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OBJECTIVE: To review relevant literature on factors associated with the development of equine pleuropneumonia. DESIGN: A review of the literature using a range of databases including Current Contents, Medline, ChemAbstracts, Biological Abstracts and CAB and a comprehensive search strategy which involved use of keywords, author and subject category searches. Additional sources included review of articles cited by key accumulated references. RESULTS: Since the early years of this century, many of the "gaps" in our knowledge of the pathogenesis of this disease have been filled. We now know that equine pleuropneumonia results from contamination of the lower respiratory tract with bacteria similar to the normal oropharyngeal microbiota of the horse and that transportation of any mode, especially over long distances (and consequently with no or short rest periods), is the single most important predisposing factor for this disease. This is associated with restraint of horses such that they are unable to lower their heads, which leads to increased opportunity for lower respiratory tract contamination and a reduced opportunity for clearance. Strenuous exercise also results in lower respiratory tract contamination and exercise subsequent to transportation exerts additive detrimental effects on the defenses of the lower respiratory tract. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: While modern veterinary medicine and surgery have significantly reduced the death rate from pleuropneumonia, horses that develop the disease have a high probability of not returning to their prior use. This underscores the importance of developing the most effective strategies for its prevention. 相似文献
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一株嗜热厌氧菌的分离及其耐高温淀粉酶基因的克隆和表达 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从云南腾冲眼镜泉中分离到1株嗜热厌氧的杆状细菌185y2.根据其生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列同源性分析,将该菌株鉴定为嗜热厌氧杆菌属Thermoanaerobacter sp..该菌的最适生长pH值和温度分别为7.0和70 ℃,具有水解淀粉的能力.从185y2的基因组DNA中扩增出高温淀粉酶结构基因,序列分析表明,它与中温菌的淀粉酶基因亲缘关系较远.克隆其耐高温淀粉酶基因,并构建重组表达载体,最终在E.coli BL21中得到了高效表达. 相似文献
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J. S. Weese 《Equine Veterinary Education》2009,21(7):388-392
Determination of appropriate antimicrobial therapy may be difficult for certain pathogens because of problems isolating the organism, inability to perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing, difficulty in obtaining a definitive diagnosis and lack of standard evidence-based guidelines for treatment. Pathogens such as anaerobes, Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Leptospira spp., Lawsonia intracellularis, Mycoplasma spp. and Mycobacterium spp. present such challenges. While determination of optimal treatment may be more complicated than with other organisms, general recommendations have been made based on knowledge of the organism, data from other species, available in vitro data and clinical observation. 相似文献
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