The potential for the Rapid Screening of Potato Cultivars (Solanum tuberosum) for Resistance to Powdery Scab (Spongospora subterranea) using a Laboratory Bioassay   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

U. Merz  V. Martinez  R. Schwärzel 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(1):71-77

Powdery scab of potato, once established in a field, is difficult to control because of the longevity of the resting spores (cystosori) of the causal organism, Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea. Host resistance is likely to be the most efficient in a long-term control strategy for preventing build-up of field inoculum and spread of the disease. Resistance screening of potato cultivars is mostly done in laborious field trials where disease development is likely to be unpredictable. A bioassay with potato tissue cultured plantlets and cystosori as inoculum is described and was tested for its potential to screen potato cultivars at an early stage for their relative susceptibility to powdery scab by comparing the lab results with field data. With cystosori inoculum of Swiss origin, the laboratory test showed clear differences between the potato cultivars in the severity of zoosporangial root infection which correlated better with ranked tuber infection data, compared to root galling. There are apparent differences in the relative trends in susceptibility between roots and tubers of five selected cultivars when using naturally infested soil instead of prepared cystosori as inoculum in the lab bioassay. Furthermore, differences in the severity of zoosporangial root infection of two selected cultivars were found when cystosori from different countries where used as inoculum. A possible host genotype × pathogen interaction is discussed. The bioassay has the potential to screen and select for resistant material at an early breeding stage thus making field trials not unnecessary but more economical. It will allow the use of a standard set of pathogen collections and facilitate testing for inoculum virulence in infested soils.  相似文献   

Genotypic diversity of Pasteurella multocida isolates from pigs and poultry in Australia          下载免费PDF全文

C Turni  R Singh  PJ Blackall 《Australian veterinary journal》2018,96(10):390-394

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鸽新城疫的流行与防控     

叶有超  胡俊峰  韩青松  高小龙  刘素贞  段龙川  简永利  涂宜强  董丽艳 《畜牧与饲料科学》2020,41(5):107-111

鸽新城疫是由新城疫病毒感染鸽群引起的传染病, 在世界各国鸽场均有流行。介绍了鸽新城疫流行情况及特点, 流行毒株的基因型、病毒的毒力、病毒的抗原特性, 提出在做好鸽场内生物安全控制和精细化管理基础上, 使用市售新城疫疫苗进行合理免疫是鸽新城疫防控的关键。  相似文献   

Whole-genome sequence of a novel Chinese cyprinid herpesvirus 3 isolate reveals the existence of a distinct European genotype in East Asia     

《Veterinary microbiology》2015,175(2-4):185-194

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV3), also known as koi herpesvirus (KHV), can be subdivided primarily into European and Asian genotypes, which are represented by CyHV3-U or CyHV3-I and CyHV3-J, respectively. In this study, the whole genome sequence of a novel Chinese CyHV3 isolate (GZ11) was determined and annotated. CyHV3-GZ11 genome was found to contain 295,119 nucleotides with 52.9% G/C content, which is highly similar to those of published CyHV3-U, CyHV3-I, and CyHV3-J strains. With reference to CyHV3-U, CyHV3-I, and CyHV3-J, CyHV3-GZ11 was also classified into 164 open reading frames (ORF), which include eight repeated ORFs. On the basis of the 12 alloherpeviruses core genes, results from phylogenetic analysis showed that CyHV3-GZ11 had closer evolutionary relationships with CyHV3-U and CyHV3-I than with CyHV3/KHV-J, which were also supported by genome wide-based single nucleotide substitution analysis and the use of a series of developed molecular markers. This study was the first to reveal the presence of a distinct European CyHV3 genotype in East and Southeast Asia at a whole genome level, which will evoke new insights on exploring the origin, evolution, and epidemiology of the virus.  相似文献   

Identification of Molecular Marker Fragments Associated with Combining Ability for Quality Traits in Parents of Hybrid japonica Rice (Oryza sativa L.)     

Yang LIU  Er-bao LIU  Si-yuan ZENG  Wei PU  Qiang-ming LIU  Li-jun LIANG  Pei-rui LIU  Qi-meng ZHANG  De-lin HONG 《中国水稻科学》2015,29(4):373

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卢氏绿壳蛋鸡壳色性状的AY493302标记     

王丹华  雷雪芹  徐廷生  高灵照  张小辉  肖赞奇 《兽医大学学报》2012,(9):1374-1377

卢氏鸡是我国唯一片羽型的可产绿壳蛋的地方鸡种,壳色有绿壳和褐壳2种颜色。本研究采集131只卢氏绿壳蛋鸡,45只卢氏褐壳蛋鸡及18只地方白壳蛋鸡的血液,提取基因组DNA,用微卫星AY493302标记探讨了这3种壳色的基因型差异。结果表明,微卫星AY493302在卢氏绿壳蛋鸡、卢氏褐壳蛋鸡以及地方白壳蛋鸡之间基因型分布差异极显著,基因型AA（225bp/225bp）在卢氏鸡中的频率为0.396 9,且只在卢氏绿壳蛋鸡中出现。其A基因频率在卢氏绿壳蛋鸡、卢氏褐壳蛋鸡和地方白壳蛋鸡中分别为0.698 5,0.500 0,0.500 0。进一步进行测序发现,卢氏绿壳蛋鸡AA基因型在19bp处碱基和217bp处碱基均为G,但卢氏绿壳蛋鸡AB基因型在19bp处碱基却为C,在217bp处碱基与绿壳蛋鸡AA基因型同为G。卢氏褐壳蛋鸡AB基因型和地方白壳蛋鸡的AB基因型则表现在19bp处碱基为C,217bp处碱基为T。AA基因型的序列与NCBI数据库中红色原鸡比较,达99%同源的序列有V00425.1、J02015.1和NW_003763484.1,均位于鸡的1号染色体上。该微卫星标记的群体杂合度、群体多态信息含量在卢氏绿壳蛋鸡中都低于卢氏褐壳蛋鸡和地方白壳蛋鸡。尽管在所研究的卢氏绿壳群体中只有39.7%的个体表现为纯合AA基因型,但卢氏褐壳蛋鸡和地方白壳蛋鸡中没有该基因型,故而认为微卫星AY493302的纯合AA基因型可以作为对卢氏绿壳蛋鸡进行分子标记辅助选择的基因型。  相似文献   

参考群筛选方法及规模对基因型填充准确性的影响     

阳文攀  叶绍潘  叶浩强  林清  魏趁  张志刚  张细权  陈赞谋  张哲 《畜牧兽医学报》2021,52(12):3357-3365

为探究基于A矩阵期望遗传关系最大化（maximizing the expected genetic relationship for matrix A,RELA）、基于A矩阵目标群体遗传方差最小化（minimized the target population genetic variance for matrix A,MCA）、平均亲缘关系最大化（the highest mean kinship coefficients,KIN）、随机选择（random selection,RAN）、共同祖先筛选（common ancestor,CA）等不同参考群筛选方法及参考群规模对基因型填充准确性的影响。本研究使用矮小型黄羽肉鸡作为试验群体,采用鸡600K SNP芯片（Affymetrix Axion HD genotyping array）进行基因分型,测定435羽子代公鸡45、56、70、84、91日龄体重。利用Beagle软件将低密度SNP芯片填充为高密度SNP芯片数据,比较不同参考群筛选方法、参考群规模对基因型填充准确性的影响,以及填充芯片基因组预测准确性。结果表明,使用Beagle 4.0结合系谱信息进行填充效果最佳,其次为Beagle 4.0,而Beagle 5.1填充效果最差。使用MCA方法筛选参考群进行基因型填充准确性最高,使用RAN方法筛选参考群进行基因型填充准确性最低,MCA、RELA、CA 3种方法基因型填充准确性差别较小。相比其他方法,使用MCA方法筛选个体作为参考群将低密度SNP芯片填充至高密度SNP芯片进行基因组选择的预测准确性较高,与真实高密度SNP芯片的基因组预测准确性相差甚微。随着参考群规模增大,基因型填充准确性也随之增加,但增速逐渐下降,最后趋于平缓。综上所述,可以通过参考群筛选方法构建参考群以及控制参考群规模,以保证基因型填充和基因组预测准确性并节省成本,本研究为基因型填充在畜禽遗传育种中的应用提供技术参考。  相似文献   

皱皮香猪HAS2基因SNPs的鉴定及生物信息学分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

吴行雕  石道宏  黄世会  牛熙  李升  王嘉福  冉雪琴 《畜牧兽医学报》2021,52(12):3390-3402

为了探究皱皮香猪全身性皮肤褶皱是否与透明质酸合成酶2（hyaluronan synthase 2,HAS2）基因变异有关,本研究以普通香猪为对照,采用特异性PCR方法克隆HAS2基因的外显子编码区,应用生物信息学方法分析测定基因编码区的碱基变异,检测变异位点在群体中的分布频率。结果显示,皱皮香猪HAS2基因中检测到4个SNPs位点：位于外显子1的T221A错义突变（导致亮氨酸替换为赖氨酸）和A228G同义突变,位于外显子2的T183C和外显子4的C537T同义突变。生物信息学分析发现,T221A和A228G位点构成4种单倍型,其中T-A为皱皮香猪群体的主要单倍型（27.5%）,且在皱皮香猪群体中紧密连锁（r²=0.253）,而且T221A和A228G突变可引起mRNA自由能和蛋白质结构发生变化,TA组合的自由能为-573.29 kJ·mol^-1,TG组合的自由能为-580.89 kJ·mol^-1,AG组合的自由能为-572.66 kJ·mol^-1;AA组合的自由能为-571.03 kJ·mol^-1;蛋白序列中亮氨酸替换为赖氨酸后,α螺旋由35.52%降为32.97%,自由卷曲由43.17%升至44.51%,同时引起蛋白序列三级结构的改变。位点T221A和A228G在香猪群体中呈现出丰富的多态性,均表现出3种基因型;关联分析结果显示,皱皮香猪T221A位点的A等位基因频率显著高于普通香猪（P<0.05）,A228G位点中皱皮香猪的G等位基因频率极显著高于普通香猪（P<0.01）。T183C位点的C等位基因频率和C537T位点的T等位基因频率在皱皮香猪和普通香猪间未达到显著性差异（P>0.05）。研究结果揭示,HAS2基因的外显子1中发生的两个碱基变异可能影响基因转录后mRNA的稳定性以及蛋白的三维结构,影响HA的合成量,并与皱皮香猪体侧皮肤不均匀增厚且发生褶皱有关。  相似文献   

Isolation and Identification of BPIV3 Genotype C     

RAN Xu-hua  ZHANG Yao  CAO Si  LU Yuan-he  ZHANG Ling-ling  LIU Yang-yang  NI Hong-bo  ZHU Zhan-bo  WEN Xiao-bo 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(5):1368-1373

To identify the infection agents from Ningxia Hui Autonomous region, where feedlot cattle indicated bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), the M gene of the bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 was amplified by RT-PCR.The PCR product was ligated to pMD18-T vector and cloned to E.coli DH5α.The positive clones were sequenced and compared with the reference strains in GenBank by the molecular biology software.Sequence alignment results showed that a BPIV3 strain was isolated from the samples and named NX49, the M gene of NX49 included 1 056 nucleotides.Evolutionary analysis showed that the NX49 belonged to BPIV3 C genotype and shared 99.4% nucleotide identity with that of the SD0835 isolated in Shandong province.The characterization of the NX49 demonstrated that it was sensitive to temperature, acid and organic matter.The presence of Mg²⁺ showed no protection against the treatment at high temperature.The HA test suggested that the NX49 enables to agglutinate the guinea pig RBC at 4 ℃ and the titer was 1∶4.The study isolated a BPIV3 genotype C strain successfully, which facilitate the study of molecular evolution and epidemiology of BPIV3 in China.  相似文献   

Evaluation of sire by environment interactions for growth rate and backfat depth using reaction norm models in pigs          下载免费PDF全文

L. Li  S. Hermesch 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2016,133(5):429-440

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