Canine Elbow Dysplasia: Medial Compartment Disease and Osteoarthritis     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2021,51(2):475-515

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Assessment of the hip reduction angle for predicting osteoarthritis of the hip in the Labrador Retriever     

Corfield GS  Read RA  Eastley KA  Richardson JL  Robertson ID  Day R 《Australian veterinary journal》2007,85(6):212-216

Hip palpation has been used to provide semiquantitative information regarding passive joint laxity and susceptibility to hip dysplasia. The purpose of this study was to: (1) evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner repeatability of the hip reduction angle measured at 4 months of age by three examiners using manual goniometry and an electromagnetic tracking system; (2) compare the hip reduction angle measured with manual goniometry to the hip reduction angle measured with the electromagnetic tracking system; and (3) evaluate the hip reduction angle, distraction index and Ortolani manoeuvre at 4 months of age as predictors of the development of hip osteoarthritis at 12 months of age in 11 Labrador Retriever dogs. Intra- and inter-examiner repeatability was demonstrated for both the manual and electromagnetic goniometric measurement of the hip reduction angle (coefficient of variation < 4.3% and < 6.1%; and P = 0.163 and P = 0.836 respectively). The hip reduction angle measured by manual goniometry was moderately correlated to the hip reduction angle measured by the electromagnetic tracking system (r = 0.603, P < 0.0000). The hip reduction angle measured by manual and electromagnetic goniometry was a poor predictor of osteoarthritis at 12 months of age (r = 0.231, P < 0.062, and r = 0.321, P < 0.01). The distraction index was moderately correlated with the development of osteoarthritis by 12 months of age (r = 0.493, P < 0.0000). The Ortolani sign was sensitive (100%) but not specific (41%) for the development of osteoarthritis at 12 months of age. The hip reduction angle did not further quantify the Ortolani manoeuvre as a predictor of osteoarthritis in Labrador Retrievers.  相似文献   

Prevalence of incidental humeral intracondylar fissures in brachycephalic breed dogs in CT studies     

Chantelle Franklin  Michael Herrtage  Karen Harris  Marie-Aude Genain 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2023,64(2):194-200

Humeral intracondylar fissures (HIF) have been predominantly reported in spaniel breeds and proposed to be possible risk factors for humeral condyle fractures (HCF). We hypothesized that the prevalence of incidental HIF in French Bulldogs may be greater than that of other brachycephalic breeds. A retrospective, observational, prevalence study was performed using CT examinations of French bulldogs and other brachycephalic breed dogs presenting for an unrelated condition. Two European College of Veterinary Diagnostic and Imaging-certified radiologists reviewed the images of the humeral condyles of these dogs. A classification system was devised to grade the findings. We considered a Score 1 to be normal, Score 2 to have centralised sclerosis, Score 3 to have a partial fissure and Score 4 to have a complete fissure. A total of 228 elbows were reviewed from 122 dogs. Of this population, 145 elbows were from French Bulldogs, 54 were from Pugs, and the remainder were from a mix of other brachycephalic breeds. The prevalence of HIF (score 3 or 4) in elbows of the French bulldog, pug and other breed groups was 6.9% (CI 2.8–11%), 5.6% (CI 0–11.7%), and 3.4% (CI 0–10.15%), respectively. At a dog level, the prevalence of HIF (score 3 or 4 present in at least one elbow) was found to be 11.8% (CI 4.6–19%) in French Bulldogs, 11.1% (CI 0–22.9%) in Pugs, and 5.26% (CI 0–15%) in the other breed group. There was no significant difference between the breed groups. The inter-reviewer reliability for CT scoring of HIF based on Cohen's weighted kappa was low at 0.19.  相似文献   

SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF RADIOGRAPHIC DETECTION OF CANINE ELBOW INCONGRUENCE IN AN IN VITRO MODEL     

Laurent Blond  Jacques Dupuis  Guy Beauregard  Luc Breton  Maxim Moreau 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2005,46(3):210-216

Canine elbow incongruence is believed to be the consequence of underdevelopment of the radius. The purpose of this study is to determine the sensitivity and specificity of radiography to detect elbow incongruence in an in vitro model and to assess the optimal elbow angle and radiographic beam position. Five normal cadaveric canine left forelimbs were used. A four-pin, type 1 external fixator with a linear motor side bar was fixed to the cranial part of the radius of each limb and a 1 cm segment of bone was removed from the mid-diaphysis to allow radial shortening. Each elbow was subjected to the same protocol. They were radiographed at two different angles (90 degrees and 135 degrees) of flexion, with 10 different radiographic beam positions (centered on the humeral condyle, 3 cm cranial, 3 cm caudal, 3 cm distal, 3 cm proximal, 3 cm cranio-proximal, 3 cm cranio-distal, 3 cm caudo-proximal, 3 cm caudo-distal and on the shoulder joint) and at four different level of radial shortening (0, 1, 2 and 3 mm). In addition, a radiographic view centered on the elbows flexed at 135 degrees was made after simulating weight bearing. The acquired digital images were independently evaluated by three evaluators unaware of the elbows status. The elbows were judged normal, incongruent or borderline based on specific criteria. The sensitivity for detection of elbow incongruence at and beyond 2 mm was excellent at 90 degrees (median = 100% for all views) and good at 135 degrees (median = 80%) of flexion with no difference between examiners. The sensitivity at 1 mm of incongruence was unchanged at 135 degrees but was reduced at 90 degrees of flexion (median = 60%) with a significant difference between the evaluators. The specificity was significantly different between the evaluators and ranged from 70% to 90% at 90 degrees of flexion and from 50% to 80% at 135 degrees. The lowest specificities at 90 degrees were obtained with the proximal displacements of the X-ray beam. Simulating weight bearing significantly decreased the sensitivity at 1 mm (from 80% to 50%) and 3 mm (from 100% to 80%) of incongruence and slightly increased the specificity (from 55% to 65%). Radiography is a sensitive and specific test to detect moderate-to-severe radio-ulnar incongruence (2 mm and over) if the elbow is flexed at a 90 degrees angle regardless of the radiographic beam position. Finally, canine elbow incongruence appeared reduced after an in vitro weight-bearing simulation.  相似文献   

Follicular Dysplasia in Adult Black and Red Doberman Pinschers     

WILLIAM H. MILLER Jr. 《Veterinary dermatology》1990,1(4):181-187

Abstract— Four black and two red Doberman Pinschers with a slowly progressive, dorsal hypotrichosis were studied. All six dogs developed the hair loss as adults and hypotrichosis was permanent. Skin biopsies showed changes compatible with follicular dysplasia.
Résumé— L'etude porte sur 4 Dobermans noirs et 2 Dobermans marrons présentant une hypotrichose dorsale d'extension progressive. L'hypotrichose dorsale d'extension progressive. L'hypotrichose s'est développée chez les 6 chiens à l'âge adulte et est permanente. Les biopsies cutanées ont montré des images compatibles avec le diagnostic de dysplasie folliculaire.
Zusammenfassung— Bei vier schwarzen und zwei roten Dobermännern wurde eine langsam fortschreitende dorsale Hypotrichose festgestellt. Alle 6 Hunde verloren als adulte Tiere permanent Haare. Die histologischen Untersuchungen zeigten Veränderungen, die einer Follikeldysplasie entsprechen.
Resumen  Se describe la presencia de una hipotricosis dorsal de progresión lenta en cuatro perros de raza Doberman color negro y dos perros de raza Doberman y color rojo. En los seis animales la hipotricosis se inició cuando eran adultos y se mantuvo de forma permanente. Las biopsias cutáneas mostraron cambios histopatológicos compatibles con una displasia folicular.  相似文献   

Closed reduction and surgical fixation of elbow joint luxation in an adult mare and in a 3-month-old foal using knotless bone anchors and FiberTape     

G. Fridel  A. E. Fürst  A. Pozzi  F. Del Chicca  M. A. Jackson 《Equine Veterinary Education》2022,34(7):e274-e281

This report describes the successful surgical stabilisation of elbow joint luxation using knotless bone anchors and FiberTape to repair the medial collateral ligament in an 11-year-old mare (Case 1) and both medial and lateral collateral ligaments in a 3-month-old foal (Case 2). Radiography (both cases) and computed tomography (Case 2) were used to diagnose subluxation (Case 1) and complete luxation (Case 2) with suspected rupture of both collateral ligaments. Case 1 was supported in a rescue sling for 7 weeks postoperatively to prevent recumbency. Recovery was good, and the mare was sound at the walk at the time of discharge 8 weeks after surgery and 1 year later at the follow-up visit. Case 2 was discharged 3 weeks after surgery and was sound at the trot when re-evaluated 2 and 6 months postoperatively. Although elbow luxation accompanied by torn collateral ligaments is rare in horses, successful outcomes have been described. In the present case report, joint stabilisation and a successful outcome were achieved, for the first time, with closed reduction and an open approach for placement of knotless bone anchors and FiberTape. Limitations of our study included inability to directly assess the integrity of the implants during healing and relying mainly on clinical signs to assess healing.  相似文献   

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION OF DYSPLASIA AND PROGRESSION OF OSTEOARTHRITIS IN DOG ELBOWS PREVIOUSLY ASSIGNED OFA GRADES 0 AND 1     

Chelsea M. Kunst  Anthony P. Pease  Nathan C. Nelson  Greg Habing  Elizabeth A. Ballegeer 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2014,55(5):511-520

Elbow dysplasia is a heritable disease that is a common cause of lameness and progressive elbow osteoarthritis in young large breed dogs. The Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) screens elbow radiographs, and assigns grades 0–3 based on presence and severity of bony proliferation on the anconeal process. Grade 1 is assigned when less than 3 mm is present and considered positive for dysplasia. We investigated the incidence of elbow dysplasia and progression of osteoarthritis in elbows with grades 0 and 1 in 46 elbows screened at least 1 year previously, using CT as a gold standard and with the addition of CT absorptiometry. The incidence of dysplasia based on CT was 62% in grade 0, and 75% in grade 1 elbows, all of which had medial coronoid disease. Progressive osteoarthritis at recheck was consistent with elbow dysplasia. The sensitivity and specificity of the OFA grade for elbow dysplasia compared to CT findings was 75% and 38%, respectively. Increased bone mineral density of the medial coronoid process as characterized by osteoabsorptiometry warrants further investigation with respect to elbow dysplasia. Proliferation on the anconeal process without CT evidence of dysplasia or osteoarthritis was present in 20% of the elbows, and is theorized to be an anatomic variant or enthesopathy of the olecranon ligament/synovium. Results of our study suggest that the “anconeal bump” used for elbow screening by the OFA is a relatively insensitive characteristic, and support the use of CT for identifying additional characteristics of elbow dysplasia.  相似文献   

大型犬肘头皮下黏液囊炎的诊治体会     

董海聚  刘芳  郭燕  邓立新 《安徽农业科学》2008,36(12):4989-4990

[目的]介绍大型犬肘头皮下黏液囊炎的诊治过程。[方法]对发病金毛犬进行初步诊断,确诊为肘头皮下黏液囊炎后对其进行手术切除。[结果]发病金毛犬的肘头皮下出现一处肿胀,其与周围有明显的分界。B超检查发现肿胀内有大面积液性暗区,外有强回声包膜。在波动稍明显的部位进行穿刺,可见有清亮黏液流出。根据初诊结果,确诊为肘头皮下黏液囊炎。手术切除该肘头皮下黏液囊后,金毛犬经精心护理后痊愈。[结论]当病情较轻时,应尽量避免切除肘头皮下粘液囊,建议应破坏黏液囊并减少其黏液的过度分泌。  相似文献   

Calcinosis circumscripta and renal dysplasia in a dog     

THELMA LEE GROSS 《Veterinary dermatology》1997,8(1):27-32

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Epidemiology of canine glaucoma presented to University of Zurich from 1995 to 2009. Part 1: Congenital and primary glaucoma (4 and 123 cases)     

Strom AR  Hässig M  Iburg TM  Spiess BM 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2011,14(2):121-126

Objective To investigate the epidemiology of canine congenital and primary glaucoma in the cases presented to the University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty (UZH) from 1995 to 2009. Methods Information was obtained from the computer database of patients examined by members of the UZH Ophthalmology Service, between January 1995 and August 2009. Congenital and primary glaucoma was diagnosed based on the age of onset, the lack of evidence of any antecedent eye conditions, and/or the presence and severity of iridocorneal angle defects. The data was evaluated for breed, gender and age at presentation. Results A total of 5984 dogs presented to the UZH Ophthalmology service between 1995 and 2009. Four dogs of different breed were diagnosed with congenital glaucoma and 123 dogs were diagnosed with primary glaucoma. For the primary glaucomas the overall male to female ratio (M:F) was 1:1.41 and the age of onset ranged from 0.12 to 18.3 years with a mean of 7.3 ± 3.6 years. Data suggested a predisposition for primary glaucoma in the Siberian Husky, Magyar Vizsla and Newfoundland from 2004 to 2009. Conclusion The report presents the epidemiology of canine congenital and primary glaucomas presented to the UZH from 1995 to 2009. A previous suspicion of predisposition for primary glaucoma in the Newfoundland dog (n = 6) and the Magyar Vizsla breed (n = 8) was confirmed.  相似文献