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[目的]研究不同热应激条件下添加二氢吡啶对奶牛瘤胃发酵功能的影响。[方法]试验选取6头三胎次泌乳中期中国荷斯坦奶牛,采用自身前后对照,分为4个时期:无应激且不添加二氢吡啶(NS-ND)、无应激添加二氢吡啶(NS-D)、应激但不添加二氢吡啶(S-ND)、应激且添加二氢吡啶(S-D),二氢吡啶添加量为每头牛3.0g/d(即0.6mg/kg体重)。[结果]S-ND时期与NS-ND时期相比,瘤胃液中pH值降低,NH3-N浓度极显著升高(P0.01),瘤胃液内挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的浓度显著下降(P0.01),其中乙酸的百分比含量下降,丙酸和丁酸的百分比含量升高,但差异不显著(P0.05),乙丙比呈稍下降趋势,差异不显著(P=0.13);应激和无应激时期添加二氢吡啶后,有使瘤胃液pH降低的趋势,NH3-N浓度均显著降低(P0.01),VFA的浓度显著提高(P0.01),乙丙比显著增高(P0.01)。[结论]添加二氢吡啶对提高热应激时期奶牛瘤胃的发酵功能有良好效果。 相似文献
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Carotid bodies (CBs) are secondary sensory receptors in which the sensing elements, chemoreceptor cells, are activated by decreases in arterial PO(2) (hypoxic hypoxia). Upon activation, chemoreceptor cells (also known as Type I and glomus cells) increase their rate of release of neurotransmitters that drive the sensory activity in the carotid sinus nerve (CSN) which ends in the brain stem where reflex responses are coordinated. When challenged with hypoxic hypoxia, the physiopathologically most relevant stimulus to the CBs, they are activated and initiate ventilatory and cardiocirculatory reflexes. Reflex increase in minute volume ventilation promotes CO(2) removal from alveoli and a decrease in alveolar PCO(2) ensues. Reduced alveolar PCO(2) makes possible alveolar and arterial PO(2) to increase minimizing the intensity of hypoxia. The ventilatory effect, in conjunction the cardiocirculatory components of the CB chemoreflex, tend to maintain an adequate supply of oxygen to the tissues. The CB has been the focus of attention since the discovery of its nature as a sensory organ by de Castro (1928) and the discovery of its function as the origin of ventilatory reflexes by Heymans' group (1930). A great deal of effort has been focused on the study of the mechanisms involved in O(2) detection. This review is devoted to this topic, mechanisms of oxygen sensing. Starting from a summary of the main theories evolving through the years, we will emphasize the nature and significance of the findings obtained with veratridine and tetrodotoxin (TTX) in the genesis of current models of O(2)-sensing. 相似文献
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为确定酵母铬和二氢吡啶是否能缓解围产期奶牛热应激,将24头体质量和胎次相近的围产期荷斯坦奶牛随机分为3组,饲养于环境温湿指数（THI）高于68的热应激条件下,对照组饲喂基础日粮,酵母铬组和二氢吡啶组饲喂基础日粮的同时饲喂8 g/（头·d）铬含量为1‰的酵母铬和3 g/（头·d）的二氢吡啶,试验周期为40 d,观测酵母铬和二氢吡啶对围产期奶牛热应激反应的影响。结果显示：① 酵母铬组和二氢吡啶组奶牛与对照组奶牛在呼吸频率上无显著差异（P>0.05）。② 各组奶牛血清中血糖和胆固醇含量在产前第7天与产后第3天均无显著差异。二氢吡啶组奶牛产前第7天血清中甘油三酯含量显著降低（P<0.05）。③ 与对照组比较,酵母铬组和二氢吡啶组产前、产后血清中Na+、K+、Cl-的浓度均无显著差异（P>0.05）,各组在产前、产后血清中碱性磷酸酶和肌酸激酶的含量也均未出现显著变化（P>0.05）。④ 酵母铬组、二氢吡啶组与对照组奶牛血清中热休克蛋白70（heat shock protein 70,HSP70）基因mRNA表达量没有明显差异（P>0.05）。以上结果表明,热应激条件下,在围产期奶牛日粮中添加8 g/（头·d）铬含量为1‰的酵母铬和3 g/（头·d）二氢吡啶对血液生化指标和HSP70 mRNA表达量均无显著影响,说明日粮中添加8 g/（头·d）铬含量为1‰的酵母铬和3 g/（头·d）二氢吡啶对缓解围产期荷斯坦奶牛热应激无明显效果。 相似文献
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