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为鉴定男性不育药和有些驱虫药对寄生蠕虫的不育作用,对培养在试管内的鸡蛔虫和卵胚,以及人工感染蛔虫的鸡分别进行了体内和体外试验。棉酚和硝基呋喃类的呋喃唑酮、呋喃西林、S_(73031)和S_(72055)均无抑制产卵和卵胚发育的作用,苯并咪唑类的丙硫咪唑、甲苯咪唑和噻苯咪唑以及吩噻嗪均有抑制产卵和卵胚发育的作用,它们的EMIC_(50)分别为0.006,1.326,0.029和0.052ppm。抑制产卵所需浓度远大于抑制卵胚发育所需浓度。吡喹酮和硫双二氯酚也不具有抑制产卵和卵胚成熟的作用。放线菌酮仅对试管内蛔虫有抑制产卵作用,但对体内蛔虫却无影响。 相似文献
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In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of thiabendazole, mebendazole, levamisole and ivermectin against Gongylonema pulchrum. For in vitro assays, third-stage larvae (L3) incubated with the drugs were administered orally to mice and the ability of larvae to invade the gastric mucosa of the animals was examined. After incubation, only those larvae treated with high concentrations of levamisole (1 and 10 microg/ml) were tightly coiled with intestines exhibiting morphological abnormalities. Good dose-response data for the drugs tested was observed at the time of worm recovery from mice, with no worms recovered at the two highest concentrations of levamisole. In vivo efficacy of the drugs against adult worms was evaluated in six groups of three rabbits, each of which was infected with 30 L3 of G. pulchrum and treated with thiabendazole at 100 mg/kg for 3 days, mebendazole at 70 mg/kg for 3 days, levamisole as a single dose of 8 mg/kg, and subcutaneously injected ivermectin as a single dose of 0.2 mg/kg or vehicles of the drugs (control) at 4 months post-infection. Necropsy 14 days after treatment revealed that levamisole, mebendazole and ivermectin reduced worm burdens by 63.2%, 22.8% and 25.8%, respectively, with no reductions in worms observed with thiabendazole. The surviving worms were principally found in the esophagus with the remainder distributed among the buccal mucosa, the tongue, and/or pharyngeal mucosa in all groups. A number of morphologically abnormal eggs were observed within the uterus and ovijector in female worms recovered from the thiabendazole-treated group. These findings suggest that levamisole exhibits in vivo efficacy against G. pulchrum infection and that the larval invasion tests using mice could be used to screen for anthelmintic susceptibility of nematodes. 相似文献
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Carbendazim, iprodione, prochloraz-Mn, thiabendazole and thiophanate-methyl were tested in vitro and in vivo for their effect on Mycogone perniciosa, the mycoparasite that causes wet bubble disease of white button mushroom. In vitro experiments showed that prochloraz-Mn (ED50 = 0.006–0.064 μg ml−1) and carbendazim (ED50 = 0.031–0.097 μg ml−1) were the most effective fungicides for inhibiting the mycelial growth of M. perniciosa, while iprodione (ED50 = 1.90–3.80 μg ml−1) was the least effective. The resistance factors calculated for the five fungicides were between 1.4 and 2. The results obtained suggest that there is very little risk that M. perniciosa will develop resistance to the fungicides assayed. The in vivo efficacy of fungicides for control of wet bubble was studied in two mushroom cropping experiments, which were artificially infected with two doses of M. perniciosa, 106 and 107 spores m−2, respectively. There was, in the low dose inoculum experiment, a very high degree of effectiveness (96.5–100.0%) with all the fungicides assayed. However, iprodione performed poorly (20.5–24.4%) compared with the other fungicides (88.7–100.0%) in the high concentration inoculum experiment. The most effective treatments for controlling wet bubble did not improve the biological efficiency of Agaricus bisporus. 相似文献
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[目的]建立同时检测葡萄中多菌灵和噻菌灵残留的高效液相色谱方法。[方法]用乙腈从葡萄样品中提取多菌灵和噻菌灵,提取物先用凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）净化,然后采用高效液相色谱法-荧光检测器测定,外标法定量。对样品前处理和色谱分离条件进行了研究和优化。[结果]2种杀菌剂在0.01～2.00μg/ml范围内线性良好,相关系数分别为0.9990和0.9996。添加2个浓度水平（0.1、0.4mg/kg）2种杀菌剂的在葡萄中的回收率均在90.3%～97.4%,相对标准偏差不大于2%。以3倍信噪比（S/N=3）确定该方法的检出限,多菌灵和噻菌灵分别为0.0035和0.0015mg/kg,均符合农药残留检测的常规要求。[结论]该方法简便、快速、净化效果较好,可同时满足葡萄中2种杀菌剂残留的检验工作需要。 相似文献
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采用高效液相色谱法研究了噻菌灵在苹果和土壤中的残留量检测方法,样品经乙酸乙酯提取,高效液相色谱仪紫外检测器检测,噻菌灵在苹果和土壤中的添加回收率为87.8%～99.8%,相对标准偏差为0.4%～2.3%.噻菌灵在苹果和土壤中消解较快,苹果中半衰期为6.2～9.8 d,土壤中半衰期为11.3～17.8 d;噻菌灵在苹果中安全间隔期为14 d. 相似文献
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Green mould (caused by Penicillium digitatum) is a major cause of postharvest losses in citrus. Residue loading of thiabendazole (TBZ) with application methods typically used in South African packhouses and green mould control was studied. TBZ was applied curatively and protectively in dip, drench and wax coating treatments and fruit were inoculated with a TBZ-sensitive or a TBZ-resistant isolate of P. digitatum. The dip treatments consisted of TBZ concentrations of 0–2000 μg mL−1; fruit were dipped for 60 s at 22 °C at a pH of 7. Residues differed between fruit batches and ranged from 0.5 to 1.7 μg g−1 at 1000 μg mL−1 TBZ. Curative dip treatments almost completely controlled green mould (>96% at 1000 μg mL−1 TBZ). The residue level needed for 75% curative control ranged from 0.06 to 0.22 μg g−1, depending on citrus type. Protective treatments were unreliable and control varied from 17% to 97.9% at 1000 μg mL−1 TBZ between fruit batches. Drench treatments consisted of exposure times of 30, 60 and 90 s with 1000 or 2000 μg mL−1 TBZ. Average TBZ residues were 2.14 μg g−1 for Clementine mandarin fruit and 3.50 μg g−1 for navel orange fruit. Green mould control on navel orange fruit resulted in 66–92%, 34–90% and 9–38% control for curative treatments after 6 and 24 h and protective treatments, respectively, depending on fruit batch. Wax with 4000 μg mL−1 TBZ was applied at 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 L wax ton−1 fruit. Chilling injury was evaluated after fruit storage at −0.5 °C for 40 days. Average TBZ residues loaded was 1.3, 1.3 and 2.7 μg g−1 at the recommended 1.2 L ton−1 for Satsuma mandarin, Clementine mandarin and Valencia orange fruit, respectively. Protective treatments showed lower infection levels (14–20%) than curative treatments (27–40%) for Valencia orange fruit. The same trend was observed with Satsuma (92–95% curative; 87–90% protective) and Clementine mandarin fruit (82–90% curative; 59–88% protective), but control was relatively poor. TBZ application in wax exceeded 5 μg g−1 at higher wax loads (1.2 and 1.8 L ton−1). Wax treatments showed a significant reduction in chilling injury; TBZ had an additive effect. TBZ resistant isolates could not be controlled. 相似文献
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分散固相萃取—高效液相色谱法测定水果中多菌灵和噻菌灵 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析了现行苯并咪唑类农药残留检测方法中存在的问题,并对分散固相萃取—高效液相色谱法检测苯并咪唑类农药残留方法进行了研究。通过对方法的条件进行优化、改进,获得高效、快捷、经济的前处理方法,成功建立了分散固相萃取—高效液相色谱法。其中使用C18和PSA吸附剂组合将多菌灵的回收率由文献中大于110%降到91.8%～104.7%,噻菌灵的回收率由文献中的17%～44%提高到88%～102%,满足了要求。在苹果、香蕉、桃、柑橘、葡萄、草莓6种水果上进行方法验证,研究结果表明,农药浓度在0.01～3.0mg/kg内呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数在0.999以上,平均回收率在88%～104.7%,方法的RSD值小于5%。方法的准确度和精密度都满足要求,为相关标准的制定提供了依据。 相似文献
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