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1.
Janne Rothmann Ole F. Christensen Eva Søndergaard Jan Ladewig 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014
Reactivity in horses, defined as a state of high arousal, has an impact on the daily handling and welfare of horses and can have an impact on the risk of causing human injuries. Behavior tests have been developed to assess reactivity, but these tests are difficult to apply in practice. The objectives of this study were to investigate how reactivity measured in a practical situation associates with rideability and performance and to explore the association between the measured reactivity and reactivity assessed by the horse's owner. A total of 234 Danish Warmblood females, 3 years of age, were videotaped and scored for reactivity during the evaluation of their conformation, and a questionnaire was completed by the owners. Associations between reactivity and performance traits were investigated by computing partial correlations (Pearson, rp). A low negative correlation was found between rideability and reactivity (rp = −0.16, P = .02) and between reactivity and free jumping (rp = −0.14, P = .03). These results suggest that highly reactive horses received lower grades in rideability and free jumping. However, no association with performance traits in dressage was found. Likewise, low but significant association was found between reactivity and ratings from owners (rp = 0.15, P = .02), indicating that horses considered to be nervous by their owners also were scored as reactive. In conclusion, it appears possible to measure reactivity in a practical situation. This study also concluded low negative associations between reactivity and the two performance traits rideability and free jumping. 相似文献
2.
Angela R Mays Michael L Looper Benjamin C Williamson Kenneth P Coffey Wayne K Coblentz Glen E Aiken Charles F Rosenkrans Jr 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2013,4(1):20
Background
Integration of behavioral observations with traditional selection schemes may lead to enhanced animal well-being and more profitable forage-based cattle production systems. Brahman-influenced (BR; n = 64) and Gelbvieh × Angus (GA; n = 64) heifers consumed either toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue (E+) or one of two nontoxic endophyte-infected tall fescue (NT) cultivars during two yr. Heifers were weighed at midpoint and termination of grazing. Grazing behavior (grazing, resting in the shade, lying, or standing without grazing) was recorded (n = 13 visual observations per yr in June and July) for each pasture. During yr 2, exit velocity (EV) and serum prolactin (PRL) were determined.Results
Grazing behavior was influenced (P < 0.05) by an interaction between fescue cultivar and breed type. Gelbvieh × Angus heifers assigned to E+ pastures had the lowest percentage of animals grazing and the largest percentage of animals resting in the shade. Brahman-influenced heifers had faster EV (P < 0.001) than GA heifers (0.52 vs. 0.74 ± 0.04 s/m, respectively). Body weight (BW) was affected (P < 0.01) by an interaction of tall fescue cultivar and d, and an interaction of tall fescue cultivar and breed type. Heifers grazing NT pastures were heavier (P < 0.01) than heifers grazing E+ pastures at midpoint and termination. Gelbvieh × Angus heifers grazing NT pastures were heavier (P < 0.01) than GA and BR heifers grazing E+ and BR heifers grazing NT pastures. An interaction of forage cultivar and breed type occurred on serum PRL (P < 0.01).Conclusion
Collectively fescue cultivar, EV, and concentrations of serum PRL were associated with grazing behavior. Heifers grazing NT pastures were observed to be grazing more than heifers assigned to E+ pastures, regardless of breed type, which may have contributed to changes in BW and average daily gain (ADG) in heifers. Integration of behavioral observations along with traditional selection schemes may lead to enhanced animal well-being and more profitable forage-based cattle production systems. 相似文献3.
Cafe LM Robinson DL Ferguson DM Geesink GH Greenwood PL 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2011,40(4):230-240
Associations between temperament, stress physiology, and productivity were studied in yearling Brahman steers (n = 81). Steers differed in calpain system gene marker status; 41 were implanted with a hormonal growth promotant at feedlot entry. Temperament was assessed with repeated measurements of flight speed (FS) and crush score (CS) during 6 mo of backgrounding at pasture and 117 d of grain finishing. Adrenal responsiveness was assessed with ACTH challenge, with plasma samples collected immediately before and 60 min after challenge. Steers with higher FS and CS had higher prechallenge plasma cortisol, glucose, lactate, and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations. The ACTH-induced cortisol response was unrelated to FS or CS, but glucose remained higher after challenge in flightier steers. The hormonal growth promotant reduced adrenal responsiveness; tenderness genotype had no effect. When temperament assessments and cortisol concentrations before and after challenge were combined in a principal components analysis, four vectors accounting for 38%, 25%, 18%, and 9% of the variation were identified. The first vector had significant loadings on temperament and prechallenge cortisol; increasing scores were associated with increased plasma glucose, lactate, and nonesterified fatty acid and with reductions in BW and feedlot growth rates, carcass fatness, and muscle pH. The second vector loaded only on ACTH-induced cortisol response; increased scores related to increased residual feed intake, number of daily feed sessions, and meat marbling score. The third and fourth vectors had different loadings on FS and CS and appeared to identify different aspects of temperament measured by FS or CS. Fewer associations were found between the third or fourth vectors and productivity traits, possibly because of lower variance accounted for by these vectors. In conclusion, temperament was related to prechallenge cortisol but not to ACTH-induced cortisol response. Principal components analysis separated these traits into separate components, which in turn had different relations with productivity traits. The largest component of temperament was described similarly by FS and CS, but there were smaller components that these described differently. There were some temperament-related differences in the metabolic status of the steers which were not related to the variation in cortisol, suggesting involvement of the sympatho-adrenal-medullary axis in these temperament-related effects. 相似文献
4.
通过对相同饲养管理条件下(放牧 补饲)的32只布尔山羊公羊的长期观察,发现不同个体间存在着明显的性格差异,可根据其行进速度、采食速度、配种行为以及对环境声响和驱赶反应等分为稳健型、急躁型和迟钝型3种。公羊的性格直接影响其生长速度和繁殖性能,其中性格急躁型公羊性成熟较早,但周岁后体重较小,采精量较少,精子密度较差;迟钝型公羊虽然在体增重、采精量和精子密度方面有一定优势,但性成熟较晚,性欲和精子活力较差。采精、配种时动作缓慢或精力不集中,不受人们的欢迎;稳健型公羊各方面表现都比较理想,因此,在其他性能指标相同条件下,选择性格稳健的公羊更为有利。 相似文献
5.
Relationship between maternal defensive aggression, fear of handling and other maternal care traits in beef cows 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Aggressive defense of the calf by beef cows can result in serious and fatal injuries to producers, veterinarians and members of the public. This risk is likely to be exacerbated by the further extensification of pasture-based systems, the increasing use made by the public of agricultural land for recreation and the need for increased handling of the calf to comply with EU ear tagging regulations. Selection for reduced flightiness from humans during routine husbandry tasks is being investigated in some countries and interest in selecting for stronger maternal behaviours to suit low-labour input systems is emerging. A potential consequence of these selection approaches could be to inadvertently select cattle that aggressively defend calves against human approach with an associated increase in risk of human injury. This article assesses the potential for correlated changes in maternal defensive aggression resulting from selection on flightiness and calf survival or maternal care traits and examines the scope for including maternal defensive aggression as a trait in its own right in selection indices. Evidence is presented which shows a phenotypic relationship indicating that both reduced flightiness and strong maternal care are associated with elevated maternal defense in several species. Selection for the former traits could lead to undesirable changes in maternal aggressiveness to handlers if confirmed at the genetic level in cattle. Maternal defensive aggression is weakly, but significantly heritable in beef cattle. Selecting cattle intermediate in expression of fear and maternal care or including selection against aggressiveness itself in breeding programmes may benefit handler safety. 相似文献
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7.
Janne Rothmann Ole F. Christensen Eva Søndergaard Jan Ladewig 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014
Temperament traits in horses, especially reactivity, are an important trait in relation to human–horse accidents and the welfare of the horses. However, so far, temperament is often not included in many horse breeding programs. Most of the behavioral genetic studies in horses have been based on indirect indications of a sire effect and not on estimations of the heritability of temperament traits. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the heritability of behavior reactions related to reactivity observed in a practical situation, that is, during the evaluation of the conformation of the horse at field tests. The study included 323 3-year-old Warmblood horses. Data were analyzed according to an animal model, and the estimation was based on restricted maximum likelihood. Results showed a low (0.17) heritability of reactivity. Probably because of the limited number of horses in the study, a high standard error was untainted. Nevertheless, results suggested a genetic variation of reactivity when assessed at field tests, but further research is needed before reactivity can be incorporated as a selection criteria into a breeding program. 相似文献
8.
This study aimed to identify the parameters related to the expression of the reactivity in horses during handling and based on that proposed and validated a scale of composite measure reactivity score to characterize horse's reactivity. To this end, the first stage (S1) proposed the scale and the second (S2) validated it. In S1, 364 Lusitano horses were evaluated, 188 were adult breeding mares (4–12 years old), and 176 were foals (males/females, aged from 2 months to 2 years). During hooves trimming, vermifuge application, palpation scores were assigned to behaviors of movement, ears and eyes position, breathing, vocalization, and urination. A response parameter called reactivity was attributed to each animal, ranging from score 1 (nonreactive/calm) to score 4 (very reactive/aggressive). The verification of the possible parameters (age, behavior), which explains the response parameter (reactivity), was taken using ordinal proportional odds model. Movement, breathing, ears and eyes position, vocalization, and age appear to explain the reactivity of horses during handling (P < .01). Therefore, based on these parameters, it was possible to propose two scales of composite measure reactivity score: one to characterize the mares and another the foals. On S2, the proposed scale was validated by the simultaneous application of Forced Human Approach Test, another commonly used test to evaluate the reactivity in horses, with a correlation of 0.97 (P < .05). The assessment of the reactivity of horses during handling by a composite measure reactivity score scale is valid, and easy to apply, without disrupting daily routine and override the impact of individual differences. 相似文献
9.
家畜的性情特征与动物生产密切相关,本文主要对近年来国内外在动物性情的分类、判别方法、遗传背景等方面进行综述,较系统地阐述动物性情分类及其性情判别方法,以期为动物性情特征与判别以及动物性情与动物生产关系的进一步研究提供基础资料。 相似文献
10.
Angela R Mays Michael L Looper Benjamin C Williamson Kenneth P Coffey Wayne K Coblentz Glen E Aiken Charles F Rosenkrans Jr 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2013,(3):165-169
Background： Integration of behavioral observations with traditional selection schemes may lead to enhanced animal well-being and more profitable forage-based cattle production systems.Brahman-influenced（BR;n = 64） and Gelbvieh × Angus（GA;n = 64） heifers consumed either toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue（E＋） or one of two nontoxic endophyte-infected tall fescue（NT） cultivars during two yr.Heifers were weighed at midpoint and termination of grazing.Grazing behavior（grazing,resting in the shade,lying,or standing without grazing） was recorded（n = 13 visual observations per yr in June and July） for each pasture.During yr 2,exit velocity（EV） and serum prolactin（PRL） were determined.Results： Grazing behavior was influenced（P 0.05） by an interaction between fescue cultivar and breed type.Gelbvieh × Angus heifers assigned to E＋ pastures had the lowest percentage of animals grazing and the largest percentage of animals resting in the shade.Brahman-influenced heifers had faster EV（P 0.001） than GA heifers（0.52 vs.0.74 ± 0.04 s/m,respectively）.Body weight（BW） was affected（P 0.01） by an interaction of tall fescue cultivar and d,and an interaction of tall fescue cultivar and breed type.Heifers grazing NT pastures were heavier（P 0.01） than heifers grazing E＋ pastures at midpoint and termination.Gelbvieh × Angus heifers grazing NT pastures were heavier（P 0.01） than GA and BR heifers grazing E＋ and BR heifers grazing NT pastures.An interaction of forage cultivar and breed type occurred on serum PRL（P 0.01）.Conclusion： Collectively fescue cultivar,EV,and concentrations of serum PRL were associated with grazing behavior.Heifers grazing NT pastures were observed to be grazing more than heifers assigned to E＋ pastures,regardless of breed type,which may have contributed to changes in BW and average daily gain（ADG） in heifers.Integration of behavioral observations along with traditional selection schemes may lead to enhanced animal well-being and more profitable forage-based cattle production systems. 相似文献