莫莫格湿地干-湿界面优势植物种群动态分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

田迅  卜兆君 《四川草原》2004,(11)

莫莫格湿地从高河漫滩底端到顶端选取有代表性的植物群落片断作为固定观测样带,并设置6个观测样方,生长季5月、7月、9月3次观测结果表明,小叶章优势种群5月份密度最高达1154-1594株/平方米,7月种群数量下降,9月有所升高;踏头苔草优势种群5-7月份密度在3 414-7 193株/平方米,9月份种群数量大幅度下降;土壤相对含水量低地段小叶章种群相对优势度大,土壤相对含水量高地段踏头苔草种群相对优势度大,局部地段生长季内有相对优势度相互替代过程,莫莫格湿地干-湿界面上小叶章和踏头苔草两个种群可以共存。  相似文献   

Economics of foliar fungicides for hard red winter wheat in the USA southern Great Plains     

《Crop Protection》2014

Grain yields of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the southern Great Plains are often reduced by the presence of foliar diseases. This study was conducted to determine whether the application of foliar fungicides is an economically optimal management strategy. The effects of fungicide treatment on commercially available hard red winter wheat varieties with differing levels of genetic resistance (i.e., resistant, intermediate, and susceptible) to foliar diseases were investigated at two locations, Apache and Lahoma, OK, USA, for the harvest years 2005–2012. Two fungicides were rotated between the two locations and applied at approximately Feekes growth stage 9–10.5. When averaged across years, plots to which fungicide was applied generated greater average net returns than plots that did not receive fungicide for susceptible varieties at Apache, and for resistant, intermediate, and susceptible varieties at Lahoma. However, foliar fungicide application was not economical in every year at either location suggesting fungicide use should be reassessed each year given that profitability depends on year specific yield potential, prices, and foliar disease conditions. At both locations high disease incidence occurred in all but one site-year when the average March through May relative humidity exceeded 65%. Additional research would be required to determine the relationship between weather, including relative humidity, and disease incidence, and to develop an economic threshold for treatment decision aid.  相似文献   

Responses of subshrub sagebrush rangeland in North-Western China to changes in livestock numbers and rainfall over 10 years (2004–2013)     

W. Y. Zhao  H. Yin  Y. Wang 《Arid Land Research and Management》2019,33(2):212-233

Seriphidium transiliense, or subshrub sagebrush, is one of the most important forage resources for livestock in many arid lands, but such resources have been threatened by overgrazing for a long time. A 2013 vegetation survey of an original sagebrush rangeland (2400?ha) in the Tianshan Mountains revealed that nearly half of the area once under sagebrush has been replaced by annual species. This is due to the continual and rapid increase in livestock numbers over the past 30?years. Three smaller sites with different grazing scenarios: no grazing (Site N), a decline (Site 1), and an increase (Site 2) in livestock numbers, were selected to monitor recent changes (from 2004 to 2013) in vegetation biomass and the degree of dominance by sagebrush. Supplanting happened at Site 2 but little occurred at Site 1. There were significant differences between Site 2 and Site 1 in standing biomass in Spring and Summer, but no significant differences in Summer between Site 1 and Site N. The supplanting of sagebrush marks the completion of a dynamic process – in which rainfall plays a crucial role – of damage to sagebrush from heavy grazing in drought years and its rehabilitation by light grazing in some good years. Plant biomass loss was greatest when the land was first subjected to heavy grazing. Sagebrush tends to exist as a sole-dominant species rather than a companion species in sagebrush communities. This suggests that sagebrush continued to survive in pockets where grazing pressure had declined.  相似文献   

早显性水稻三系不育系乐3A的选育     

周勇  黄世君  李乾安  魏应海  曾松  侯浪  郑英 《杂交水稻》2021,(2):28-29,78

乐3A是用IR超级稻与金23B杂交F3代的优良单株与矮败型不育系协青早A测交,并经多代回交转育而成的籼稻三系不育系.该不育系配合力强,异交习性好,且具有早熟不完全显性的特点.配制的杂交组合优质,早熟,抗倒性强.2012年8月,该不育系通过了四川省农作物品种审定委员会技术鉴定,所配组合乐3优727、乐3优2275于201...  相似文献   

Bt转基因抗虫棉田昆虫群落结构研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

杨国正  展茗  杨长举  骆炳山 《湖北农业科学》2005,(5):53-56

选用3个转Bt基因抗虫棉品种DP99B、20B、1560BG和2个非抗虫棉对照品种鄂杂棉1号、湘杂棉2号,比较研究了不同棉花群体中昆虫群落结构特征。结果表明,在未采取任何防治措施的情况下,3个转Bt基因抗虫棉对棉铃虫种群,尤其是在棉花生育前期有很好的抑制作用;同时对其他鳞翅目害虫种群也有一定控制效果,这使得棉蚜、棉叶蝉、烟粉虱等刺吸式害虫上升为主要害虫。但抗虫棉棉田昆虫群落、害虫亚群落以及天敌亚群落的多样性、均匀性均较对照棉田小,而优势集中性比对照棉田高,反映出抗虫棉棉田昆虫群落结构稳定性较差。相对来说,DP99B和20B抗虫性能较好,其棉田昆虫群落结构也比较稳定。因此,转Bt基因抗虫棉的大面积应用中,除了要关注抗毒性棉铃虫的产生和危害以外,还应特别注意其他可能上升为主要害虫(如棉蚜、棉叶蝉、烟粉虱等)的防治工作。  相似文献   

塔里木河下游生态输水对植物群落数量特征的影响   总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10  

张丽华  陈亚宁  李卫红 《干旱区研究》2006,23(1):32-38

结合2002-2004年对塔里木河下游生态输水过程中5个断面固定植物群落样地的调查,运用群落数量分析法,分析了塔里木河下游植物群落对生态输水的响应.结果表明:在生态输水过程中,植被覆盖度普遍增加,草本植物覆盖度的增长率高于乔木和灌木;各断面乔木和草本植物的综合优势比普遍增加,但优势种的优势地位并没有改变,群落的类型没有变化;在整个研究区,物种的丰富度与均匀度仍很低.为提高输水生态效应,提出河道输水与面上供水相结合的输水方法和建立人工植被等建议.  相似文献   

1985—2015年中国县域芝麻生产的时空演变   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王婧  傅漫琪  孙悦  刘斌  王小慧  陈阜 《中国农业大学学报》2020,25(3):203-213

为阐明我国芝麻生产的时空变化特征,基于1985—2015年的我国县域芝麻生产统计数据,采用集中度、重心迁移、产量贡献率、优势度等指标,对我国芝麻种植面积、产量和单产的时空动态变化进行分析。结果表明:1)1985—2015年,我国芝麻产量和面积的分布基本一致,主要集中在大别山山脉一带和辽宁省西北部;全国芝麻单产水平不断提升,种植面积自2000年起小幅缩减,而产量变化处于明显的波动状态。2)30年间,全国芝麻产量集中度和面积集中度变化波动较小,集中地区分布发生了一定的变化;我国芝麻产量、面积重心同步向南偏西方向迁移,迁移距离分别为252和344 km。3)我国芝麻生产的主导因素一直为面积,占比为40.0%—49.9%;我国芝麻的生产优势区主要在河南、安徽、湖北、江西四省。近30年来,我国芝麻种植变化受其自身特性、病虫害、湿害以及政策等影响,芝麻生产受到一定的限制。因此,优化和调整我国芝麻生产的政策倾向、种植结构、良种研发以及栽培管理等方面尤显关键。  相似文献   

桃园昆虫群落的时间结构研究   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

郭线茹  尹新明  罗梅浩  熊建伟  杨爱荣  王桂香 《河南农业大学学报》2000,34(2):146-149

采用物种多样性、均匀性及优势度等指标测定了桃园昆虫群落的时间结构变化。结果表明,无昆虫群落物种数随桃树生长而增加,优势种也因其生长而变化;根据群落的相异系数对无４～８月的昆虫群落进行聚类和排序的分析发现,６月和７月的昆虫群落最为相似。其次是４月和５月。  相似文献   

基于MapInfo的塞罕坝地区植被景观空间结构分析     

常伟强  张岩  龙双红  宋彦文 《林业资源管理》2011,(4)

运用景观生态学原理,借助M apInfo技术,选取斑块密度、边缘密度、景观多样性、景观优势度等指标,分析塞罕坝地区不同地貌下景观类型的空间分布和空间格局特征,深入探讨了森林景观的林分类型、起源和分布特点,结果显示塞罕坝山地的斑块密度、边缘密度、破碎度,分别都高于沙地和曼甸,但山地的景观多样性低于曼甸和沙地。森林景观以落叶针叶林面积最大,为38 306.7 hm2,其次是阔叶林和常绿针叶林,分别为16 470.5hm2,9 455.5hm2,灌木林和混交林面积最小。曼甸以落叶针叶林景观优势度最高,且多为落叶松人工纯林;山地以落叶针叶林和阔叶林景观优势度较高,其中,阔叶林多为天然次生林,树种以桦树为主;沙地以落叶针叶林和常绿针叶林优势度较高,其常绿针叶林多为人工樟子松纯林。  相似文献   

观赏桃园昆虫群落结构及多样性的研究     

吕文彦  娄国强  张育平  秦雪峰 《贵州农业科学》2008,36(1):90-93

对观赏桃园昆虫群落的结构及多样性研究表明:观赏桃园昆虫有61种,隶属于11目44科。物种数随季节变化而变化,主要优势种为桃小绿叶蝉(Empoasca flavescensFabr.)和山楂叶螨(Tetranychus viennesisZacher)。在不同时间其优势度、多样性、均匀性等也不断变化。根据群落的相异系数对观赏桃园6~9月的昆虫群落进行分析表明,9月上旬与9月中旬的昆虫群落最为相似,其次是7月下旬与8月中旬。  相似文献