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建立同时测定4种氟喹诺酮类抗菌物(左氧氟沙星、培氟沙星、沙拉沙星和洛美沙星)的高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)法。考察了缓冲液离子浓度和pH、分离电压、运行温度等电泳参数,确立了最佳的电泳条件:缓冲液为10 mmol/L磷酸二氢钾-20 mmol/L硼砂(pH9.0,内含35mmol/L SDS),紫外检测波长278 nm,分离电压28 kV,运行温度25℃。结果表明,4种药物在8min内得到完全分离,分离度R为1.2以上。方法精密度(RSD)为0.22%~0.26%(迁移时间)和1.36%~2.39%(峰面积),回收率99.60%以上。该法快速、简便、准确。 相似文献
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鸡大肠杆菌O78对喹诺酮类药物高耐药株的分子鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
就临床分离的鸡大肠杆菌O78对喹诺酮类药物的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）进行了测定，得到对喹诺酮类药物有不同耐药水平的细菌23株。根据GenBank已公布的QRDRs序列，设计了分剐扩增gyrA、gyrB、parC和parE基因的4对引物，以筛选的23株耐药菌DNA为模板，进行了PCR扩增。序列分析及AcrA的Western blotting检测结果表明，临床分离的鸡大肠杆菌对喹诺酮类药物的耐药水平与GyrA和ParC的突变密切相关，而AcrAB外输泵的表达水平无显著变化。提示临床分离的鸡大肠杆菌O78的耐药水平与喹诺酮类药物的选择性压力有关，它诱导了DNA旋转酶和拓扑异构酶IV的基因突变，可能不能激活AcrAB外输泵。 相似文献
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在离体条件下进行患病鱼体内分离的嗜水气单胞菌3个菌株对四环素类和氟喹诺酮类药物的耐药性获得、稳定性、保存条件和交叉耐药性研究.结果表明:分别在含有盐酸多西环素、盐酸四环素、诺氟沙星和左氧氟沙星的药物培养基中连续传代9次(在28℃条件下培养72 h为1代)后,四环素类对3个菌株的最小抑菌浓度上升倍数为8～32倍,氟喹诺酮... 相似文献
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高效液相色谱-荧光检测畜禽粪污中四种氟喹诺酮类抗生素残留 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了建立高效液相色谱-荧光测定畜禽粪污中氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星残留的分析方法,将畜禽粪便样品经乙腈超声提取,再经正己烷液-液萃取,并经氮吹浓缩,乙腈与水混合溶解残渣,过微孔滤膜,采用高效液相色谱-荧光检测,以0.01 mol/L四丁基溴化胺(pH 3.0)/乙腈(94/6,V/V)为流动相,于激发波长280 nm、发射波长480 nm处进行检测。结果表明,畜禽粪污样品中4种喹诺酮类抗生素的平均回收率为77.8%～98.2%,相对标准偏差为3.5%～7.2%,检测限为0.005～0.010μg/kg。该方法简便、快速,可满足畜禽粪污中4种喹诺酮类兽药残留量的同时检测。 相似文献
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耐氟喹诺酮类鸡源性沙门氏菌DNA旋转酶gyrA基因序列分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
取临床分离的对5种氟喹诺酮类药物(环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星、单诺沙星和沙拉沙星)均耐药的9株鸡源性沙门氏菌耐药株,提取其染色体DNA。设计引物gyrAF和gyrAR扩增其DNA旋转酶gyrA基因的氟喹诺酮类耐药决定区(QRDR),对PCR扩增产物进行测序及序列分析。与质控菌株相比,9株临床分离耐药株中只有菌株38和60的gyrA基因发生单碱基突变,菌株38的gyrA基因第371位碱基发生C→T突变,菌株60的gyrA基因第350位碱基发生A→C突变,两处突变均位于QRDR内,其余菌株的核苷酸未发生任何突变。菌株38的碱基突变导致gyrA基因第121位氨基酸发生R→C取代,即Arg→Cys;菌株60的碱基突变导致gyrA基因第114位氨基酸发生M→L取代,即Met→Leu。上述结果提示,gyrA基因QRDR突变并非沙门氏菌耐药性产生的主要原因。 相似文献
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通过N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活性酯法将诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、达氟沙星和沙拉沙星分别与牛血清白蛋白偶联制备免疫抗原,与卵清白蛋白偶联制备检测抗原,筛选一种可用于多种氟喹诺酮残留的检测抗体。将免疫抗原分别免疫獭兔制备多克隆抗体,采用间接竞争ELISA法测定抗体特异性。诺氟沙星抗体特异性较强,与同类药物的交叉反应较少,沙拉沙星抗体与同类药物发生交叉反应最多,且与诺氟沙星、环丙沙星和恩诺沙星的交叉反应率较高。结果表明,确定沙拉沙星抗体作为进一步研究的抗体。 相似文献
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This study aimed at gaining information on the presence of Salmonella in UK turkey hatcheries and possible epidemiological links between breeding farms, hatcheries and finishing farms. The presence of ciprofloxacin‐resistant E. coli in hatchery samples, as well as in faecal samples from farms, and trends in occurrence of resistance were also investigated. Over a 2 year‐period, four British turkey hatcheries were visited and intensively sampled for the presence of Salmonella and ciprofloxacin‐resistant E. coli. In two hatcheries, a link could be demonstrated between the presence of certain Salmonella serovars in the hatcheries and on breeding and finishing farms. Within the hatcheries, serovars linked to breeding farms were found more frequently in the poult processing and dispatch areas, whereas serovars identified as ‘resident hatchery contaminants’ were predominantly found inside the hatcher cabinets. Ciprofloxacin‐resistant isolates of S. Senftenberg were identified in one hatchery, which coincided with enrofloxacin treatment of some of the breeding flocks. Ciprofloxacin‐resistant E. coli was found in two hatcheries, and the majority of these isolates showed multidrug resistance. 相似文献
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氟喹诺酮类药物(FQs)耐药性产生的分子机制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
随着氟喹诺酮类药物的广泛使用，细菌对该类药物产生耐药性日趋严重，这引起了国内外的高度重视。本文就FQs耐药性产生的分子机制，即药靶的改变，药物在菌体内蓄积浓度下降及由质粒介导的耐药等机制做了综述。 相似文献
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Agnieszka Szuster‐Ciesielska Renata Urban‐Chmiel Andrzej Wernicki Laurent Mascaron Marek Wasak Eric Bousquet 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(1):85-103
Escherichia coli is one of the major pathogens in humans and animals causing localized and systemic infections, which often lead to acute inflammation, watery diarrhea, and hemorrhagic colitis. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Shiga exotoxins (Stx) are mostly responsible for such clinical signs. Therefore, highly effective treatment of E. coli infections should include both eradication of bacteria and neutralization of their toxins. Here, for the first time, we compared the in vitro ability of common antibiotics to decrease LPS‐ and Stx‐mediated cytotoxicity: colistin, amoxicillin (used separately or combined), enrofloxacin, and its metabolite ciprofloxacin. Three experimental scenarios were realized as follows: (a) the direct effect of antibiotics on endotoxin, (b) the effect of antibiotic treatment on LPS‐mediated cytotoxicity in an experiment mimicking “natural infection,” (c) the effect of antibiotics to decrease Stx2e‐mediated cytotoxicity. Two cell lines, A549 and Vero cells, were used to perform cytotoxic assays with the methyl tetrazolium (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase leakage (LDH) methods, respectively. Colistin and amoxicillin, especially used in combination, were able to attenuate LPS toxic effect, which was reflected by increase in A549 cell viability. In comparison with other antibiotics, the combination of colistin and amoxicillin exhibited the highest boster or additive effect in protecting cells against LPS‐ and Stx2e‐induced toxicity. In summary, in comparison with fluoroquinolones, the combination of colistin and amoxicillin at concentrations similar to those achieved in plasma of treated animals exhibited the highest ability to attenuate LPS‐ and Stx2e‐mediated cytotoxicity. 相似文献