sucrose_fraction are ideal candidates for statistical calibration. Calibrating crop models either through direct observation or statistical calibration would allow crop modellers to better test how new cultivars will perform in a range of production environments.  相似文献   

海南不同地区香蕉假茎象甲对几种杀虫剂的敏感性测定     

刘奎  邱海燕  付步礼  伍祎  张帆 《中国果业信息》2013,42(1)

采用虫体浸渍法,测定了海南澄迈和儋州两地的香蕉假茎象甲成虫对480克/升毒死蜱EC、77.5%敌敌畏EC、40%辛硫磷EC、40%丙溴磷EC、25%丙溴?辛硫磷EC、20%三唑磷EC等6种杀虫剂对的敏感性。结果表明,6种药剂对澄迈和儋州两地区的香蕉假茎象甲的毒力大小顺序相同,毒死蜱＞丙溴?辛硫磷＞丙溴磷＞三唑磷＞敌敌畏＞辛硫磷;儋州地区的香蕉假茎象甲对6种药剂的敏感性均高于澄迈地区。  相似文献   

淡水鲳对九种常用鱼药的敏感性试验   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈月英  沈智华 《水产养殖》1992,(1):19-22

本文报告了敌百虫、孔雀石绿、硝酸亚汞、漂白粉、呋喃唑酮、生石灰和食盐等常用鱼药对淡水鲳的安金浓度依次为0.028ppm、0.0312ppm、0.0865ppm、0.699ppm、16.22 ppm、19.5 ppm、1040 ppm。淡水鲳分别在亚甲基蓝2.1 ppm,硫酸铜硫酸亚铁合剂(5∶2)5.6ppm药液中浸浴240小时,未见异常反应。  相似文献   

永磁式涡流缓速器制动性能影响因素敏感性分析     

赵小波  姬长英  赵国柱 《农业机械学报》2009,40(10):18-23

在分析永磁式涡流缓速器制动力矩与结构参数关系的基础上,将均匀设计和回归分析方法引入到永磁式涡流缓速器制动性能影响因素敏感性分析中。以某型号的永磁式涡流缓速器为例,建立了制动力矩随转子鼓内半径、永磁体周向长度、气隙宽度、转子鼓轴向宽度和永磁体高度5个结构参数变化的回归模型,重点讨论了结构参数间交互作用以及各结构参数对制动力矩的影响程度,基于均匀试验设计和制动性能敏感性分析的结果,采用全排列法对结构参数进行了优化。  相似文献   

母体对小麦胚的ABA敏感性和种子休眠性的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

孙果忠张秀英  肖世和 《麦类作物学报》2005,25(3):37-41

种子休眠是品种穗发芽抗性的主导因素,休眠特性与母体效应和胚对ABA的敏感性均有密切关系。为了了解母体对小麦胚的ABA敏感性和种子休眠的影响,为抗穗发芽育种提供科学依据,对穗发芽抗性不同的小麦品种及它们正反交F1后代授粉后不同发育阶段的胚进行了ABA敏感性鉴定,并对收获前的籽粒发芽能力进行了测定。结果表明,在种子发育过程中,不同基因型的离体胚萌发能力存在差异,抗穗发芽品种的胚对ABA敏感性明显高于易穗发芽品种,胚对ABA的敏感性与其萌发能力关系密切,随着萌发能力的升高,胚对ABA的敏感性降低。在成熟种子中,F1的休眠性偏向于抗性亲本。尽管成熟种子和胚的休眠表现出一定的母体效应,但母体对发育至成熟过程中胚的ABA敏感性并没有影响。因而,母体对种子休眠的影响可能与胚的ABA敏感性无关。  相似文献   

基于APSIM模型的不同施肥处理下春玉米产量模拟及气候敏感性分析     

马瑞丽  李广  王钧  姚瑶 《玉米科学》2022,30(5):116-121

以平凉市泾川县大田试验为基础,利用农业生产系统模拟模型,探究不同类型施肥处理对春玉米产量的影响以及气候变化对春玉米产量影响的敏感性差异,分析APSIM模型对模拟该地区春玉米产量的适应性。结果表明,APSIM模型对该区域春玉米产量的模拟效果较好,决定系数(R²)介于0.934～0.975,归一化均方根误差(NRMSE)介于6.073%～9.758%,模型一致性指标(D)介于0.952～0.987。模型敏感分析显示,年平均温度是模拟不同施肥处理下春玉米产量的敏感参数,其变化程度对模拟结果影响较大,不同施肥处理(CK、N、NP)下的敏感指数分别为0.533 2、0.558 7和0.568 2。  相似文献   

The impact of temperature on nitrification rate in fixed film biofilters   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

Songming Zhu  Shulin Chen 《Aquacultural Engineering》2002,26(4):221-237

The impact of temperature on nitrification rate was evaluated in this study through experimental tests, mathematical modeling and sensitivity analysis. The results show that the impact of temperature on fixed film nitrification rate is less significant than that predicted by the van't Hoff–Arrhenius equation. In a fixed film biofilter, the impact of temperature on nitrification rate due to DO (dissolved oxygen) limitation is different from that due to TAN (total ammonia nitrogen) limitation. Sensitivity analysis indicated that a temperature increment at 20 °C resulted in nitrification rate increase of 1.108% per °C and 4.275% per °C under DO and TAN limited conditions, respectively. Diffusion mass transport plays an important role in fixed film nitrification processes. Consequently, the effect of temperature on nitrification rate due to bacterial growth rate change in fixed film processes is greatly reduced compared with that of suspended growth processes. When oxygen is limited, the decrease in saturation DO concentration as temperature increases results in a negative temperature impact upon the nitrification rate.  相似文献   

中国粮食主产区参考作物蒸散量演变特征与成因分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨永刚  崔宁博  胡笑涛  龚道枝 《中国农业气象》2018,39(4):245

在全球变暖的背景下,参考作物蒸散量（reference crop evapotranspiration,ET0）的改变及其空间分布势必对中国粮食主产区农业水资源规划、农业用水管理等产生重要影响。本文将中国粮食主产区划分为温带湿润半湿润地区（I区）、温带干旱半干旱地区（II区）、暖温带半湿润地区（III区）和亚热带湿润地区（IV区）4个子区域,基于粮食主产区265个站点1961-2013年53a气象数据,采用FAO-56 Penman-Monteith公式计算各站点逐日ET0,利用ArcGIS空间插值、Mann-Kendall趋势检验、敏感性分析和贡献率分析等方法,对该区域ET0的时空分布规律及其成因进行分析。结果表明：（1）近53a来,中国粮食主产区年均ET0为878.9mm,整体呈显著下降趋势,速率为0.47mm·a^-1（P＜0.05）,I、II区和IV区年均ET0分别为741.8、1079.8和924.2mm且均有所减小,但变化趋势并不明显,III区年均ET0为940.2mm,呈极显著下降趋势,速率为1.21mm·a^-1（P＜0.01）。（2）全区及I-IV区ET0最敏感气象因子均为相对湿度,其敏感系数分别为-1.060、-1.232、-0.784、-1.114和-1.009。（3）全区及I-III区对ET0变化贡献最大的气象因子为风速,IV区为相对湿度。（4）风速的减小是造成粮食主产区全区及I-III区ET0减小的首要原因,风速减小和日照时数缩短是造成IV区ET0减小的主要原因。  相似文献