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1.
赖氨酸采食量对早期断奶仔猪生长发育及胰腺内分泌机能的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
将55头21日龄断奶的雄性仔猪随机分为5组，各组仔猪饲喂赖氨酸含量为0．60％、0．80％、1．00％、1．20％和1．40％的试验日粮21d。42日龄结束饲养试验时进行葡萄糖灌注试验，观察赖氨酸采食量对早期断奶仔猪生长发育和胰腺内分泌的影响。结果表明：早期断奶仔猪体增重与赖氨酸采食量为强正相关，根椐体增重指标，21～42日龄阶段，仔猪的赖氨酸采食量不应低于3．16g／d，日粮赖氨酸含量不应低于1.40％。赖氨酸严重缺乏(采食量小于1．45g／d)时，胰岛素的分泌量下降，对高血糖应激的反应能力降低。 相似文献
2.
Kazuhisa Honda 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(9):1090-1098
The regulatory mechanisms underlying food intake in chickens have been a focus of research in recent decades to improve production efficiency when raising chickens. Lines of evidence have revealed that a number of brain‐gut peptides function as a neurotransmitter or peripheral satiety hormone in the regulation of food intake both in mammals and chickens. Glucagon, a 29 amino acid peptide hormone, has long been known to play important roles in maintaining glucose homeostasis in mammals and birds. However, the glucagon gene encodes various peptides that are produced by tissue‐specific proglucagon processing: glucagon is produced in the pancreas, whereas oxyntomodulin (OXM), glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1 and GLP‐2 are produced in the intestine and brain. Better understanding of the roles of these peptides in the regulation of energy homeostasis has led to various physiological roles being proposed in mammals. For example, GLP‐1 functions as an anorexigenic neurotransmitter in the brain and as a postprandial satiety hormone in the peripheral circulation. There is evidence that OXM and GLP‐2 also induce anorexia in mammals. Therefore, it is possible that the brain‐gut peptides OXM, GLP‐1 and GLP‐2 play physiological roles in the regulation of food intake in chickens. More recently, a novel GLP and its specific receptor were identified in the chicken brain. This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of glucagon‐related peptides in the regulation of food intake in chickens. 相似文献
3.
Effects of butafosfan with or without cyanocobalamin on the metabolism of early lactating cows with subclinical ketosis 
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下载免费PDF全文 U. Nuber H. A. van Dorland R. M. Bruckmaier 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(1):146-155
Fifty‐one dairy cows with subclinical ketosis were used to investigate the effects of butafosfan alone or in combination with cyanocobalamin on metabolism. Treatments included i.v. injection of 10 ml/100 kg of body weight with butafosfan (BUT) or combined cyanocobalamin with butafosfan (BUTCO) at a similar concentration as in Catosal®. Control cows (CON) received a 0.9% saline solution. Cows were injected on days 1–3 at 22.3 ± 0.7 days post‐partum. Milk production and composition were not affected by the treatments. In plasma, CON cows had a significantly higher plasma NEFA concentration (0.59 ± 0.03 mm ) across the study period than BUTCO cows (p < 0.05; 0.42 ± 0.03 mm ), whereas the plasma NEFA concentration of BUT was intermediate (0.52 ± 0.03 mm ) but not significantly different from CON. Both BUTCO and BUT cows had lower (p < 0.05) plasma BHBA concentrations (1.02 ± 0.06 mm and 1.21 ± 0.06 mm , respectively) across the study period than CON (1.34 ± 0.06 mm ). Plasma glucose was not different between treatments, but plasma glucagon concentrations were consistently high in BUT compared to BUTCO and CON. Lowest post‐treatment glucagon levels were observed in BUTCO. Hepatic mRNA abundance of liver X receptor α, a nuclear receptor protein involved in lipid metabolism, was higher in BUTCO compared to BUT and CON (p < 0.05) on day 7. Furthermore, on day 7, the mRNA abundance of beta‐hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 2 was higher in BUTCO compared to BUT and CON (p < 0.01). In conclusion, injections of combined cyanocobalamin with butafosfan post‐partum in early lactation ketotic dairy cows act on lipid metabolism with effects on plasma metabolites, most likely mediated via modified activity of key factors in the liver. Results indicate that the application of butafosfan only in combination with cyanocobalamin exhibits the expected positive effects on metabolism. 相似文献
4.
Viable Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa) hepatocytes were isolated from combined or separated large and small lobes and carbohydrate metabolism was studied. Cells
had low levels of glycogen (16–30 μmol·g−1), and low rates of total glucose production (TGP; 0–480 nmol·h−1·g−1 cells). Lactate flux to glucose (5.5 nmol·h−1·g−1) and CO2 (76 nmol·h−1·g−1) was lower than reported values for teleosts, with a low percentage (30%) of the lactate carbon reaching glucose. Insulin
significantly increased total glucose production and gluconeogenesis and decreased 6-phosphofructo 1-kinase (PFK-1) activities
and glucose oxidation, while glucagon was without effect on any parameter studied. Forskolin significantly increased TGP.
Epinephrine (Epi), norepinephrine (NEpi), isoproterenol (Iso), and phenylephrine (Phe) all decreased CO2 production from lactate; propanolol blocked the effects of Epi, NEpi, and Iso. The large lobe, accounting for 65% of total
liver mass, had a higher glycogen content and higher CO2 production from lactate compared to the small lobe. Furthermore, enzyme activities in the large lobe were greater than in
the small lobe, with the exception of glycogen phosphorylase (GPase) which exhibited smaller %a values in the large lobe.
These data indicate the presence of a hormonally-responsive carbohydrate metabolism in hagfish hepatocytes, which is qualitatively
and quantitatively different between the two liver lobes. 相似文献
5.
6.
Dr Anne Sundby K. Eliassen T. Refstie Erika M. Plisetskaya 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1991,9(3):223-230
Plasma levels of insulin in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss, Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar, and Pacific coho salmon,Oncorhynchus kisutch and plasma circulating levels of glucagon and glucagon-like peptide, in rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon, were measured by homologous radioimmunoassays. Hormonal levels were compared against the average body weight of the same group of fish. Plasma insulin levels were significantly correlated (r=0.56, 0.46 and 0.42 respectively) with body weight in all three salmonid species. Moreover, rainbow trout from fast-growing families had significantly higher (p<0.005) plasma insulin levels than did fish from slow-growing families. Plasma titres of glucagon and glucagon-like peptide were always lower than insulin titres and did not correlate with body weight.Reported in part at Satellite Symposium on Applications of Comparative Endocrinology to Fish Culture, Almunecar, Spain (Sundby, 1989). 相似文献
7.
将围产期健康乳牛30头随机分为3组，分别于产前第28d开始饲喂标准日粮（能量摄入i00％组）、标准日粮增加20％的日粮（能量摄入120％组）和标准日粮减少20％的日粮（能量摄入80％组），产后备组乳牛均饲喂标准泌乳日粮，至产后第56d结束，观察干奶期不同能量摄入水平对围产期健康乳牛血液葡萄糖、胰高血糖素和胰岛素浓度的影响。结果表明，产前低能饲喂可以增加围产期乳牛血浆葡萄糖浓度，干奶期不同能量摄入水平对围产期健康乳牛血液葡萄糖、胰高血糖素和胰岛素浓度起重要调节作用。 相似文献
8.
Mohammad M. Monir Kohzy Hiramatsu Sachiko Matsumoto Kei Nishimura Chihiro Takemoto Tomomi Shioji Takafumi Watanabe Kazumi Kita Shinichi Yonekura Sang Gun Roh 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(5):581-587
Influences of a specific dietary nutrient on glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1‐containing cells in the chicken intestine are not yet clear. Significance of dietary protein level on GLP‐1‐containing cells in the chicken ileum was investigated. Chickens fed control or experimental diets of varying protein levels were examined using immunohistochemical and morphometrical techniques. We show that the protein ingestion had an impact on the activities of GLP‐1‐immunoreactive cells in the chicken ileum. Weight gains declined with decreasing dietary crude protein (CP) levels, but no significant differences were detected in the daily feed intake and villous height. GLP‐1‐immunoreactive cells with a round or oval shape were frequently observed in the lower CP level groups (4.5% and 0%). Frequencies of occurrence of GLP‐1‐immunoreactive cells were 41.1 ± 4.1, 38.5 ± 4, 34.8 ± 3.1 and 34.3 ± 3.7 (cells/mm2, mean ± SD) for dietary CP level of 18%, 9%, 4.5% and 0% groups, respectively and significant differences were recognized between the control and lower CP level groups (P < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis indicated a significant correlation between the daily protein intake and frequencies of occurrence of GLP‐1‐immunoreactive cells. The protein ingestion is one of the signals that influence GLP‐1‐containing cells in the chicken small intestine. 相似文献
9.
12头健康禁食公水牛分为3组。组Ⅰ(n=6)与组Ⅱ(n=3)分别经颈静脉快速注射50%葡萄糖和0.9%生理盐水各2 mL.kg-1;组Ⅲ(n=3)为对照,不作处理。分别于注射前60、10 m in及注射后1、5、10、30、60、120、180、240、300、360和420 m in采血,立即测定血浆葡萄糖及胰岛素和胰高血糖素,分析各指标间的相关性及血浆胰岛素/血糖值(IGR1)和胰岛素/胰高血糖素值(IGR2)。结果显示:注射前,各组水牛血浆葡萄糖、胰岛素和胰高血糖素的浓度接近。组Ⅱ和组Ⅲ水牛的上述指标在所有采样时间点上组内和组间均未表现出显著性差异(P>0.05),IGR1和IGR2也没有明显变化。组Ⅰ水牛静注葡萄糖1 m in后血糖浓度迅速升至峰值,而血浆胰岛素30 m in后才升高(约20倍)至峰值,然后两者均缓慢下降,直到420 m in仍明显高于注射前的水平(P<0.05)。而胰高血糖素仅在注射葡萄糖后1和5 m in时显示出差异(P<0.05),IGR1在注射葡萄糖(组Ⅰ)后立即下降,至注射后180 m in,组Ⅰ的IGR1和IGR2与组Ⅱ和组Ⅲ的基本持平。相关性分析表明,血糖浓度与血浆胰岛素水平呈极显著正相关(r=0.73,P<0.01),与胰高血糖素浓度呈显著负相关(r=-0.58,P<0.05),但胰岛素水平与胰高血糖素浓度相关性不显著(r=0.06,P>0.05)。提示:水牛胰岛素代谢迟缓,对静注的葡萄糖清除缓慢,表现出持续性高血糖症和高胰岛素血症;水牛对于静注葡萄糖的反应不同于奶牛、犬、马等其他动物。 相似文献
10.
The role of glycogen phosphorylase in the regulation of glycogenolysis by insulin and glucagon in isolated eel (Anguilla rostrata) hepatocytes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effects of porcine, scombroid, and salmon insulins, and bovine and anglerfish glucagons on glycogen depletion and glycogen
phosphorylase (GPase) activities were examined in freshly isolated American eel (Anguilla rostrata) hepatocytes. Eel liver GPase in crude homogenates was activated (increase in % GPase a) by phosphorylating conditions and was rapidly inactivated (less than 1 h) when a phosphatase inhibitor (fluoride) was absent.
Caffeine inhibits, and AMP activates, the b form of GPase consistent with their effects on rat liver GPase. Both mammalian and fish glucagons increased glucose production
in eel hepatocytes, but had more ambiguous effects on glycogen levels and GPase activities. The magnitude of bovine glucagon
effects were dependent on the initial glycogen content of the cells; only at glycogen concentrations less than approximately
70 μmoles.g−1 did glucagon significantly increase % GPase a. Anglerfish glucagon significantly increased cyclic AMP (cAMP) concentrations by 90% at 10−7 M, but had no effects at 10−9 M and 10−8 M. Scombroid and salmon insulins maintained hepatocyte glycogen concentrations and decreased glucose production, with these
effects more pronounced at low (10−9 to 10−8 M) rather than high (10−7 M) hormone concentrations. Porcine and salmon insulins decreased total GPase and % GPase a activities, and salmon insulin decreased CAMP levels, but only at 10−8 M (by 44%).
Glycogen is, therefore, depleted by glucagon and maintained by insulin in freshly isolated American eel hepatocytes, and these
changes are accomplished, at least in part, by changes in the activities of GPase. Changes in cAMP do not explain all of the
observed hormone effects. 相似文献