冬季不供热简易产蛋鸡舍的设计与应用研究     

刘文生  仇雪梅 《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》1992,(1):105-111

通过实验表明:在冬季最低气温-28.3℃的黑龙江省密山市饲养产蛋鸡,只要鸡舍保温良好,适当增加鸡的饲养密度,不用供热,也可保持鸡舍内温度在13℃—15℃的最佳鸡产蛋环境温度;在151天的冬季里实验组鸡,按入舍鸡计算平均每只鸡产蛋103.8个,产蛋率为68.74%,仅比对供热取暖鸡舍的对照组鸡群产蛋率低0.5%,故在寒冷的黑龙江省推广产蛋鸡舍冬季不供热是完全可能的,其经济效益也是显著的。  相似文献   

江西三种危害食用菌的绿色霉菌生物学特性研究     

邱贵根  涂寿兰 《江西农业学报》1992,4(2):143-150

本文报道了江西三种危害食用菌的绿色霉菌的生物学特性。它们是:绿色木霉(Trichoderma Viride pers exFn)。产黄青霉(Penicillium Chrysoenum Thom)和构巢曲霉(Aspergillus nidulcms(Eidzm)Winter)。  相似文献   

南瓜新品种龙园栗香的选育     

倪淑君  温玲  王刚  杨忠奎  王喜庆  陈忠 《中国蔬菜》2004,1(4):30-31

龙园栗香南瓜是从日本和韩国引进品种中 ,经分离选育的自交系 93- 12 - 8和 93- 9- 7配制的早熟南瓜一代杂种 ,果实扁圆形 ,果皮墨绿色 ,覆白绿色点条斑纹 ,平均单瓜质量 2 .0kg ,果肉桔黄色 ,可食率达 80% ,肉质香面适口、品质佳。从播种至采收 80d(天 )左右 ,较抗白粉病和病毒病 ,平均产量逾 5 0 0 0 0kg·hm-2 。  相似文献   

不同肥料对毛竹冬笋品质特征的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

郑林水  周紫球  陆媛媛  吴礼栋 《林业科技》2011,36(4):43-45

连续使用3种不同肥料3年后对冬笋品质特征影响的研究结果表明：蛋白质平均含量的百分比比对照减少0.2～0.35,还原米糖含量的百分比比对照减少0.05～0.12,脂肪平均含量中只有处理C的百分比比对照减少0.1,可溶性固形物的含量没有明显变化均为7.5%,粗纤维含量的百分比比对照增加0.07～0.1,砷（As）含量为绿色食品控制标准的12%～20%,铅（Pb）含量为绿色食品控制标准的51%～97%,镉（Cd）含量为绿色食品控制标准的58%～74%。  相似文献   

基于高光谱特征参数的冬小麦氮营养指数估算     

王玉娜  李粉玲  李振发  吕书豪 《麦类作物学报》2023,(11):1475-1483

为了实现快速高精度获取冬小麦氮营养指数的高光谱监测技术，利用美国SVC HR-1024I型野外光谱辐射仪对2017-2019年关中地区的冬小麦进行遥感监测，获取“三边”参数、任意两波段光谱指数和植被指数，通过相关性分析和逐步回归分析方法筛选冬小麦氮营养指数的敏感光谱参数，结合偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)、随机森林算法(RFR)、支持向量机回归(SVR)和梯度增强回归(GBDT)建立冬小麦氮营养指数模型，并对模型估算精度进行验证。结果表明，从拔节期到灌浆期，各时期的氮营养指数与任意两波段光谱指数均呈极显著相关，其中拔节期氮营养指数与任意两波段光谱指数相关性均高于其他时期，且基于一阶导数光谱的归一化光谱指数和比值光谱指数与氮营养指数的相关系数最大，为0.66。拔节期基于梯度增强回归的冬小麦氮营养指数预测模型的决定系数(r²)和均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.96和0.05,模型验证的r²、RMSE和相对预测偏差(RPD)分别为0.95、0.12和2.12,模型预测精度最高。因此，拔节期基于梯度增强回归的冬小麦氮营养指数估算模型可用于冬小麦氮营养监测...  相似文献   

Contribution of green manure legumes to nitrogen dynamics in traditional winter wheat cropping system in the Loess Plateau of China     

《European Journal of Agronomy》2016

Excessive application of N fertilizer in pursuit of higher yields is common due to poor soil fertility and low crop productivity. However, this practice causes serious soil depletion and N loss in the traditional wheat cropping system in the Loess Plateau of China. Growing summer legumes as the green manure (GM) crop is a viable solution because of its unique ability to fix atmospheric N₂. Actually, little is known about the contribution of GM N to grain and N utilization in the subsequent crop. Therefore, we conducted a four-year field experiment with four winter wheat-based rotations (summer fallow-wheat, Huai bean–wheat, soybean–wheat, and mung bean–wheat) and four nitrogen fertilizer rates applied to wheat (0, 108, 135, and 162 kg N/ha) to investigate the fate of GM nitrogen via decomposition, utilization by wheat, and contribution to grain production and nitrogen economy through GM legumes. Here we showed that GM legumes accumulated 53–76 kg N/ha per year. After decomposing for approximately one year, more than 32 kg N/ha was released from GM legumes. The amount of nitrogen released via GM decomposition that was subsequently utilized by wheat was 7–27 kg N/ha. Incorporation of GM legumes effectively replaced 13–48% (average 31%) of the applied mineral nitrogen fertilizer. Additionally, the GM approach during the fallow period reduced the risk of nitrate-N leaching to depths of 0–100 cm and 100–200 cm by 4.8 and 19.6 kg N/ha, respectively. The soil nitrogen pool was effectively improved by incorporation of GM legumes at the times of wheat sowing. Cultivation of leguminous GM during summer is a better option than bare fallow to maintain the soil nitrogen pool, and decrease the rates required for N fertilization not only in the Loess Plateau of China but also in other similar dryland regions worldwide.  相似文献   

How do timing,duration, and intensity of drought stress affect the agronomic performance of winter rye?     

《European Journal of Agronomy》2016

Winter rye (Secale cereale L.) will be especially affected by drought induced yield losses in Central and Eastern Europe in the future because it is predominantly cultivated on low-fertile soils with a poor water-holding capacity. In order to examine the performance of winter rye under different drought conditions, field experiments were carried out during the years 2011, 2012, and 2013 near Braunschweig, Germany. Two sets of genotypes were tested under severe, mild, pre-anthesis, and post-anthesis drought stress in rain-out shelters as well as under rainfed and well-watered conditions. The grain, straw, and total above ground biomass yields, harvest index, grain yield components, leaf area index (LAI), and phenological characteristics were examined, as well as phenotypic correlations between grain yield and further characteristics. Drought induced grain yield reduction ranged from 14 to 57%, while straw yield and harvest index were lesser affected by drought than the grain yield. Under drought conditions, fully ripe was reached up to twelve days earlier than under non water-limited conditions. Pre-anthesis drought mainly reduced spikes m⁻² and kernels spike⁻¹ while drought during grain filling reduced the 1000-kernel weight (TKW) only. The grain yield was positively associated with straw yield, spikes m⁻², and kernels spike⁻¹ under water limited conditions while the TWK was only positively associated with grain yield under drought during grain filling. Consequently, high pre-anthesis biomass as well as high numbers of spikes m⁻² and kernels spike⁻¹ are especially important for obtaining high grain yields under water-limited conditions. Focusing on these traits is, therefore, recommendable for developing drought tolerant rye genotypes.  相似文献   

第24届冬奥会举办地空气质量特征及环境因子响应机制     

陈文婧    王丹丹  陆瑜心  韩旖旎   《西北林学院学报》2021,36(2):1-10

空气质量问题是近些年来广受关注的问题，尤其对国际性盛会冬奥会而言，举办地的空气质量也是其能否举办成功的重要评估标准。为评估冬奥会举办地近6 a空气质量状况及动态变化环境相应机理，该研究收集了2014年以来3个冬奥会场馆所在地（北京延庆、奥体中心和河北张家口）的空气质量数据，分别分析了3个监测点的6个空气质量指标（CO、NO₂、O₃、SO₂、PM_2.5、PM₁₀）的浓度动态，并结合2016年奥体中心的气象数据分析了6个指标环境因子的响应机制，结果表明:1)张家口空气质量相对最佳，PM_2.5达标率均在80%以上，但春季大颗粒物污染仍需治理；2)2014-2019年3个监测点的空气质量有明显改善，尤其张家口SO₂从37.50 μg/m³（2014）降至11.06 μg/m³（2019），但截至2019年奥体中心NO₂仍高于国际标准，气体污染物仍是其治理的重点；3)CO和NO²日变化呈“U型”，O³和SO²为“单峰型”，CO、O₃、SO₂季节变化明显。各空气质量指标的主要影响因子分别为CO-太阳净辐射（R_n）、NO₂-太阳净辐射（R_n）、O₃-空气温度（T_a）、SO₂-空气温度（T_a），其中风速（Ws）与各空气质量指标呈负相关关系；6个指标年最大值（7.6 mg/m³、155.5、186.9、68.4、373.2 μg/m³和465.5 μg/m³）均出现在Ws<1 m/s时；然而，由于各空气质量指标的来源及彼此转换，各空气质量指标之间的相关性强于与环境因子的相关性。  相似文献   

Interactions between crop biomass and development of foliar diseases in winter wheat and the potential to graduate the fungicide dose according to crop biomass     

《Crop Protection》2016

Foliar pathogens such as Zymoseptoria tritici and Puccinia striiformis causing septoria leaf blotch and yellow rust respectively can cause serious yield reduction in winter wheat production, and control of the diseases often requires several fungicide applications during the growing season. Control is typically carried out using a constant fungicide dose in the entire field although there may be large differences in crop development and biomass across the field. The objective of the study reported in this paper was to test whether the fungicide dose response curve controlling septoria leaf blotch and other foliar diseases in winter wheat was dependent on crop development and biomass level. If such a biomass dependent dose response was found it was further the purpose to evaluate the potential to optimize fungicide inputs in winter wheat crops applying a site-specific crop density dependent fungicide dose. The study was carried out investigating fungicide dose response controlling foliar diseases in winter wheat at three biomass densities obtained growing the crop at three nitrogen levels and using variable seed rates. Further the field experiments included three fungicide dose rates at each biomass level, an untreated control, and 75%, 50% and 33% of the recommended fungicide dose rate and the experiments were replicated for three years. Crop biomass had a significant influence on occurrence of septoria and yellow rust with greater disease severity at increasing crop biomass. In two of three years, the interaction of crop biomass and fungicide dose rate had a significant influence on disease severity indicating a biomass-dependent dose response. The interaction occurred in the two years with high yield potential in combination with severe disease attack. If the variation in crop density and biomass level obtained in the study is representative of the variation found cultivating winter wheat in heterogeneous fields, then there seems to be scope for optimizing fungicide input against foliar diseases site-specific adapting the dose according to crop density/biomass.  相似文献   

Effects of cover crop growth and decomposition on the distribution of aggregate size fractions and soil microbial carbon dynamics          下载免费PDF全文

D. Linsler  M. Kaiser  R. Andruschkewitsch  C. Piegholdt  B. Ludwig 《Soil Use and Management》2016,32(2):192-199

Although the effects of cover crops (CC) on various soil parameters have been fully investigated, less is known about the impacts at different stages in CC cultivation. The objective of this study was to quantify the influence of CC cultivation stages and residue placement on aggregates and microbial carbon (C_mic). Additionally, the influence of residue location and crop species on CO₂ emissions and leached mineralized nitrogen (N_min) during the plant degradation period was also investigated. Within an incubation experiment, four CC species were sown in soil columns, with additional columns being kept plant‐free. After plant growth, the columns were frozen (as occurs in winter under field conditions) and then incubated with the plant material either incorporated or surface‐applied. With CC, concentrations of large and medium macroaggregates were twice that of the fallow, confirming positive effects of root growth. Freezing led to a decrease in these aggregate size classes. In the subsequent incubation, the large macroaggregates decreased far more in the samples with CC than in the fallow, leading to similar aggregate size distributions. No difference in C_mic concentration was found among the CC cultivation stages. CO₂ emissions were roughly equivalent to the carbon amounts added as plant residues. Comparison of columns with incorporated or surface‐applied residues indicated no consistent pattern of aggregate distribution, CO₂ emission or C_mic and N_min concentrations. Our results suggest that positive effects of CC cultivation are only short term and that a large amount of organic material in the soil could have a greater influence than CC cultivation.  相似文献