拮抗细菌菌株Bacillus spp.间的相互作用及其对水稻纹枯病的抑制   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

李湘民  胡白石  许志刚  Mew T. W. 《植物保护学报》2003,30(3):273-278

测定了6个Bacillus spp.和1个Pseudomonas sp.P-13(G-对照菌株)在PPM培养基上的相互作用。在总共42个组合中，有27个组合是可亲和性的。在以B5423为单剂之一的5个组合中，亲和性的组合有4个。在温室条件下通过分批播种，在水稻分蘖盛期喷以B5423-R(B5423的标记菌株，是利福平抗性的突变体)为单剂之一的4个亲和性组合的菌悬浮液，以检测该组合中B5423-R在水稻茎基部的种群数量。结果发现，与单剂B5423-R相比，在应用1～7天内，组合B5423-R B45中，B5423-R的群体数量显著性降低；组合B5423-R B95、B5423-R B77中，B5423-R的群体数量与单剂无显著差异；组合B5423-R B4313中，B5423-R的群体数量在应用1～4天内与单剂无显著性差异，但在应用第7天显著地高于单剂。离体叶片纹枯病痛斑面积的抑制试验表明，与各自的单剂相比，组合B95 B5423及B95 Er77显著地抑制了纹枯病病斑面积；而组合B45 B80、B45 B5423和B45 B95纹枯病病斑面积显著地高于各自的单剂；其余10个组合与各自的单剂无显著差异。  相似文献   

哈茨木霉几丁质酶诱导及其对水稻纹枯病菌的拮抗作用   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

柳良好  徐同 《植物病理学报》2003,33(4):359-363

 在实验室条件下分别以几丁质和水稻纹枯病菌(Rhizoctonia solani)细胞壁作唯一碳源诱导哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)菌株NF9、TC3和P1产生几丁质酶,用硫酸铵沉淀法制备几丁质酶粗提液。上述木霉菌株内切几丁质酶活性(对胶体几丁质浑浊度的减少率)分别为79.8%、74.4%和76.0%,均显著高于非诱导的阳性对照。培养第5 d几丁质诱导的木霉菌株NF9和TC3内切几丁质酶活性显著高于由水稻纹枯病菌细胞壁诱导的酶活性。体外测定表明,通过诱导的木霉菌株TC3、NF9和P1几丁质酶粗提液对水稻纹枯病病菌的拮抗圈直径可达38、21和23 mm,与非诱导的阳性对照比较有显著性差异。对木霉几丁质酶拮抗作用的特点及生防应用进行了讨论。  相似文献   

The mechanical roles of the clasping leaf sheath in cereals: Two case studies from oat and wheat plants     

Wei Wu  Bao–Luo Ma 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2020,206(1):118-129

Stem lodging is a common problem in cereal crop production and a main constraint for grain yield improvement. The leaf sheath that surrounds and protects the hollow internodes of stem could provide the plants with a great physical support. However, this biomechanical function has been ignored for several decades in cereal crops. This study aimed to examine the biomechanical properties of basal stem internodes and lodging susceptibility of the whole plants with or without the clasping leaf sheath in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) among different genotypes and agronomic practices (including planting densities and nitrogen application rates). The main objective was to quantify the mechanical role of the leaf sheath in oat and wheat crops by a “safety factor” method. On average, the leaf sheath contributed 40%, 68% and 38% of the overall stem bending strength, flexural rigidity and safety factor, in oat, while it accounted for 11%, 24% and 10%, respectively, in wheat plants. The significant contribution of the leaf sheath is due to its vital role in enlarging the peripheral position (i.e., second moment of area) and stiffness (i.e., Young's modulus). The contribution ratios (%) were found to be higher in oat than in wheat plants, due to the greater mass density of leaf sheath and more proficient/prevailing stay-green capability in oat genotypes. This study emphasizes the important mechanical role of clasping leaf sheath on stem internodes of cereals and indicates that the stay-green trait of the leaf sheath can be exploited to design appropriate varieties with improved lodging resistance and great yield potential.  相似文献   

巴马县超级稻纹枯病的发生特点与防控对策     

莫桂康  ;韦袭芹 《现代农业科技》2014,(14):118-119

超级稻是巴马县近年来主推的重要水稻品系之一。由于其生长旺盛,在生育中后期长势浓郁,稻秆基部易遭受纹枯病的侵染危害。对该县甲篆乡等乡镇超级稻纹枯病的发生进行调查,分析其发病的主要原因,并提出有效的防治对策,以供稻田生产参考。  相似文献   

CORRELATIONS AMONG ULTRASONOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS OF OPTIC NERVE SHEATH DIAMETER,AGE, AND BODY WEIGHT IN CLINICALLY NORMAL HORSES          下载免费PDF全文

Stacy D. Cooley  Peter V. Scrivani  Margret S. Thompson  Nita L. Irby  Thomas J. Divers  Hollis N. Erb 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2016,57(1):49-57

Early diagnosis of high intracranial pressure (ICP) is critical for minimizing progressive brain injury due to reduced cerebral perfusion. In people, detecting enlargement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) by transpalpebral ultrasonography has been found to be an accurate test for high ICP. Aims of this prospective, observational, cross‐sectional study were to test hypotheses that (1) ultrasonographic measurement of ONSD would be repeatable in horses, (2) have acceptable interobserver agreement, and (3) would be correlated with age and body weight. The sample population included 48 horses without clinical signs of high ICP and with varying ages and body weights. Two observers independently performed ONSD measurements in both eyes. All measurements ranged from 2.6 to 6.5 mm. The mean difference of repeated measures within observers was ≤0.1 mm and the coefficients of variation ranged from 5.0% to 8.8%. The mean difference of measures between observers was ≤0.2 mm. After correcting for performing multiple tests, no significant rank correlation (all r < 0.4 [absolute value]) was detected between ONSD and age or body weight. However, we observed smaller ONSD in foals versus adults (all P ≤ 0.002). In the foals, all observed measures of rostrocaudal and dorsoventral ONSD were <5 mm. In the adults, all observed measures of rostrocaudal and dorsoventral ONSD were ≤6.5 mm. Findings indicated that ultrasonographic ONSD measurement is a feasible test for use in horses of varying ages and sizes. Further investigation of this ultrasonographic measure as a clinical test for horse with suspected high ICP is warranted.  相似文献   

大王椰安全管理探讨     

徐桂红  魏曼琳  戴耀良 《广东园林》2020,42(5):37-41

棕榈科植物大王椰Roystonea regia,因其较高观赏价值和优秀抗台风能力,在我国热带、亚热带地区被广泛用作园林绿化树种。但由于其叶片掉落而伤人损物的事件频发,大王椰的安全问题引起多方关注并积极寻求解决之道。分别从大王椰自身的不安全因素角度和潜在的人员财产危害角度,将安全隐患进行梳理和分类。针对最普遍和潜在危险最大的现存成年大王椰树叶掉落风险,提出3种应对措施——隔离、修剪和捆绑叶鞘。通过比较各措施的应用场景和特点,提出因地制宜选择相应措施,推荐使用棕绳绑扎叶鞘方式的建议。此外,进行了将安全清除的枯死大王椰树干应用到园林花境的尝试。  相似文献   

野生老芒麦种质资源鉴定与基部叶鞘绒毛变异分析     

李明峰  李欣瑞  李英主  陈丽丽  王艳  李春艳  常丹  雷雄  闫利军  游明鸿  季晓菲  张昌兵  吴婍  苟文龙  李达旭  陈仕勇  白史且  鄢家俊 《草地学报》2023,31(4):1026-1035

为更好地利用老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus L.)野生资源,本研究从我国青藏高原、西北、华北、东北地区以及国外部分地区共采集了1 723份野生披碱草属种质资源,通过表型特征观测和流式细胞仪检测,共鉴定出了990份野生老芒麦种质,246份垂穗披碱草种质,并测得老芒麦的DNA含量在5.86～7.30 Gb之间,平均DNA含量为6.66 Gb;垂穗披碱草材料的DNA含量在9.50～10.36 Gb之间,平均DNA含量为9.97 Gb。研究结果显示,在西北、华北以及东北地区的部分野生老芒麦材料在苗期基部叶鞘出现了绒毛,分析发现该表型出现的概率与经度和纬度呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),与海拔、年年均气温以及年平均降雨量呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01)。表明老芒麦苗期基部叶鞘绒毛的有无与环境因子之间存在着必然的联系,可能是老芒麦种质应对不同环境类型的适应性机制之一。本研究为老芒麦的形态鉴定提供了新的依据,为老芒麦种质资源挖掘和育种应用提供了材料基础。  相似文献   

Diagnosis and outcome following tenoscopic surgery of the digital flexor tendon sheath in German sports and pleasure horses     

Andrea N. Cender  Kathrin Mählmann  Anna Ehrle  Roswita Merle  Laura Pieper  Christoph J. Lischer 《Equine veterinary journal》2023,55(1):48-58

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2008年横县局部地区超级稻纹枯病严重发生原因分析及防控措施     

韦其泰  禤玉行 《广西农学报》2010,25(2):37-39

超级稻纹枯病是当前横县超级稻生产上的主要病害之一。本文总结超级稻纹枯病发病特点,分析超级稻纹枯病发病严重的原因,提出应在加强农业防治的基础上及时施药防治的措施。  相似文献   

Effects of Brown Planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens (Stl) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), Feeding on Callose Deposition in Rice with Different Tolerance     

YANG Li  CHEN Jian ming  ZHANG Hai qiang  ZHANG Jue feng  HE Yue ping 《中国水稻科学》2013,27(6):624

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