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本文选用高效液相色谱(HPLC),测定先锋霉素I在4匹成年健康重挽马体内动力学过程。色谱柱采用反相ODS柱[25×4.6mm(ID))柱温35℃,流动相由甲醇:双重蒸馏水:36％醋酸:1.77％磷酸盐缓冲液(40:60:0.1:6)组成。流速为0.8 ml/min。紫外检测器波长为245nm。用高效液相色谱仪测定了不同时间血药浓度数据,符合开放式二室模型,用夏普PC—1500袖珍计算机处理数据。主要动力学参数如下:消除半衰期(t1/2β)为0.50±015(小时),分布半衰期(t1/2α)为0.05±0.01(小时),曲线下面积(AUC)为49.122±29.01(微克/毫升·小时),总表现分布容积(V_d)为0.3050±0.1488(升/公斤),总清除率(CIB)为0.3877±0.1418(毫升/公斤·小时),有效浓度维持时间[TCP(ther)]为2.78±0.49(小时)。按单剂量给药有关参数计算出多剂量给药参数如下:给药间隔时间(τ)为4小时,积累系数(R)为1.00,最高[(C∞)_(man))、平均(C)与最低((C∞)_(min)]稳态浓度分别为223.99(微克/毫升)、12.28(微克/毫升)与0.06(微克/毫升)。首次剂量(D_0~*)为15(毫克/公斤)。 相似文献
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Abstract AIM: To provide baseline data on the levels and patterns of antibacterial drug resistance expressed by Gram-negative bacteria isolated from poultry carcasses in New Zealand. METHODS: Between July and December 2006, isolates of Escherichia coli (n=407) and Salmonella spp. (n=3) originating from carcass-rinse samples were submitted by testing laboratories affiliated to five major poultry processing plants. Isolates of Campylobacter jejuni (n=193) originating from retail poultry carcasses in 2005–2006 were retrieved from the Massey University archives. All isolates underwent disc diffusion susceptibility testing against panels of 12 (Enterobacteriaceae) and six (Campylobacter spp.) antibacterial drugs. Cephalothin-resistance in isolates of E. coli was confirmed using ETest strips, and confirmation of the resistance phenotypes for a subset of C. jejuni isolates used microbroth dilution assays. Patterns within the resistance phenotypes of the isolates were investigated using hierarchical clustering, and logistic regression modelling. RESULTS: The majority of isolates (71.5% E. coli, 99% C. jejuni, and all three Salmonella spp. isolates) were fully susceptible to the drugs that were tested. Four (1%) E. coli isolates showed resistance to three or more drugs. The proportions of susceptible E. coli differed between the five processing plants. Resistances were detected in E. coli isolates, using disc diffusion to cephalothin (18.2%), ampicillin (4.4%), tetracycline (4.4%) and gentamicin (1.5%). There was an association between cephalothin-resistant isolates of E. coli and decreased susceptibility to gentamicin. Using ETests to ascertain the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of E. coli for cephalothin gave inconsistent results. One of 193 C. jejuni isolates was resistant to erythromycin, and microbroth dilution assays confirmed that this panel of C. jejuni was generally susceptible to antibacterial drugs. CONCLUSIONS: The levels of resistance shown by Gram-negative bacteria isolated from chicken carcasses in New Zealand are among the lowest reported around the world. No resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporin drugs was detected in E. coli, suggesting that CTX-M and AmpC beta-lactamases are rare or absent. Salmonella spp. are rarely isolated from poultry carcasses during routine testing in New Zealand, and the isolates identified during this study were fully susceptible to the drugs tested. A panel of C. jejuni isolates originating from retail poultry carcasses were susceptible to first-line and second-line antibacterial drugs. The use of cephalothin as a marker of resistance to first-generation cephalosporins may not be appropriate for non-type-specific E. coli of animal origin. 相似文献
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