外源甜菜碱对作物的抗旱作用效果研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

张建新  徐福利  吕家珑  李亚兰  李东 《干旱地区农业研究》2003,21(2):86-90

通过小麦浸种、水培、大面积喷施和茄子盆栽试验,研究了不同浓度外源甜菜碱对作物的抗旱作用效果。结果表明:外源甜菜碱浓度为25～50mg/L时可促进小麦种子发芽,光合作用强度[达7.07～7.57μmol/(s·m~2)]及生物学产量增加;在外源甜菜碱浓度100 mg/L时小麦幼苗叶片硝酸还原酶活性最高,达到35.23μg/(g·h),同时小麦抗旱性增强。数学模式寻优结果表明:在外源甜菜碱浓度26.4～68.9mg/L,土壤水分含量12.6％～20.7％时,可获得最佳的茄子生物总量。  相似文献   

旱作条件下转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因水稻籽粒灌浆特性的研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

孙耀中  东方阳  刘永军  郭学民  杨晓玲  寇亚丽 《干旱地区农业研究》2004,22(2):41-46

在旱作条件下,对转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶(BADH)基因水稻的3个品系(52-7、51-15、51-22)、受体亲本中花8号(ck1)和当地推广的以色列陆稻白珍珠(ck2)的籽粒灌浆特性进行了比较分析。结果表明:5个品种(系)的强、弱势粒灌浆过程均符合Richards模型,强、弱势粒灌浆为异步灌浆型。三个转BADH基因品系与其受体亲本相比,强、弱势粒的灌浆速率提高,活跃灌浆期延长,灌浆高峰期的籽粒重增加;籽粒灌浆中、后期,强势粒的灌浆天数缩短,强、弱势粒的平均灌浆速率提高,且不同粒位籽粒灌浆速率差异减小,最终使不同粒位籽粒大小的差异缩小和粒重增加。最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率和灌浆高峰期的粒重与千粒重存在显著正相关。  相似文献   

Betaine Alleviates Heat Stress-Induced Hepatic and Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage in Broilers     

Chao Wen  Zhixian Leng  Yueping Chen  Liren Ding  Tian Wang  Yanmin Zhou 《The Journal of Poultry Science》2021,58(2):103

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary betaine (BET) on growth performance, redox state, and related gene expression in broilers under heat stress (HS). A total of 144 21-day-old male broiler chickens with similar body weights were assigned randomly to three treatments with six replicates (eight chickens per replicate cage). Broilers in the control (CON) group were kept at thermoneutral (TN, 22±1°C) conditions and fed a basal diet until they were 42 days of age. Broilers in the other two groups (defined as HS and HS + BET) were exposed to HS (34±1°C, 8 h/day) and fed the basal diet without or with 1000 mg/kg BET, respectively. Rectal and cockscomb temperature of broilers was increased (P<0.05) in HS and HS + BET groups compared with the CON group, whereas there was no difference between HS and HS + BET groups. Dietary BET supplementation restored (P<0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of broilers and reversed (P<0.05) the increase in serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver tissue of broilers under HS. The HS + BET group had higher (P<0.05) activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the liver tissue and mitochondria than the HS group, and the same pattern was observed for glutathione (GSH) and GSH/glutathione disulphide (GSSG) in the liver tissue. The decreased mRNA levels of GPX1 and uncoupling protein (UCP) in the liver induced by HS were restored by BET supplementation. In conclusion, dietary BET supplementation can alleviate HS-induced hepatic and mitochondrial oxidative damage of broilers by regulating mRNA expressions of GPX1 and UCP.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary betaine levels on growth performance and hepatic intermediary metabolism of GIFT strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus reared in freshwater     

Z. LUO  X.‐Y. TAN  X.‐J. LIU  H. WEN 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2011,17(4):361-367

An 8‐week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary betaine levels on the growth performance and hepatic intermediary metabolism of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (mean initial body weight: 78.3 ± 1.3 g, means ± SD). Six practical diets were formulated with the incorporation of betaine at the levels of 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 g kg⁻¹. Survival showed no significant differences among the treatments (P > 0.05). The highest and lowest weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were observed for fish fed the diets containing 5 and 0 g kg⁻¹ (control) betaine, respectively. Feed intake showed similar trend with WG and SGR. In contrast, feed conversion ratio was the lowest when dietary betaine level was 5 g kg⁻¹. In general, dietary betaine supplementation showed no significant effect on hepatic composition of tilapia. Condition factor and viscerosomatic index tended to increase with increasing dietary betaine levels from 0 to 5 g kg⁻¹ and then decline when dietary betaine levels further increased from 5 to 25 g kg⁻¹. In contrast, hepatosomatic index declined with increasing dietary betaine levels (P < 0.05). Dietary betaine levels significantly influenced several hepatic enzymatic activities, including succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase, suggesting that dietary betaine addition had significant effects on nutrient metabolism in the liver. Based on the second‐order polynomial regression analysis of WG, 12.5 g kg⁻¹ of dietary betaine level seemed optimal for genetically improved farmed tilapia strain of O. niloticus.  相似文献   

中药甜菜碱复方对高温环境下三黄鸡某些血液生化指标的影响     

吴凌锋  安立龙  许英梅  张土保  董喜芳  李润基  孔鹏 《中兽医医药杂志》2007,26(6):7-11

试验选取15日龄的三黄鸡288只,随机分为8组。高温对照组仅喂基础日粮,中药Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.4%、0.8%、1.2%的中药,中药-甜菜碱Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.4%中药-0.2%甜菜碱、0.8%中药-0.2%甜菜碱、1.2%中药-0.2%甜菜碱,甜菜碱组在基础日粮中添加0.2%甜菜碱,探讨中药甜菜碱复方对高温环境下三黄鸡血液生化指标的影响。结果:①42日龄,在日粮中添加1.2%中药-0.2%甜菜碱试验组0.8%中药-0.2%甜菜碱试验组母鸡血清血糖含量分别比高温对照组高26.5%(P<0.05)、19.4%(P<0.05);在日粮中添加1.2%中药-0.2%甜菜碱试验组公鸡血清血糖含量比高温对照组高24.3%(P<0.05);②42日龄,在日粮中添加1.2%中药-0.2%甜菜碱试验组母鸡血清白蛋白含量比高温对照组高34.5%(P<0.05);在日粮中添加1.2%中药-0.2%甜菜碱试验组公鸡血清白蛋白含量比高温对照组高18.8%(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,中药甜菜碱复方能提高高温环境下三黄鸡血清总蛋白、白蛋白、血糖的含量,以在日粮中添加1.2%中药-0.2%甜菜碱复方效果最明显。  相似文献   

中药-甜菜碱复方对高温环境下三黄鸡营养代谢的影响     

效梅  安立龙  冯业  姚海玲  许英梅 《家畜生态学报》2007,28(6):16-24

本试验通过研究中药、中药-甜菜碱及甜菜碱对高温环境下三黄鸡营养代谢的影响,筛选出其最佳添加剂量,为进一步开发抗高温应激中药饲料添加剂提供参考.选用288只三黄鸡,公、母各半.育雏2周后,随机分为8组,在日粮中添加中药、中药-甜菜碱或甜菜碱,分别测定33～35日龄、56～58日龄及88～90日龄鸡的钙、磷代谢率,蛋白质、能量代谢率,以及在代谢试验期间的采食量、体增重.结果显示,与高温对照组相比,(1)在33～35日龄段,添加中药、中药-甜菜碱及甜菜碱均能显著提高公、母鸡的钙、磷、蛋白质代谢率和采食量、体增重;(2)在56～58日龄段,添加中药组、中药-甜菜碱组及甜菜碱组均能显著提高公、母鸡的钙、磷、蛋白质代谢率和在代谢试验期间的采食量、体增重以及公鸡的能量利用率;(3)在88～90日龄段,中药、中药-甜菜碱和甜菜碱均能显著提高高温环境中公、母鸡的钙、磷、蛋白质代谢率和采食量,公鸡的能量利用率和体增重.中药-甜菜碱复方抗三黄鸡热应激的最佳添加量为0.8%中药 0.2%甜菜碱.  相似文献   

甜菜碱含量的测定方法比较     

杨雪  王洪荣  邹益东  朱建泉 《饲料工业》2013,(7):48-51

甜菜碱含量的测定方法有很多种,包括酸碱滴定法、紫外分光光度法、高氯酸非水滴定法、离子色谱法等。各种方法均有其优缺点,综合考虑,离子色谱法与非水滴定法的测定结果较好。为比较这两种方法哪种更准确、更方便,设计如下实验。选取5种含量不同的甜菜碱产品,分别用非水滴方法和离子色谱法测定5种产品的甜菜碱含量。实验结果表明,离子色谱法测定的甜菜碱含量与真实值较接近,非水滴定法测定的甜菜碱含量比真实值偏高。  相似文献   

不同时期添加甜菜碱对肉鸡生产性能和脂肪代谢的影响   总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13  

王俊东  李俊平  张建峰  郝俊虎  梁建学  郭玉红 《中国兽医学报》2004,24(1):87-91

36 0只 1日龄健康艾维茵 (Avian)肉鸡随机分为 6组 (每组 6 0只 ) ,分别为对照组和第 、 、 、 、 组 ,试验期7周。第 ～ 组分别于不同时期添加同一剂量的甜菜碱 (10 0 0 mg/ kg,0 .1% ) ,添加时间依次为 1～ 7周 ,2～ 4周 ,3～ 5周 ,4～ 6周 ,5～ 7周。结果表明 :不同时期添加甜菜碱均能促进肉鸡体增重 ,降低腹脂率 ,与对照组相比 ,第 、 、 、 、 组 7周末体质量分别高出 8.0 1% (P<0 .0 1)、5 .0 1% (P<0 .0 5 )、4 .4 7% (P<0 .0 5 )、2 .2 4 % (P>0 .0 5 )、2 .0 9% (P>0 .0 5 ) ;腹脂率分别降低 19.5 6 % (P<0 .0 1)、6 .0 9% (P<0 .0 5 )、13.4 8% (P<0 .0 1)、15 .6 5 % (P<0 .0 1)、12 .17% (P<0 .0 5 ) ;第 组体质量在第 3、4周末超过第 组 ,从 6周龄开始 ,各组间体质量差异逐渐缩小 ;试验组皮脂厚度 ,胸、腿肌中甘油三酯含量较对照组有不同程度增加 (厚 ) ,但肝脏中甘油三酯含量各试验组均低于对照组 ;血清生化指标动态变化呈现一定的规律性 ,其中血清总蛋白含量较稳定 ,总氨基酸含量随周龄逐渐升高 ,甘油三酯 5～ 6周高于 1～ 3周 ,游离脂肪酸含量随周龄呈下降趋势 ,血清尿酸呈现缓 U型变化曲线。结论 :(1)不同时期添加 0 .1%甜菜碱可促进肉鸡体增重 ,降低腹脂率 ,引起体内脂肪重新分  相似文献   

甜菜碱对热应激肉鸡生产性能的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄志毅  安立龙  郑枢  邵少贞  邓素军  许英梅 《家畜生态》2004,25(1):25-29

选用1日龄的肉仔鸡(麻鸡与隐性白的杂交一代)120只在常规状态下饲养至17日龄后进行试验。在试验期内,肉鸡被随机分成3组,并饲养在热应激环境中,对照组喂基础日粮,第 组、 组分别在基础日粮中添加0.1%、0.3%的甜菜碱。试验期内,定期测定采食量,增重等生产性能指标,81日龄时测定屠宰率。结果表明:在17～57日龄,与对照组相比较,第 组公鸡平均增重提高了278.9克/只,母鸡平均增重提高了218.7克/只,差异极显著(P<0.01)。与对照组相比较,第 组公鸡平均增重提高了0.2克/只、母鸡平均增重提高了17.6克/只,差异不显著(P>0.05);在采食量方面,对照组、第 组、第 组分别是:公鸡61.05克/只·日、66.12克/只·日、65.84克/只·日,母鸡46.68克/只·日、54.97克/只·日、53.59克/(只·日),三组差异不显著;与对照组相比较,第 组公鸡饲料转化率提高了0.5,差异显著(P<0.05);第 组母鸡饲料转化率提高了0.19,差异显著(P<0.05);与对照组相比较,第 组公鸡饲料转化率减少了0.22,差异显著(P<0.05);第 组母鸡饲料转化率减少了0.26,差异显著(P<0.05);对照组、第 组、第 组肉鸡的屠宰率分别是公鸡91.15%、90.90%、91.05%,母鸡91.70%、91.55%、91.85%,各组的屠宰率差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果证明,适量甜菜碱可以缓解热应激对肉鸡的不  相似文献   

Responses to betaine and inorganic sulphur of sheep in growth performance and fibre growth     

M. Nezamidoust  M. Alikhani  G. R. Ghorbani  M. A. Edriss 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2014,98(6):1031-1038

Sulphur‐containing amino acids (SAA) are essential and usually the first limiting amino acids for growth, milk and wool production. The keratin fibre that grows from epidermal tissue is rich in SAA. The rate of fibre growth and its S content are influenced by the availability of SAA. Betaine is a dietary source for a labile methyl group and actively participates in methionine metabolism by donating methyl groups for the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. Ruminants are capable of synthesizing SAA from inorganic S sources, and most bacteria in the rumen can use inorganic S to meet their requirements for growth. The objective of this study was to examine whether betaine and an inorganic sulphur supplement could provide methyl groups and sulphur amino acids in a way that growth performance and wool production of ewes and lambs are improved. Treatments performed included betaine supplementation, sulphate supplementation and betaine plus sulphate supplementation with five replications for each treatment. The dry matter intake of the ewes was affected by betaine plus sulphate supplementation (p < 0.05). In the ewes, betaine plus sulphate supplementation increased (p < 0.05) the wool growth rate, wool yield, staple length and wool sulphur concentration, while decreasing wool wax and wool yellowness (p < 0.05). In the lambs, wool growth rate, wool yield, fibre diameter, staple length, staple strength, wool sulphur concentration, wool wax and fibre percentage did not differ (p > 0.05) between treatments. In the ewes, plasma methionine concentration increased (p < 0.05) with betaine plus sulphate treatment. No corresponding difference (p > 0.05) was observed in plasma methionine concentration in the lambs. It can be concluded that betaine plus sulphate supplementation has the potential to change wool characteristics in the ewes, while these compounds were without any effect on growth and wool production of the lambs. Combining the two supplements was advantageous.  相似文献