Computed tomographic anatomy of the canine cervical vertebral venous system     

Marcelo Gómez  DVM    Larry Freeman  DVM  MS    Jeryl Jones  DVM  PhD    Otto Lanz  DVM    Pam Arnold 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2004,45(1):29-37

Computed tomographic (CT) venography of the cervical vertebral canal was performed in six, clinically normal, adult mixed-breed dogs from 14 to 23 kg. After dogs were euthanized and saline perfused, a gelatin and iothalamate mixture was injected into the right external jugular vein. Contiguous, 4-mm-thick CT images were obtained with dogs in sternal recumbency. Dogs were kept in the same position as for the CT scan and frozen to approximately -8 degrees C. All post-contrast CT images were analyzed using similar bone window and level settings. Additional multiplanar reformatted dorsal images were obtained in all dogs. The frozen cadavers were sectioned through the cervical region extending from the occiput to T1 at approximately 8-mm intervals. The frozen sections were then compared with the CT images. The CT appearance of the normal cervical vertebral venous system was described and illustrated. Components such as the internal vertebral venous plexus, interarcuate veins, intervertebral veins, and vertebral veins were clearly identified on the CT images.  相似文献   

Treatment of a metallic foreign body in the cranial cervical region of a horse     

Bell RJ  Dart AJ  Smith CL 《Australian veterinary journal》2007,85(12):517-519

Ingestion of foreign bodies is uncommon in horses when compared with indiscriminate grazers such as cattle. This case report describes the diagnosis and treatment of a cervical abscess in a Thoroughbred racehorse thought to be associated with ingestion of wire. Radiographic and ultrasonographic examination provided a diagnosis, and conservative treatment of the lesion with antimicrobials initially allowed the lesion to localise closer to the skin for safer surgical exploration. Intra-operative ultrasonographic imaging facilitated surgical access, removal of the foreign body, and drainage. While surgical treatment is usually necessary to resolve an abscess, initially conservative therapy may help to improve the prognosis by simplifying surgical access and reducing the risk of surgical complications.  相似文献   

Morphometric analysis of the spinal cord of the Sus scrofa (large white and landrace crossbreed)     

Omowumi Femi-Akinlosotu  Funmilayo Eniola Olopade  Oluwaseun Mustapha  Adejoke Adekanmbi  James O. Olopade 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2023,52(2):289-299

The incidence of spinal cord (SC) injury in developed and undeveloped countries is alarming. The pig (Sus scrofa) has been recommended as a suitable research model for translational studies because of its morphophysiological similarities of organ systems with humans. There is a dearth of information on the SC anatomy of the large white and landrace crossbreed (LW-LC) pigs. We therefore aim to describe the gross morphology and morphometry of its SC. Twelve juvenile LW-LC pigs (six males and six females) were used. The skin and epaxial muscles were dissected to expose the vertebral column. The SC was carefully harvested by laminectomy, and 13 gross SC morphometric parameters were evaluated. Thirty-three spinal nerves were seen emanating from either side of the SC by means of dorsal and ventral spinal roots. The overall average of SC length and weight was 36.23 ± 1.01 cm and 16.60 ± 0.58 g, respectively. However, the mean SC length and weight were higher in females compared with males, with SC weight being statistically significant. A positive relationship between SC length and weight was significant for males (p = 0.0435) but not for females (p = 0.42). Likewise, the strength of the relationship between SC length and weight was significant in males (r = 0.82) but not significant in females (r = 0.41). Baseline data for the morphometric features of the spinal cord in the LW-LC pigs were generated, which will contribute to the knowledge of this species anatomy and useful information on regional anaesthesia that should further strengthen the drive in adopting the pig as a suitable research model for biomedical research.  相似文献   

Presence of cervical vertebral malformation in Dobermann puppies and the effects of diet and growth rate     

Burbidge HM  Pfeiffer DU  Guilford WG 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(12):814-818

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between diet, growth rate and the presence of caudal cervical malformation in Doberman puppies. DESIGN: A prospective study of 15 Dobermann puppies from three unrelated litters, aged from 0 to 16 weeks. PROCEDURE: The growth rate in terms of body weight gain and increase in ulna length were measured weekly for all puppies. In addition the nutritional quality of the diets was assessed. Radiographs of the cervical spine were taken at 6 and between 12 and 16 weeks of age and examined for the presence of caudal cervical vertebral malformation. A mixed model for repeated measures data was used to investigate the relationship between the growth rate of the puppies and the fixed effects age, dam, diet, gender and presence of caudal cervical malformation. RESULTS: Five of the puppies had changes consistent with caudal cervical malformation. The diets fed were either balanced or transiently deficient in protein, calcium, phosphorus and/or magnesium. There was no significant association between growth rate and the variables dam, gender and the presence of caudal cervical vertebral malformation. There was no significant association between diet and increase in ulna length, but a trend existed between body weight gain and the feeding of a balanced diet (P = 0.0672). CONCLUSION: Caudal cervical vertebral changes can be detected radiographically as early as 6 weeks of age in some Dobermann puppies. A balanced diet and growth rate are not significant factors in its initial development.  相似文献   

Morphologic evaluation of acute endometritis in mares with differing resistance to uterine infections     

T Katila  T F Lock  R W Ely  A R Smith 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1986,27(3):378-387

The study was designed to determine differences between normal mares and mares with endometrial pathology in the inflammatory response after bacterial challenge. Six normal mares (biopsy category I) and 4 mares with pathological endometrial changes (biopsy category II) were given an intrauterine infusion of β-hemolytic streptococci on the second day of estrus. All mares had a similar kind of inflammatory response after the bacterial inoculation as assessed by rectal and vaginal examinations. There were no significant differences in the amount of discharge, uterine tone, uterine size and cervical relaxation between the groups. Leukocytic response, as determined by endometrial smears and biopsies, was of the same magnitude in both groups. Two mares from the pathological group were not able to eliminate the infection, but had vaginal discharge and bacteriologically positive uterine swabs until the end of the experiment. It is concluded that the inability of some mares to clear uterine infections cannot be explained by a deficient inflammatory response.  相似文献   

Immunohistochemical analysis of pseudorabies virus spread through neurons innervating the eyeball     

Hiromi Takahashi  Chieko Kai  Yasuhiro Yoshikawa  Kazuya Yamanouchi 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1995,18(4):275-281

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) was inoculated intraocularly into BALB/c mice, and the distribution pattern of cells positive for several neurotransmitters and viral antigens in the eyeball, trigeminal nerve ganglia, and superior cervical ganglia was examined immunohistochemically to clarify the neural route of the virus spread. In the eyeball, substance P (SP)- and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-positive cells were detected in the ipsilateral iris and ciliary body, neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY)-positive cells were detected in the choloid membrane, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells were detected in the ipsilateral inner nuclear layer of the retina; all these cells contained viral antigens. In the superior cervical ganglia, viral antigen-positive cells containing TH or NPY were found at bilateral sites. In the trigeminal nerve ganglia, viral antigen-positive cells containing SP or CGRP were found at bilateral sites. These findings indicated that the SP- and CGRP-positive ganglion cells of the trigeminal nerve ganglia innervating the iris or ciliary body, and the NPY-positive ganglion cells of the superior cervical ganglia innervating the iris, ciliary body, and choroid membrane served as the route for the virus spread. These findings also suggested that dopaminergic neurons, such as the TH-positive retinal cells and TH-positive ganglion cells of the superior cervical ganglia, served as the route for virus spread.  相似文献   

灭蚤项圈对犬、猫蚤的临床试验     

刘明寿  许金俊  彭金彪  彭昊  陶建平 《中国兽医学报》2007,27(4):521-522

采用自身对照试验，以自然感染栉首蚤（Ctenocephalides sp．）的犬与猫为试验动物，验证常熟市金牧药业有限公司生产的灭蚤项圈（犬用、猫用）对蚤的杀灭与防治效果。结果表明：在整个试验期间，所有参与试验的犬、猫均未出现任何不良反应，犬、猫在挂项圈（即用药）后第14～60天，杀虫率分别在97．3％～98．4％与96．6％～98．0％之间，杀虫效果极显著（P〈o．01）。证明灭蚤项圈（犬用、猫用）对犬、猫安全可靠，能长期杀灭犬、猫蚤类。  相似文献   

Paratracheal air cyst in a foal     

S. Zetterström  K. Horzmann  J. Yin  R. Moon  S. Boorman  S. Ceriotti  A. Wooldridge  L. Boone 《Equine Veterinary Education》2022,34(5):e187-e192

A 1-day-old American Paint Horse was presented for a large air-filled mass along the ventral aspect of the neck. Bronchoscopy and oesophagoscopy revealed no sign of communication with the trachea or oesophagus. Radiographs and a computed tomography scan of the neck identified a communicating tract between the lumen of the cystic mass and mid-trachea. The foal was systemically healthy at this initial presentation, and delayed removal of the cyst was recommended to allow further maturation of the foal prior to undergoing general anaesthesia. Upon discharge, the cyst continued to grow in size and became more fluid than air-filled requiring repeat centesis and draining. The foal was then re-presented at 3 weeks of age for surgical removal. In surgery, direct communication with the trachea was identified and ligated. Histopathology demonstrated that the cyst lining was composed of squamous epithelium with goblet cells and occasional ciliated cells. The location, morphological features and congenital presentation of the mass were consistent with a paratracheal air cyst (PAC). Surgical resection resulted in excellent functional and cosmetic outcome. Although not previously reported in horses, PAC should be included in the differential diagnosis of an air-filled ventral neck mass in equine neonates. Complete surgical excision may result in a successful outcome.  相似文献   

Arthroscopic anatomy of the equine cervical articular process joints     

M. Pepe  M. Angelone  R. Gialletti  S. Nannarone  F. Beccati 《Equine veterinary journal》2014,46(3):345-351

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The Occurrence of a Congenital Malformation in the Sixth and Seventh Cervical Vertebrae Predominantly Observed in Thoroughbred Horses     

《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014,34(11-12):1313-1317

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