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1.
为研究新型壳寡糖衍生物类农用制剂寡聚酸碘(寡聚N-乙酰基-D-氨基葡萄糖醛酸碘)对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的抑制作用及对番茄生长、生理特性的影响,以番茄品种:L402、贝鲁特、粉多利作为供试材料,以氨基寡糖素及50%腐霉利L可湿粉剂作为对比,通过室内生测试验试验,测定寡聚酸碘对番茄病毒病中常见病原菌TMV的抑制效果、对番茄生长及及番茄幼苗茎尖中吲哚乙酸、赤霉素及叶绿素含量的影响。寡聚酸碘对TMV的抑制效果表现出良好的速效性和持效性,接种后17d,抑制效果从45.08%迅速提升到74.48%,接种21~35d,对TMV的抑制效果维持在80%以上。寡聚酸碘对TMV的EC50值为15.62mg/L,对TMV的抑制活性高于3%氨基寡糖素水剂寡聚酸碘处理,有效成分300.0mg/L的寡聚酸碘可作为抑制TMV活性的最优供试剂量;寡聚酸碘在300~1 200mg/L处理剂量下,对供试的3个番茄品种(L402、贝鲁特、粉多利)安全,未见任何药害症状,与CK、3%氨基寡糖素及50%腐霉利L可湿粉剂相比,可以明显提升番茄幼苗株高、茎尖内IAA、GA含量及叶片中总叶绿素含量。寡聚酸碘处理的番茄茎秆粗壮,叶色浓绿,生长性状良好。因此,寡聚酸碘具有抑制TMV活性及促进番茄生长的双重功效,开发利用前景良好。 相似文献
2.
壳寡糖对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、前肠组织结构及肠道主要菌群的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
选用初始体质量(3.02±0.16) g的吉富罗非鱼幼鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)450尾,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每重复30尾实验鱼,分别饲喂添加壳寡糖质量分数为0.00%(对照组)、0.10%、0.30%、0.50%和0.70%的饲料8周,考查壳寡糖对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、前肠组织结构及肠道主要菌群的影响.结果表明,在生长性能方面,添加0.30%、0.50%和0.70%壳寡糖组增重率分别较对照组显著提高12.53%、16.17%和9.47%(P<0.05);添加壳寡糖各组较对照组饲料系数显著降低,饲料干物质和蛋白质的表观消化率均显著升高(P<0.05).在肠道组织结构方面,与对照组相比,添加0.30%和0.50%壳寡糖组的幼鱼前肠绒毛长度显著增加了18.02%和23.21%,宽度显著增加了45.21%和54.06%,密度显著增加了15.18%和19.37%(P<0.05);添加0.30%、0.50%和0.70%壳寡糖组的幼鱼肠壁厚度较对照组分别减少了16.41%、19.96%和15.00%(P<0.05).在肠道主要菌群方面,各壳寡糖添加组大肠杆菌数量均显著降低,乳酸杆菌数量显著增加(P<0.05).上述结果表明,吉富罗非鱼幼鱼饲料中添加壳寡糖可提高其生长性能,并改善肠道内环境,推荐适宜添加量为0.30%~0.50%. 相似文献
3.
本试验旨在通过脂多糖(LPS)诱导猪空肠上皮细胞(IPEC-J2)来建立氧化应激模型,探讨壳寡糖(COS)的抗氧化作用效果。采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测LPS和COS对IPEC-J2作用12、24、48 h后细胞增殖活性的变化;选择适宜浓度LPS(1.0μg/m L)和COS(200μg/m L)作用于IPEC-J2,分为对照组、LPS组、COS组、LPS+COS组。采用Western Blot法检测核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)、血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)蛋白的表达;试剂盒检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果表明:1.0μg/m L的LPS对IPEC-J2作用24 h,细胞增殖的抑制率为41.6%,为造模的最适浓度和作用时间;COS在一定浓度范围内对IPEC-J2有增殖作用,其浓度为200μg/m L时效果最佳,作用时间为24 h时,细胞增殖率达到126.3%。LPS+COS组较对照组的SOD、CAT活性和M DA含量差异不显著(P0.05),Nrf2和HO-1蛋白相对表达量显著升高(P0.05);LPS+COS组较LPS组的Nrf2蛋白相对表达量显著升高(P0.05),HO-1有升高趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05),SOD、CAT活性显著升高(P0.05),M DA含量显著降低(P0.05)。由此可见,LPS诱导IPEC-J2氧化应激,而COS可进一步促进Nrf2和HO-1蛋白的高表达,并提高抗氧化酶的活性,降低氧化产物含量,从而增强细胞对氧化应激的抵抗力,起到保护作用。 相似文献
4.
在实验室条件下,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了几丁寡糖对烟草赤星病菌的抑制活性,继而在温室盆栽和人工接种条件下,分别研究了几丁寡糖、几丁寡糖＋木霉＋几丁质等5种方法处理对烟草赤星病的防治效果,同时分别系统测定了烟草植株施用几丁寡糖及人工接种赤星病菌后10d内SOD、POD、PPO和几丁质酶等4种防御酶的活性。结果表明,几丁寡糖对烟草赤星病菌的菌丝生长有一定抑制作用。单独施加几丁寡糖的处理对烟草赤星病的防治效果为53.60%,其次为几丁寡糖＋木霉处理,防治效果为38.28%。几丁寡糖处理后烟草体内的PPO、SOD、POD和几丁质酶的活性显著提高。以上结果说明,几丁寡糖对烟草赤星病有显著的控制效应,主要是通过诱导、提高烟草植株有关防御酶的活性从而增强烟草植株对赤星病的抗病性。 相似文献
5.
Tong Chen Gong Cheng Siming Jiao Lishi Ren Chuanfang Zhao Jinhua Wei Juntian Han Meishan Pei Yuguang Du Jian-Jun Li 《Marine drugs》2021,19(6)
It is known that bioactivities of chitooligosaccharide (COS) are closely related to the degree of polymerization (DP); therefore, it is essential to prepare COS with controllable DP, such as chitobiose showing high antioxidant and antihyperlipidemia activities. In this study, BLAST, sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of characterized glycoside hydrolase (GH) 46 endo-chitosanases revealed that a chitosanase Sn1-CSN from Streptomyces niveus was different from others. Sn1-CSN was overexpressed in E. coli, purified and characterized in detail. It showed the highest activity at pH 6.0 and exhibited superior stability between pH 4.0 and pH 11.0. Sn1-CSN displayed the highest activity at 50 °C and was fairly stable at ≤45 °C. Its apparent kinetic parameters against chitosan (DDA: degree of deacetylation, >94%) were determined, with Km and kcat values of 1.8 mg/mL and 88.3 s−1, respectively. Cu2+ enhanced the activity of Sn1-CSN by 54.2%, whereas Fe3+ inhibited activity by 15.1%. Hydrolysis products of chitosan (DDA > 94%) by Sn1-CSN were mainly composed of chitobiose (87.3%), whereas partially acetylated chitosan with DDA 69% was mainly converted into partially acetylated COS with DP 2-13. This endo-chitosanase has great potential to be used for the preparation of chitobiose and partially acetylated COS with different DPs. 相似文献
6.
Lin-Lin Zhang Xiao-Hua Jiang Xin-Feng Xiao Wen-Xiu Zhang Yi-Qian Shi Zhi-Peng Wang Hai-Xiang Zhou 《Marine drugs》2021,19(11)
(1) Background: Chitooligosaccharides (COS) have numerous applications due to their excellent properties. Chitosan hydrolysis using chitosanases has been proposed as an advisable method for COS preparation. Although many chitosanases from various sources have been identified, the cold-adapted ones with high stability are still rather rare but required. (2) Methods: A novel chitosanase named CsnY from marine bacterium Renibacterium sp. Y82 was expressed in Escherichia coli, following sequence analysis. Then, the characterizations of recombinant CsnY purified through Ni–NTA affinity chromatography were conducted, including effects of pH and temperature, effects of metal ions and chemicals, and final product analysis. (3) Results: The GH46 family chitosanase CsnY possessed promising thermostability at broad temperature range (0–50 °C), and with optimal activity at 40 °C and pH 6.0, especially showing relatively high activity (over 80% of its maximum activity) at low temperatures (20–30 °C), which demonstrated the cold-adapted property. Common metal ions or chemicals had no obvious effect on CsnY except Mn2+ and Co2+. Finally, CsnY was determined to be an endo-type chitosanase generating chitodisaccharides and -trisaccharides as main products, whose total concentration reached 56.74 mM within 2 h against 2% (w/v) initial chitosan substrate. (4) Conclusions: The results suggest the cold-adapted CsnY with favorable stability has desirable potential for the industrial production of COS. 相似文献
7.
为研究壳寡糖锌对温室番茄的防病效果及果实品质和产量的影响,以常见植物病原菌和温室番茄为研究对象,采用室内抑菌实验和田间试验,测定壳寡糖锌的抑菌活性及其对温室番茄病害的防治效果,以及对番茄植株生长、果实品质和产量的影响。结果表明,在抑菌实验中,壳寡糖锌对黄瓜角斑病原菌(Pseudomonas syringae pv. Lachrymans)、姜瘟病原菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)、小麦赤霉病原菌(FusaHum graminearum Sehw)、水稻纹枯病原菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)、棉花枯萎病原菌(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Vesinfectum)等多种病原菌均具有较好的抑制作用,MIC值明显低于常规化学杀菌剂。在田间试验中,与温室正常管理的对照组相比,喷施壳寡糖锌可明显减少和减轻番茄植株病害的发生;显著促进番茄株高、茎粗增长,相对增量分别为17.11%、53.89%;提高番茄果实中可溶性固形物、固酸比、还原糖、维生素C、锌含量,相对增量分别为5.88%、11.90%、27.88%、51.60%、87.91%,而且总酸含量降低5.38%;提高番茄总产量和一级果产量,相对增量分别为23.35%和30.73%,无二级果和次果。由此可见,壳寡糖锌具有广谱抑菌性以及较好的防病、促生、提质、增产的功效,药肥两用,值得在农业生产中开发应用。 相似文献
8.
以壳寡糖(COS)为试验材料,采用TEMPO氧化法将壳寡糖C6位上的羟甲基直接氧化成为羧基,制备6-羧基壳寡糖(CCOS)。以Ca Cl2作为钙源,通过探讨体系pH值、反应温度、反应时间、CCOS与Ca Cl2质量比对CCOS-Ca(Ⅱ)得率的影响,采用三因素五水平中心旋转组合设计优化了制备工艺。并对产物进行傅里叶变换红外光谱扫描及元素分析。使用Design-Expert软件对响应面试验数据进行回归分析。所得CCOS-Ca(Ⅱ)制备最佳工艺参数为:反应pH值为8.3,反应时间60 min,反应温度50℃,CCOS与Ca Cl2质量比为34。在此优化工艺条件下,验证试验螯合率为88.86%。通过红外光谱及元素分析,证明了钙螯合物的形成,CCOS-Ca(Ⅱ)配合物的结构初步认为CCOS与Ca2+摩尔比为2∶1。CCOS分子除了含有—OH、—NH2外,还含有—COOH,能够对钙进行有效螯合,体系pH值、反应温度、配体质量比对螯合结果影响显著,所得CCOS-Ca(Ⅱ)络合物不仅能发挥壳寡糖本身独特的生物活性,而且有可能起到协同效应,增强各自的生物活性。 相似文献
9.
Berit B. Aam Ellinor B. Heggset Anne Line Norberg Morten S?rlie Kjell M. V?rum Vincent G. H. Eijsink 《Marine drugs》2010,8(5):1482-1517
Chitooligosaccharides (CHOS) are homo- or heterooligomers of N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucosamine. CHOS can be produced using chitin or chitosan as a starting material, using enzymatic conversions, chemical methods or combinations thereof. Production of well-defined CHOS-mixtures, or even pure CHOS, is of great interest since these oligosaccharides are thought to have several interesting bioactivities. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these bioactivities is of major importance. However, so far in-depth knowledge on the mode-of-action of CHOS is scarce, one major reason being that most published studies are done with badly characterized heterogeneous mixtures of CHOS. Production of CHOS that are well-defined in terms of length, degree of N-acetylation, and sequence is not straightforward. Here we provide an overview of techniques that may be used to produce and characterize reasonably well-defined CHOS fractions. We also present possible medical applications of CHOS, including tumor growth inhibition and inhibition of TH2-induced inflammation in asthma, as well as use as a bone-strengthener in osteoporosis, a vector for gene delivery, an antibacterial agent, an antifungal agent, an anti-malaria agent, or a hemostatic agent in wound-dressings. By using well-defined CHOS-mixtures it will become possible to obtain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these bioactivities. 相似文献
10.
以壳寡糖质量浓度不同的酸乳为研究对象,探究壳寡糖对酸乳发酵特性及感官品质的影响。以pH值、滴定酸度、乳酸菌总数和流变特性为指标,研究壳寡糖对酸乳发酵特性的影响;以色泽、气味、组织状态和滋味为指标,评价壳寡糖对酸乳感官品质的影响。结果表明:壳寡糖质量浓度为50 mg/mL时,酸乳发酵过程中的滴定酸度值与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),壳寡糖质量浓度为0～100 mg/mL时,酸乳发酵过程中的pH值变化与对照组相似(P>0.05);随着壳寡糖添加量的进一步提高,壳寡糖酸乳在相同发酵时间内与对照组样品相比具有更低的滴定酸度、乳酸菌总数和更高的pH值(P<0.05);当壳寡糖质量浓度为0～100 mg/mL时,酸乳的各感官指标评分与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),且具有较优的风味。因此酸乳中壳寡糖的质量浓度为0～100 mg/mL时对酸乳的发酵特性和感官品质无不良影响,可将其应用于酸乳生产。 相似文献