饲粮精料水平和蛋氨酸铬添加剂量对舍饲滩羊生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和脂肪沉积的影响     

金亚东  贾柔  周玉香  马青 《动物营养学报》2021,33(2)

本试验旨在探究饲粮精料水平和蛋氨酸铬(Cr-Met)添加剂量对舍饲滩羊生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和脂肪沉积的影响。采用2×3双因素试验设计,2个因素分别为饲粮精料水平和Cr-Met添加剂量,其中饲粮精料水平分别设为35%(低精料饲粮,饲粮精粗比为35∶65)和55%(高精料饲粮,饲粮精粗比为55∶45),Cr-Met添加剂量分别设为0、0.75和1.50 g/(d·只)。将60只雄性滩羊羔羊[平均体重为(21±1)kg]随机分配到6个试验组,每组10只。试验期为80 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期65 d。结果显示:1)与低精料饲粮组相比,高精料饲粮组滩羊的平均日增重、屠宰率、背膘厚度、肌内脂肪含量和后腿肉比重显著增加(P<0.05),但料重比与肌肉蒸煮损失、剪切力、pH、亮度(L*)值、红度(a*)值和黄度(b*)值则显著降低(P<0.05)。2)低精料饲粮组滩羊背膘厚度、皮下脂肪厚度、肌内脂肪含量和后腿肉比重随Cr-Met添加剂量的增加而线性降低(P<0.05),但肌肉pH则线性升高(P<0.05)。3)高精料饲粮组滩羊肋肉比重、腰肉比重以及肌肉剪切力和pH随Cr-Met添加剂量的增加而线性升高(P<0.05),而肌内脂肪含量和肌肉a*值则线性降低(P<0.05)。综合本试验测定指标,建议在滩羊养殖中选择精粗比为55∶45的高精料饲粮,Cr-Met的适宜添加剂量为1.50 g/(d·只),且不建议在精粗比为35∶65的低精料饲粮中添加Cr-Met。  相似文献   

沙蒿多糖组合制剂对滩羊羔羊瘤胃菌群多样性的影响     

金鹿  李胜利  桑丹  张崇志  张春华  张俊丽  施安  孙海洲  李聚才 《动物营养学报》2021,33(1)

本试验旨在研究沙蒿多糖不同组合制剂对滩羊羔羊瘤胃菌群多样性的影响。选择健康、体重相近的断奶滩羊公羔60只,按体重随机分为4个组,每组15只羊。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组、试验2组和试验3组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加5.5 g/d沙蒿多糖+5.5 g/d包被丁酸钠、5.5 g/d沙蒿多糖+5.5 g/d丁酸甘油酯和5.5 g/d沙蒿多糖+1.1 g/d莫能菌素的试验饲粮。预试期为15 d,正试期为60 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验1组和试验2组滩羊瘤胃液乙酸、丁酸、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度和乙酸比例显著提高(P<0.05)。2)试验2组的Chao1指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验2组的Shannon指数和Simpson指数有高于对照组的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10)。3)门水平上,与对照组相比,试验1组瘤胃液中软壁菌门的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),厚壁菌门和丝状杆菌门的相对丰度有升高的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10);试验2组瘤胃液中绿弯菌门的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),而疣微菌门的相对丰度有升高的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10);试验3组瘤胃液中蓝藻菌门和互养菌门的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05)。4)属水平上,与对照组相比,试验1组瘤胃液中理研菌科RC9的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05),解琥珀酸菌属和丹毒丝菌属的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05);试验2组瘤胃液中Sharpea的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05),假丁酸弧菌属的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05);试验3组瘤胃液中理研菌科RC9和Sharpea的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05),互营球菌属的相对丰度有增加的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10)。由此可见,饲粮添加沙蒿多糖组合制剂均可提高滩羊羔羊菌群多样性,改善瘤胃微生物区系,且以添加沙蒿多糖+包被丁酸钠的效果最好。  相似文献   

张家川县放牧补饲条件下的肉牛增重试验     

杨秉玺 《中国牛业科学》2003,29(5):35-36

经对12—18月龄西杂一代阉牛10头,采取以放牧为主、夜间补饲,育肥90d,试验表明试验组平均总增重86.4±44.4kg,平均日增重0.96±0.69kg,12月龄的6头日增重1kg,育肥效果显著。  相似文献   

纤维板表面粉末涂料的涂饰工艺     

门全胜  张文标  李文珠  范增霞 《浙江林学院学报》2004,21(4):437-441

研究一种在纤维板表面进行粉末涂装再转移印花的新工艺.结果表明:纤维板粉末涂装基材预处理采用预热干燥,表面砂光,控制含水率为6%～8%;喷涂上粉量为333.33～388.89 g·m-2;固化条件为180 ℃,15～25 min.采用干燥箱中热转移方式,转移印花温度为(160±10)℃,时间15～20 min.按GB/T 4893-85和GB/T1733-79测试涂膜性能,涂膜附着力等级为2级,耐磨性等级为1级,耐水性合格,耐液性等级为1级.图1表4参9  相似文献   

固态发酵醋糟饲料对育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清指标及粪便中挥发性脂肪酸含量的影响     

杨立杰  薛新升  宋青龙  魏立杰  黄金秀  曾祥芳  谯仕彦 《动物营养学报》2020,(4):1576-1585

本试验旨在研究固态发酵醋糟饲料(SFVD)对育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清指标及粪便中挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量的影响。选择体况相近[(59.04±0.33)kg]的健康“杜×长×大”三元杂交生长育肥猪60头,随机分为2个组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮+150 mg/kg土霉素钙,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+5%的SFVD。预试期6 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,基础饲粮中添加5%的SFVD对育肥猪平均日采食量(ADFI)具有一定的促进趋势(P=0.056);显著降低了育肥猪饲粮中干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、有机物(OM)和总能(GE)的表观消化率(P<0.05),对粗脂肪(EE)表观消化率有一定的促进趋势(P=0.052);显著提高了育肥猪血清谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05),血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量也呈现出一定的升高趋势(P=0.055和P=0.077);显著提高了育肥猪粪便中丙酸含量(P<0.05),粪便中甲酸和总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量也呈现出一定的升高趋势(P=0.071和P=0.054)。由此可见,基础饲粮中添加5%的SFVD对育肥猪生长性能、肠道健康及免疫性能的提高具有潜在的促进作用。  相似文献   

口感化及颗粒化开食料对早期断奶羔羊生长和胃肠道发育的影响     

蔡小芳  张成新  李勇  刘鹏  李彩联  郭艳丽 《草业科学》2021,38(8):1596-1604

分析探讨口感化及颗粒化开食料对早期断奶羔羊生长和胃肠道发育的影响。选取新生健康的双羔湖羊公羔42只,随机分为两组,分别饲喂颗粒化和口感化开食料,试验期42 d。两组羔羊21日龄之前的采食量、体重和绝对生长的变化趋势相似。21日龄以后,口感化开食料组羔羊的采食量、体重、绝对生长和相对生长均明显高于颗粒化开食料组,42日龄体重、后两周的采食量及15～21日龄的相对生长率在两组间有显著差异(P < 0.05)。口感化开食料还显著提高(P < 0.05)了羔羊42日龄时的育肥指数、体长指数、胸围指数、管围指数和断奶前的瘤胃质量和瘤胃/胴体。以上结果表明,与颗粒化开食料相比,口感化开食料更有利于羔羊早期断奶前后的瘤胃发育、采食量提高、体重和体尺的发育,但对其他胃室及肠道发育没有影响。  相似文献   

基于转录组测序分析研究枸芪多糖对育肥猪肠黏膜免疫功能的作用机理     

霍金金  褚耀诚  金娜  李祯  郝壮  陈长增  李建东  刘凤华 《动物营养学报》2021,33(2)

本试验旨在研究枸芪多糖对育肥猪肠黏膜免疫调控的关键基因,阐明其对肠黏膜免疫功能的可能作用机理。选用80~90日龄的健康育肥母猪180头,随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复15头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加0.1%的枸芪多糖,试验期90 d。采集育肥猪的空肠肠段,提取RNA后进行转录组测序分析差异免疫基因的表达。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加枸芪多糖差异表达的免疫基因有75个,其中有26个上调基因和49个下调基因。2)基因本体(GO)富集分析显示差异表达基因主要参与免疫调节、免疫应答和应激反应,信号通路分析显示差异表达基因主要富集在以白细胞介素-17(IL-17)信号通路、NOD样受体信号通路为主的免疫信号通路。3)通过对肠黏膜差异表达的关键基因原癌基因Jun(JUN)和原癌基因Fos(FOS)的探究可见,与对照组相比,试验组白细胞介素-18(IL-18)、补体5(C5)、JUN和FOS的基因表达受到抑制,Jun和Fos的蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,在饲粮中添加枸芪多糖可提高肥育猪的肠黏膜免疫功能。枸芪多糖通过调节JUN、FOS、IL-18等免疫相关基因的表达,影响IL-17和NOD样受体信号通路,以此来抑制炎症反应。  相似文献   

Effects of apple pomace‐mixed silage on growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs          下载免费PDF全文

Jiachen Fang  Yang Cao  Masatoshi Matsuzaki  Hiroyuki Suzuki  Hirofumi Kimura 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(12):1516-1521

We measured the growth performance and meat quality of 10 crossbred (Yorkshire × Duroc × Landrace) neutered male pigs to evaluate the effects of apple pomace‐mixed silage (APMS). The pigs were divided into two groups and were respectively fed the control feed and the AMPS ad libitum during the experiment. No difference was found in the finished body weight, average daily gain, carcass weight, back fat thickness or dressing ratio between the control and the AMPS treatments, but average dairy feed intake (dry matter) was significantly lower and feed efficiency was significantly higher using the APMS treatment (P < 0.05). With regard to meat quality, the APMS increased the moisture content but decreased the water holding capacity (P < 0.05) compared with the control treatment. Furthermore, the APMS affected the fatty acid composition of the back fat by increasing linoleic acid (C18:2n6), linolenic acid (C18:3) and arachidic acid (C20:0) levels, while decreasing palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and heptadecenoic acid (C17:1) levels, compared with the control treatment. These results indicate that feeding fermented apple pomace to finishing pigs increases the feed efficiency and affects the meat quality and fatty acid composition of back fat.  相似文献   

Effects of amino acids supplementation in low crude protein diets on growth performance,carcass traits and serum parameters in finishing gilts          下载免费PDF全文

Yanrong Chen  Zhentian Li 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(10):1252-1257

This study investigated the effects of amino acids (AA) supplementation in low crude protein (CP) diets on growth performance and carcass characteristics in finishing gilts. One hundred and eighty gilts (59.1 ± 5.1 kg) were randomly allotted to one of five diets which consisted of a high CP (15.6%) diet or four low CP (11.6%) diets for 50 days. The low CP diets were supplemented with lysine + threonine + methionine (LCM), LCM + tryptophan (LCT), LCT + valine (LCV) or LCV + isoleucine (LCI), respectively. Gilts were housed at six pigs per pen with six pens per treatment. At the end of the 50‐day experiment, 30 gilts (one pig per pen) with average body weight (BW) of 98 kg were killed to evaluate carcass traits. The pigs fed the diet supplemented with LCV obtained the highest average daily gain (ADG), which was higher than those of pigs fed the diet supplemented with LCM (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with tryptophan, valine and isoleucine in low CP diets increased ADG (linear and quadratic effect, P < 0.05), serum levels of valine (quadratic effect, P < 0.05) and isoleucine (linear and quadratic effect, P < 0.05) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA (linear and quadratic effect, P < 0.05) in finishing gilts. © 2016 Japanese Society of Animal Science  相似文献   

Two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter of the ovine myostatin gene (MSTN) and their effect on growth and carcass muscle traits in New Zealand Romney sheep          下载免费PDF全文

J. Wang  H. Zhou  J. Hu  S. Li  Y. Luo  J.G.H. Hickford 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2016,133(3):219-226

Myostatin is a negative regulator of muscle growth and development in mammals, and variation in ovine myostatin gene (MSTN) has been demonstrated to be associated with variation in the muscularity of sheep. Polymerase chain reaction–single‐stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR–SSCP) was used to look for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a 304‐bp amplicon from the promoter region of ovine MSTN. Sequence analyses revealed two previously identified SNPs (c.?2449G/C and c. ?2379T/C) that resulted in three haplotypes (H₁ (c.[?2449G; ?2379C]), H₂ (c.[?2449C; ?2379C]) and H₃ (c.[?2449G; ?2379T]). The effect of these SNPs on growth and carcass traits was investigated in 357 NZ Romney lambs. General linear mixed‐effect models revealed that sheep with the genotype c.?2449GC had a higher loin meat yield (p = 0.032) and proportion loin yield (p = 0.028), than those with the genotype c.?2449GG. The genotype c.?2379CC was associated with an increase in three weight traits: birthweight (p = 0.003), tailing weight (p = 0.009) and weaning weight (p = 0.028), when compared with the genotype c.?2379TC, but it was not found to have an association with growth rate. This suggests that c.?2379T/C has an effect that originates at, or before birth. Haplotype H₃ was associated with a decrease in birthweight (p = 0.002), tailing weight (p = 0.003) and weaning weight (p = 0.011). Haplotype H₂ was associated with increased loin yield (p = 0.012) and proportion loin yield (p = 0.002). The SNPs may have value as genetic markers for improved Romney breeding.  相似文献