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丹顶鹤“表演”驯化实用技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨丹顶鹤"表演"驯化实用技术,以现代动物行为学和条件反射理论为指导,在对丹顶鹤的生态生物学特征、行为学特点研究的基础上,从雏、幼鸟开始根据动物"印记"行为特点,建立驯养人员和驯化对象的"亲和力",进行丹顶鹤的定向"表演"驯化。经长期的"表演"驯化,丹顶鹤可具有鸣叫、舞蹈、飞翔、伏卧等4种"表演"技能。"非条件反射"的生物学特性和本能行为与驯养人员的"条件反射"技术是丹顶鹤"表演"驯化技术的理论依据和基础条件,"人工驯化"不过是使其经人工长期驯化的"本能"行为在观众(人类)需要欣赏时,在驯养人员的诱发下即时做出相应的条件反射同步"表演"。野生动物的"表演"驯化用于人类的商业、娱乐、文化目的是一个有争议的问题,应做进一步探讨研究。 相似文献
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Patrícia Pereira De Lima Cibele Soares Pontes Maria de Fátima Arruda 《Aquaculture Research》2009,41(1):53-60
Management practices on most Brazilian shrimp farms have resulted in high expenses for producers and damage to the environment. Applied ethology could provide information on the pattern of shrimp activity, enabling more efficient feeding frequencies. Behavioural activities of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were recorded during different feeding frequencies. The shrimp were kept in aquariums on a 12:12 h light/dark cycle. They were fed commercial ration three (at 6:00, 12:00 and 18:00 hours), four (at 6:00, 10:00, 14:00 and 18:00 hours) or seven times per day (at 6:00. 8:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00 and 18:00 hours). We observed animals at 15 min?1 aquarium?1 time periods, recording feeding, substrate exploration, swimming and inactivity. Feeding and exploration were the highest for shrimp fed three times per day, swimming was greatest when animals received four feedings, whereas inactivity was higher for shrimp fed seven times per day. There was greater food ingestion between 12:00 and 14:00 hours for animals fed three and four times per day, whereas swimming was high mainly at 18:00 hours for shrimp fed three and seven times per day. The results indicate higher forage‐related activities (exploration/ingestion) when feed was offered three or four times, suggesting optimization in the pattern of shrimp activities based on these feeding frequencies. 相似文献
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Lais S. B. Dias Dayane de S. Silva Gleidson Giordano P. de Carvalho Maria Leonor G. M. L. de Araújo Fabiano F. da Silva Mara Lúcia A. Pereira Jefferson R. Gandra Victor G. O. Lima Antnio C. S. dos Santos Lucas F. de A. Bulco Vagner M. Leite Jos Esler de Freitas Júnior 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)
This study aimed to investigate the effects of chitosan and whole raw soybean on nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, nitrogen utilization, microbial protein synthesis, blood metabolites, feeding behavior, ruminal fermentation, digesta kinetics, and reticular flow of nutrients of buffaloes. Four ruminally‐cannulated Murrah buffaloes (351 ± 15 kg of initial BW) were randomly assigned according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments were arranged as 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: the first factor was whole raw soybean (WRS), and the second factor was chitosan (CHI) with or without their inclusion in diets. Intake and apparent digestibility of ether extract (p < .01; p = .04, respectively), non‐fiber carbohydrates intake (p = .03) and apparent ruminal digestibility of dry matter (p = .01) were affected by diets. An interaction effect or tendency was observed for microbial nitrogen (p = .09), concentrations, ruminal ammonia nitrogen (p = .05), total volatile fatty acid (p = .03). Association of chitosan with whole raw soybean has potential effects as a modulator of rumen fermentation; therefore, chitosan can be applied as an alternative non‐ionophore for Murrah buffaloes. 相似文献
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Cibele Soares Pontes Patricia Pereira De Lima Maria de Fátima Arruda 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(13):1416-1422
In shrimp farms, food partitioning during the course of the day is contradictory, ethology studies may help in determining the proper frequency. Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles were placed in 30 L aquariums (41 m−2), exposed to a 12:12 h light–dark cycle. Feeding was provided at 10% of biomass three, four and seven times per day, with observations made in 15 min h−1 windows, initiated after the ration was offered. Latency to access the feeding tray and to start eating was recorded using instantaneous focal sampling and digestive tract filling (DTF) by the continuous focal method. Weight gain was recorded at the end of the experiment. We performed seven repetitions, with 28 individuals observed for 33 days for each treatment (490 h of observation). The three-times offering induced less latency for accessing the tray and for ingesting the feed as well as a higher DTF when compared with the other frequencies. Animals fed three and four times had similar weight gains, and were greater than those fed seven times. Our results indicate that a more spaced food offering stimulates the search for and ingestion of feed. As compared with other frequencies, the three-times-per-day option assumes lower labour costs and a more efficient use of the feed. 相似文献
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Cibele Soares Pontes Maria de Fatima Arruda Alexandre Augusto de Lara Menezes & Patrícia Pereira de Lima 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(10):1001-1006
Lack of information on the daily activity patterns of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone 1931) might result in inadequate feed management strategies in shrimp farms. In order to provide information to improve feed management in shrimp farms, the daily activity of juvenile shrimp reared in glass aquaria was studied, using L. vannamei (7.57±1.01 g), equivalent to 33 shrimp m?2. Thirty‐two shrimp were observed, half in light and half in dark phase, over 280 h in 15 min h?1 windows. Feed was provided once a day, at 10% of tank biomass. Swimming, exploration of substrate, inactivity and cleaning were recorded through instantaneous focal sampling. During the dark phase, swimming was predominant and alternated with exploration. In the light phase, inactivity was predominant, and again alternated with exploration. Cleaning occurred evenly in both the light and the dark. Substrate exploration, which characterizes the search for food, occurred in both dark and light phases, with a most intense peak 7 h after light phase onset, indicating this as the optimal feed offer. 相似文献
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Influence of stocking density on the behaviour of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Felipe P. da Costa Brenda Suellen Franklin de Farias Gomes Silvia Dinara do Nascimento Alves Pereira Maria de Fátima Arruda 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(3):912-924
Applied ethology can help to improve Litopenaeus vannamei aquaculture. Our purpose was to demonstrate an influence of stocking density on behaviour. The shrimp were first distributed in aquaria and observed via an ad libitum observational method to construct an ethogram of social and feeding behavioural categories. The resulting ethogram consisted of retreat, cannibalism, getting to the feeding tray, occupying the feeding tray and getting feed. We then kept shrimp in aquaria at densities of 50, 75 and 100 animals m?2 and observed them via a behavioural sampling method using our ethogram as well as focal animal sampling of behaviours derived from the literature. These literature‐derived behaviours consisted of inactivity, feeding, crawling, exploration, burying, swimming and cleaning. We found that stocking density affects the behaviour of the shrimp. Optimal searching and feeding and a low frequency of crawling and swimming occurred at a density of 50 animals m?2, indicating a higher potential for growth and welfare at this density. 相似文献
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