渤海湾外来浮游植物物种及其入侵途径分析     

蒲阿敏  张贝贝  贾鹏  王庆改 《农业环境科学学报》2020,37(4):477-483

为了预防外来浮游植物入侵引发的渤海湾赤潮灾害，基于近20年建设项目环境影响评价报告书和相关文献资料的研究成果，收集整理了渤海湾海域已发现的外来浮游植物物种及具体物种信息，分析了物种入侵的主要途径及可能产生的赤潮灾害影响。结果表明：渤海湾海域共发现17种外来浮游植物，其中，甲藻门最多，有10种；硅藻门次之，有5种；金藻门和黄藻门最少，各有1种。研究表明：渤海湾外来浮游植物中，除中华盒形藻外，其余16种均属于赤潮生物，这些物种主要通过压载水引入、传播的方式进入渤海湾海域，应加强港口监控和管理，以防赤潮灾害。  相似文献   

利用QuantStudioTM 3D数字PCR分析转基因玉米MON863含量   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡佳莹  姜羽  杨立桃 《农业生物技术学报》2016,(8):1216-1224

QuantStudioTM 3D数字PCR (QuantStudioTM 3D digital PCR,3D-dPCR)是一种基于超高密度亲疏水微孔芯片实现数字PCR分液原理的新型核酸绝对定量平台,在转基因生物定量领域具有极大的应用前景.本研究基于3D-dPCR平台,以转基因玉米(Zea mays)MON863混合样品为例,建立基于单重和双重数字PCR体系的转基因生物(genetically modified organisms,GMOs)含量分析方法.与传统qRT-PCR比较发现,在缺乏样品纯度、纯合度信息的情况下,数字PCR能够较好地排除这些因素的影响,测定准确的量值.研究结果表明,QuantStudioTM 3D数字PCR是一种适用于转基因生物含量分析的精确定量方法,还可反映转基因玉米种子的基因型.本研究基于3D-dPCR建立的转基因玉米MON863单重和双重定量方法为转基因检测提供了新的方法和参考.  相似文献   

我国林业外来有害生物的入侵与防范措施     

刘启斌  闫双菊 《北京农业》2012,(33):117-118

主要是对当前我国外来有害生物的入侵并蔓延原因进行分析,并提出对外来有害生物的防范措施。  相似文献   

The effect of the herbicide diuron on soil microbial activity     

Prado AG  Airoldi C 《Pest management science》2001,57(7):640-644

The inhibitory effect of the herbicide diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] on microbial activity in red Latosol soil was followed using microcalorimetry. The activity of the micro-organisms in 1.50 g of soil sample was stimulated by addition of 6.0 mg of glucose and 6.0 mg of ammonium sulfate under 35% controlled humidity at 298.15 (+/- 0.02) K. This activity was determined by power-time curves that were recorded for increasing amounts of diuron, varying from zero to 333.33 micrograms g-1 soil. An increase in the amount of diuron in soil caused a decrease of the original thermal effect, to reach a null value above 333.33 micrograms g-1 of herbicide. The power-time curve showed that the lag-phase period and peak time increased with added herbicide. The decrease of the thermal effect evolved by micro-organisms and the increase of the lag-phase period are associated with the death of microbial populations caused by diuron, which strongly affects soil microbial communities.  相似文献   

Risks to the aquatic ecosystem from the application of Metarhizium anisopliae for locust control in Australia     

Milner RJ  Lim RP  Hunter DM 《Pest management science》2002,58(7):718-723

Laboratory tests of Metarhizium anisopliae var acridum Driver & Milner, at a dose of 1.3 x 10(6) conidia ml-1, had no adverse effects on nymphs of mayfly, Ulmerophlebia sp or 8-week-old fry of the rainbow fish, Melanotaenia duboulayi Castelnau. This dose was toxic to the cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia dubia Richard, causing 100% mortality in 48 h. When this test was repeated at doses of up to 6.7 x 10(3) conidia ml-1, there was only 5% mortality after 192 h. Spraying of artificial water sources with a very high dose of the fungus as an aqueous spray resulted in 80-130 conidia ml-1 at 15 cm depth in the first 24 h after spraying. The conidia rapidly settled out and were absent from the top 15 cm layer of water after about 50 h. A similar experiment using the oil formulation as used in field control resulted in a 2- to 20-fold lower level of conidia in the water. Finally, sampling actual water sources in spray areas revealed a very low level of contamination of the water, with a maximum mean level of 29 conidia ml-1 in the first 24 h after treatment. Thus the level of conidia likely to enter water during control campaigns is a small fraction of that required to kill cladocerans, the only sensitive non-target organism tested. It is concluded that the biopesticide is very unlikely to pose any hazard to aquatic organisms.  相似文献   

Helicobacter infection in dogs and cats: facts and fiction     

Neiger R  Simpson KW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2000,14(2):125-133

The discovery of the spiral bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its causative role in gastric disease in humans has brought a dramatic change to gastroenterology. Although spiral bacteria have been known for more than a century to infect the stomachs of dogs and cats, recent research has been conducted mainly in the wake of interest in H. pylori. H. pylori has not been found in dogs and only very rarely in cats and zoonotic risk is minimal. A variety of other Helicobacter spp. can infect the stomach of pets; however, their pathogenic role is far from clear, and they have a small but real zoonotic potential. The prevalence of gastric Helicobacter spp. in dogs and cats is high, irrespective of clinical signs, and as in human medicine, mode of transmission is unclear. The relationship of Helicobacter spp. to gastric inflammation in cats and dogs is unresolved, with inflammation, glandular degeneration, and lymphoid follicle hyperplasia accompanying infection in some but not all subjects. Circulating anti-Helicobacter immunoglobulin G antibodies have been detected in 80% of dogs with naturally acquired infection and most dogs and cats with experimental infection. The gastric secretory axis is similar in infected and uninfected cats and dogs and no relationship of infection to gastrointestinal ulcers has been found. Differences in the pathogenicity of Helicobacter spp. are apparent, because infection with H pylori is associated with a more severe gastritis than infection with other Helicobacter spp. in both cats and dogs. Rapid urease test, histopathology, and touch cytology are all highly accurate invasive diagnostic tests for gastric Helicobacter-like organisms in dogs and cats, whereas culture and polymerase chain reaction are the only means to identify them to the species level. Urea breath and blood tests or serology can be used to diagnose Helicobacter spp. noninvasively in dogs and cats. Most therapeutic studies in pets have not shown long-term eradication of Helicobacter spp. Whether this is due to reinfection or recrudescence has not been established.  相似文献   

转基因产品检测技术及其差异比较     

于忠娜  苗向阳  李建霞  单虎  韩荣伟 《中国饲料》2007,(5):16-19

本文介绍了常用的转基因产品检测方法,包括针对核酸的聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和针对蛋白质的酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA),并对几种检测方法的优缺点进行比较。  相似文献   

荧光显微技术在枣疯病病原鉴定中的应用   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

王秀伶  刘丽娟 《河北农业大学学报》1999,22(4):46-49

以易感染枣疯病的阜平大枣为试材，对影响枣疯病病原荧光显微观察的主要因素进行了系统研究。结果表明：苯胺蓝（ａｎｉｌｉｎｅ ｂｌｕｅ）、ＤＡＰＩ（４’，６－ｄｉａｍｉｄｉｎｏ－２－ｐｈｅｎｙｌｉｎｄｏｌｅ·２ＨＣＩ）和阿的平（ｑｕｉｎａｃｒｉｎｅ）３种荧光染料均可用于枣疯病病原鉴定，其中以ＤＡＰＩ效果最佳。ＤＡＰＩ用于定性分析的是了适浓度为０．３μｇ·ｍＬ＾－１，用于定量分析的最适浓度为１．０μｇ·ｍ  相似文献   

毕节地区林业有害生物普查     

刘正忠  郑红军  曾宪勤  万艳  吴军 《贵州林业科技》2007,35(3):57-64

对全区林业有害生物进行普查,初步查出林业有害生物共七大类147种,病害53种,虫害83种,鼠(兔)害8种,寄生性种子植物3种,蜱螨3种,软体动物2种,有害植物1种.发现林业外来有害生物松材线虫病1种,有害植物紫茎泽兰1种,本土有害生物145种.  相似文献   

Diversity of Glomale Mycorrhizal Fungi in Maize/Sesbania Intercrops and Maize Monocrop Systems in Southern Malawi     

Joyce M. Jefwa  Robert Sinclair  Jumanne A. Maghembe 《Agroforestry Systems》2006,67(2):107-114

The study investigated diversity and frequency of occurrence of glomale (Arbuscular- or Vesicular Arbuscular-) mycorrhizal fungi on three farming systems in a drought prone and nitrogen deficiency site in southern Malawi. The farming systems comprised of two agroforestry systems of Sesbania sesban (L) Merr intercropped with maize and Sesbania macrantha E Phillips & Hutch. intercropped with maize and a maize monocrop systems without fertilizer, with nitrogen, phosphorus and a combination of nitrogen and phosphorus. Species diversity and species frequency of occurrence were examined in soil samples obtained in the dry and wet seasons. Twelve glomale mycorrhizal species were recorded, four species being in the genus Acaulospora, four in Glomus, two in Gigaspora and two in Scutellospora. Species diversity in the two agroforestry systems were not significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different but had lower species diversity than maize monocrop with only Sesbania macrantha intercropped with maize significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower. Species diversity was significantly increased by the inorganic nitrogen fertilizer. Inorganic phosphorus fertilizer had no effect. The study shows that the occurrence and persistence of glomale species are influenced by agroforestry combinations, and that the spores of most species are tolerant to dry conditions. Only four species responded to fertilizer application with the occurrence of spores of some species high and some low. Management practices have great implication in the persistence of spore propagules of glomale species. The order Glomale was revised in 2001 and upgraded to a phylum Glomeromycota.  相似文献