菌根性食用菌栽培研究进展   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

谭著明  傅绍春  周小玲  廖正乾  张志光 《食用菌学报》2003,10(3):56-63

对目前菌根性食用菌栽培研究的进展进行了综述。重点介绍了菌根性食用菌与共生植物的相互作用,几种主要菌根性食用菌的培养条件、接种方法和栽培方法,以及种植园管理技术的研究现状。  相似文献   

生物共生理论对构建和谐社会的科学指导意义     

任强杨晓红  郝春梅于桂宝 何炜 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2007,5(6):160-163

在人类居住的“地球村”里，生存着多种多样的生物，他们之间存在着千丝万缕的奇妙关系，生物共生就是这些关系之一。分析生物共生理念的产生根源，回顾生物共生理论的发展轨迹，对目前人类认识的生物共生现象进行了归类阐述，提出生物共生理论资源对构建和谐社会具有科学的指导意义。  相似文献   

环青海湖地区两种引种禾本科牧草根际真菌群落对有机肥的响应     

马坤  赵阳安  周学丽  王英成  金鑫  张海娟  颜珲璘  张卓航  邱鹏滢  芦光新 《草地学报》2022,30(10):2617-2625

本研究以环青海湖地区引进的两种禾本科牧草'川草2号’老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus 'Chuancao No.2’)和'阿坝’垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans 'Aba’)为研究对象,通过田间试验,采用ITS rDNA Illumina高通量测序技术和分子生态网络的方法,分析施用有机肥后两种牧草生长及根际真菌群落结构变化。结果显示,与对照相比,有机肥显著增加两种牧草的地上及地下生物量,降低牧草茎叶比(P<0.05);有机肥处理改变了土壤理化性质,提高全氮(TN)和有机碳(SOC)含量(P<0.05),降低土壤pH。土壤真菌群落结构表明：有机肥降低老芒麦根际主要优势菌和次要优势菌的相对丰度;提高披碱草根际赤霉菌(Gibberella)、内生真菌属(Preussia)相对丰度。RDA结构显示pH和SOC是驱动微生物变化的主要环境因子(P<0.01),有机肥添加重新构建了土壤真菌群落间的网络关系。高寒地区短期施加有机肥明显促进牧草生长,提高土壤肥力,改变微生物群落结构。  相似文献   

从生态-产业共生关系考察农业可持续性     

张红辉  陈红  刘春芳 《安徽农业科学》2014,(28):9978-9980

在我国,资源危机、生态环境危机已成为制约农业可持续性的主要因素,因此需要基于农业生态与产业系统的共生关系视角研究农业可持续性问题.该研究界定了基于农业生态-产业共生关系的农业可持续性的内涵,构建了农业生态-产业复合系统动态共生模型,创新性地运用该模型中农业生态-产业的竞争系数的关系来评价农业的可持续性.  相似文献   

The impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on strawberry tolerance to root damage and drought stress   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Victoria A. Borowicz 《Pedobiologia》2010,53(4):265-270

Individually, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), drought stress, and root damage can alter terrestrial plant performance but the joint effects of these three factors have not been explored. Because AMF can improve water relations, colonization by these root symbionts may increase the host’s tolerance of drought especially when roots have been compromised by herbivory. This full factorial study examined effects of AMF, water deficit, and artificial root herbivory in three genotypes of wild strawberry, Fragaria virginiana Duchesne that originated from the same restored tallgrass prairie as the AMF inoculum. Drought stress and root damage altered allocation to roots vs. shoots but the effects were not additive and the interaction did not depend on AMF treatment. Effects of AMF were absent with one exception: root damage significantly reduced belowground mass only in plants inoculated with AMF. Although drought stress did not interact with the AMF treatment, both drought stress and root damage reduced the abundance of arbuscules, and especially vesicles, and colonization varied among genotypes. Failure to detect strong effects of AMF on host growth could be due to variable responses of individual AMF species summing to no net effects. Functionally, AMF were primarily commensals of strawberry in this study.  相似文献   

Symbiosis with bacteria enhances the use of chitin by the springtail,Folsomia candida (Collembola)     

H. Borkott  H. Insam 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1990,9(2):126-129

Summary The relationship between Folsomia candida and chitin-degrading microorganisms was studied. On chitin agar, 10¹⁰ bacteria were isolated per g faeces, and 3.8×10¹¹ bacteria per g gut contents, 1/3 of them showing a clear (chitin-free) zone around the colony. The most abundant chitin-degrading bacteria were Xanthomonas maltophilia and Curtobacterium sp. To determine the bacterial contribution in the use of chitin by F. candida, a feeding experiment was carried out. F. candida were fed with chitin, either amended with or without tetracycline as an inhibitor of bacteria. When tetracycline was omitted the biomass of F. candida was increased compared to those fed chitin with tetracycline. However, this result was observed only when the food replacement intervals were long enough to allow bacterial colonization before ingestion of the food. In a food-selection experiment, a preference for chitin colonized with microorganisms as opposed to sterile chitin was found. The results indicate that a mutualistic symbiosis of F. candida with chitinolytic microorganisms is likely to enhance chitin degradation. This relationship is not only intra-intestinal but also involves an extra-intestinal phase.Dedicated to the late Prof. Dr. W. Kühnelt  相似文献   

根内生真菌印度梨形孢侵染对黑麦草气体交换和生长发育的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴楚  税蓉  韦巧  张文英 《草地学报》2018,26(3):786-790

植物根内生真菌印度梨形孢（Piriformospora indica）具有广泛的侵染能力,可以提高植物的生长发育和抗逆性。通过盆栽试验对黑麦草进行印度梨形孢接种,以研究印度梨形孢对黑麦草气体交换和生长发育的影响。试验结果表明,印度梨形孢对黑麦草的侵染可以显著提高其黑麦草光系统Ⅱ光量子产量Y （Ⅱ）和光化学淬灭qP以及净光合速率和气孔导度,而显著降低胞间二氧化碳浓度;同时显著降低黑麦草的水分利用效率,而显著提高其光能利用效率。印度梨形孢与黑麦草共生使黑麦草的总生物量增加了10.87%。  相似文献   

Potential for monoterpenes to affect ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungal activity in coniferous forests is revealed by novel experimental system     

Katherine E. Ludley  Clare H. Robinson  Paul M. Chamberlain 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(1):117-124

The fungal community in coniferous forest soils plays a pivotal role in ecosystem processes such as decomposition and carbon and nutrient cycling. Both saprotrophic (SP) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi occur throughout the upper soil horizons in coniferous forests and could therefore be exposed to high concentrations of monoterpenes occurring in the needle litter and roots of some tree species. Previous work has noted the differential effects of monoterpenes on the mycelial growth of a range of both SP and ECM fungi when grown in artificial nutrient media. This study used a novel experimental system to assess the effect of environmentally relevant concentrations of monoterpenes on the activity of ECM and SP fungi grown on more natural substrata. Exposure of the ECM fungus Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. to vapours of either α-pinene or β-pinene resulted in a significantly greater proportion of root tips being colonised by the fungus when it was grown with seedlings of Picea abies (L.) Karst. Exposure to monoterpenes resulted in a significant decrease in respiration rate of two species of litter degrading SP fungi, Mycena galopus var. candida J. E. Lange and Collybia butyracea (Bull.) P. Kumm. There was no difference in response between the two SP species, despite the fact that previous tests in liquid nutrient media, with monoterpenes at higher concentrations, indicated that one species was sensitive and one was not. The high volatility and low solubility of monoterpenes in water make them challenging to work with. The experimental system developed here, although still artificial, provides a bridge between pure culture studies in defined media and all the complexities of forest soils in the field, by allowing the exposure of fungi to environmentally relevant monoterpene concentrations in more natural substrata.  相似文献   

深海热液口生物共生现象研究     

张梦  熊冬金 《安徽农业科学》2008,36(23)

介绍了深海热液口生物共生关系的发现及其存在的证据,并对有关这一共生体系中的宿主营养以及宿主对其共生微生物的获取途径作了综述。  相似文献   

三种内生真菌与大花蕙兰共生对矿质营养吸收的影响   总被引：30，自引：0，他引：30  

赵杨景  郭顺星  高薇薇  杜淑燕 《园艺学报》1999,26(2):110-115

以从兰科植物出的内生真菌与大花蕙兰接种,均能形成菌根,其中ＧＣ９４１和ＧＣ９４５两种菌只侵染根的表皮细胞,在细胞内呈菌丝结结构,而ＧＣ９３４菌在侵染前期同前两和种真菌,后期菌丝可部分侵染皮层细胞,并呈疏松的分枝状结构。３种内生真菌可使幼苗茎叶干重比增施矿质营养但不接种真菌的处理（ＣＫ２）提高１７３．２％－２５０．１％,并对植株吸收Ｎ,Ｐ,Ｋ养分有促进作用,其中ＧＣ９４５菌使幼苗吸收Ｎ和Ｋ的量比ＣＫ  相似文献