The humoral immune response to crude outer membrane proteins (comp) of S. typhimurium in mice has been characterized. Maximal and quicker antibody response was observed when 50 micrograms of comp was injected intraperitoneally. The comp of smooth C5 strain of S. typhimurium evoked antibody response to both lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and proteins. Absorption of these sera with LPS coated erythrocytes eliminated the antibodies to LPS completely, while the antibody level to protein was left unaltered. The comp from rough mutant (lacking O-specific chain of LPS) of S. typhimurium elicited antibodies to proteins but not to LPS. These results indicate the concomitant production of antibodies to Salmonella outer membrane proteins also. The significance of such antibodies in protection and diagnosis has been discussed. 相似文献
C57B16 mice were immunized with either live, attenuated TC-83 strain VEE virus vaccine or formalin-inactivated VEE vaccine combined with Bordetella pertussis. The kinetics of specific donor and adoptively-immunized recipient anti-VEE neutralizing antibody responses were studied. Donor mice immunized with either live or inactivated VEE virus vaccine combined with potent adjuvants develop specific anti-VEE IgM and IgG responses as early as 7 days post-immunization. Anti-VEE IgM antibody responses comprise the majority of anti-VEE neutralizing antibody at this early time period. By 14 to 21 days post-immunization, anti-VEE IgG responses predominated. When adoptively-immunized recipients were studied, the anti-VEE IgM to IgG predominance seen in donors early after administration was reversed, and for each time-period studied, recipients' serum anti-VEE antibody class responses consisted principally of IgG rather than IgM antibody. Since T-cells cooperation with B-cells is critical in the IgM-IgG antibody shift, these studies support the critical role T-cells exert in adoptive transfer in a murine model of experimental VEE infection. Furthermore, immunization with either live or inactivated VEE vaccine coupled to a potent adjuvant induce comparable donor and adoptively-immunized recipient anti-VEE antibody class responses. 相似文献
A sheep-pox virus strain has been adapted and multiplied in primary lamb kidney cell cultures. The main characteristics of the strain have been verified in vitro after clones were isolated, and the results confirmed its identity. The safety and the potency of the strain have been investigated in sheep.
The inoculation of the strain to sheep was followed by a post-vaccinal reaction materialised by a nodule at the site of inoculation and an increase of temperature by about 1°C. No reactions adversely affecting pregnancy have been noted. Immunisation was demonstrated by an increase in the level of neutralising serous antibodies and protection against the pathogenic virus. The immunity tended to decrease during the second year after primovaccination and a yearly booster vaccination appeared to be necessary. Primovaccination of lambs over 2 months of age produced a better immunity, especially when the lambs were born from vaccinated ewes.
This strain forms the active principle of a freeze-dried vaccine containing no adjuvant of the immunity. 相似文献
Aerosol administrations of RIT 4030 and other available vaccine strains have been carried out in SPF and in conventional chickens. The results indicate that the RIT 4030 and Ulster 2C strains are significantly less reactogenic than the LaSota and the Hitchner B1 strains.The RIT 4030 strain produces an immune response even when administered to chickens with maternal antibodies and induces a better protection to challenge than the Ulster 2C strain.The replication of the RIT 4030 strain in the respiratory tract will be discussed with respect to its attenuation and transmissibility. 相似文献
A total of 2,722 sera collected between 1963 and 1983, from 43 different species of wildlife in 11 African countries was examined for neutralising antibodies against the wildebeest-derived strain of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) virus. Antibodies were demonstrated in 10 species of Bovidae which included eight species from the sub-family Hippotraginae and one species each from Bovinae and Antilopinae. Neutralising antibodies were also recorded in hippopotamus. It is suggested that the high prevalence of antibodies recorded in sera from waterbuck and reedbuck indicate infection with MCF. However, titres in other species may be due to antigenically related viruses. 相似文献
Antilymphocyte auto-antibodies (ALAA) are defined as antibodies specific for lymphocyte surface determinants and produced in the absence of deliberate immunization with their specific antigen. ALAA are usually detected by the microlymphocytotoxicity test performed at 15°C, but they are also demonstrable by indirect immunofluorescence. ALAA are produced by genetically selected auto-immune mice (NZB, B/W, Swan). Defective thymus immunoregulatory function represents the main factor accounting for ALAA production. Conversely, ALAA may bind preferentially to subsets of T cells responsible for the suppression of various immune responses and therefore contribute to the deficiency of suppressor T cells in auto-immune mice.ALAA have been reported to occur in a wide variety of human diseases including auto-immune (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis), inflammatory or neoplastic diseases, viral bacterial or parasitic infections. Low titres of ALAA were reported in healthy aging subjects. Most of the antigens recognized by human ALAA are expressed on thymocytes, cord blood lymphocytes or peripheral T cells. Exceptional sera display a restricted specificity for a lymphocyte subset. Production of ALAA may result from immunization with cross-reacting antigens (microbial, parasitic or viral) or from alteration or unmasking of self-antigenic structures or it may represent a regulatory process of the immune response. 相似文献
The AA reports the results of vaccination against canine parvovirus (CPV) of pups with maternal antibody, utilizing a modified-live virus (MLV) CPV vaccine having a titer of 107 TCID50/dose. This vaccine was shown to be effective also when HI antibody titers of pups were ≤ 1:80. 相似文献
Groups of striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) were inoculated intramuscularly with graded doses of street rabies virus. At various intervals after inoculation, saliva and sera were tested for rabies virus and neutralizing antibodies, respectively. Skunks that developed rabies were killed in terminal stages of the disease and the following examinations were made: titers of virus and antibody in submandibular salivary glands and brain, extent of immunofluorescence in submandibular salivary glands, and histologic examination of various tissues.
Skunks that received inocula containing 4 × 104 to 4 × 105 mouse intracerebral lethal dose50 (MICLD50) had detectable serum neutralizing antibodies by 7–12 days postinoculation; however, most of the skunks that received lower doses (40 to 4 × 103 MICLD50) did not have detectable serum neutralizing antibodies until clinical signs began. In the salivary glands, slight and extensive immunofluorescence corresponded to high and low titers of tissue neutralizing antibody. Also low viral titers were associated with high tissue neutralizing antibody titers. There was a close correlation between viral titers in right and left submandibular salivary glands.
The results suggest that the immune response can impede the process of infection of the salivary glands resulting in lack of antigen or low amounts of antigen in this tissue. This could occur through interference with centrifugal neural transport of virus and/or neutralization of virus during transfer from neural elements to epithelial cells. Lack of infectious virus or low viral titers in salivary glands containing antigen and high levels of tissue neutralizing antibodies can be caused partly by postmortem virus neutralization (during viral titration). 相似文献
African horsesickness (AHS) is a serious, non-contagious disease of horses and other solipeds caused by an arthropod-borne orbivirus of the family Revoiridae. In horses, AHS causes three distinct clinicopathologic syndromes, the pulmonary, cardiac and fever forms of the disease. Recent work has shown that the primary determinant of the form of disease expressed by naive horses is the virulence of the virus inoculum. Horses which recover from AHS exhibit solid humoral immunity against homologous challenge. Protective antibodies appear to be directed towards neutralizing epitopes on AHS virus VP2. The relationship of neutralization to protection and vaccination is discussed. 相似文献
Haemophilus equigenitalis could be isolated repeatedly from seven mares and two stallions (all trotters) of a stud farm in Northern Germany, which had encountered reproductive problems. Morphological, cultural and biochemical identification of H. equigenitalis was confirmed serologically, particularly by positive slide agglutination reactions with specific antibodies adsorbed to protein A-positive staphylococci. 相似文献
