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H.A.P. Urlings A.J. Mug A.Th. van ‘t Klooster P.G.H. Bijker J.G. van Logtestijn L.G.M. van Gils 《The Veterinary quarterly》2013,33(4):146-151
Summary Broiler by‐products (heads, feet, and viscera) mixed with 4% dextrose were pasteurized for 4 min at 90°C core temperature, cooled to 20°C, and fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum as starter culture. These fermented poultry by‐products were fed to 12 individually housed fattening pigs as part (17.6% of the dry matter) of their fattening ration, the remainder composed of compound pig feed. Control pigs received a compound pig feed only. Both groups of pigs were fed restrictively on the basis of body weight. The technical results of the pigs fed the experimental diet showed a significantly improved feed:gain ratio (2.46 vs 2.57), a significantly higher carcass weight (86.1 vs 81.8 kg), a lower meat percentage (50.9 vs 52.5%) and an increased backfat thickness (21.5 vs 18.7%). The bacterial flora in the intestinal tract of the pigs fed the experimental diet differed significantly from the control animals. Decreased colony counts of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, enterococci and lactobacilli were found in the rectal content and the prevalence of salmonella was lower. It is suggested that the improved feed:gain ratio and the reduced bacterial activity of the measured groups of bacteria is a result of 1) the higher energy content of the diet, and(or) 2) an assumed enhanced digestibility of nutritional components in the diet, and(or) 3) the lower incidence of diarrhea in the pigs fed with fermented poultry by‐products. This resulted in a lower contamination level of enteropathogenic bacteria like, salmonella and Escherichia coli, in the gastro‐intestinal tract of the pigs fed fermented poultry by‐products. 相似文献
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Kohn B Galke D Beelitz P Pfister K 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2008,22(6):1289-1295
BACKGROUND: Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of canine granulocytic anaplasmosis (CGA), is a Gram-negative intracellular organism transmitted by ixodid ticks. Thus far, only a few clinical studies evaluating dogs with CGA have been published. OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of dogs naturally infected with A. phagocytophilum in which known co-infections were excluded. ANIMALS: Eighteen dogs with CGA. METHODS: Prospective study. The diagnosis of CGA was based on a positive PCR test result; dogs with co-infections were excluded. History, clinical findings, CBC, clinical biochemistry, infectious disease screening, diagnostic imaging, and the course of disease were evaluated. RESULTS: CGA was diagnosed based on a positive PCR test for A. phagocytophilum; 10 dogs also had morulae in neutrophils. Six of 18 dogs were seronegative to A. phagocytophilum, the others were seropositive. All dogs were acutely ill. The most common clinical findings were lethargy, inappetence, fever, and splenomegaly. Abnormal laboratory results included thrombocytopenia, anemia, lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia, and abnormally high plasma alkaline phosphatase activity. In 6 of 10 dogs tested, the platelet-bound antibody test was positive; Coombs' test was negative in 9 dogs. All dogs were treated with doxycycline and recovered. PCR testing as well as blood smear analysis for morulae were negative in 14 tested dogs 2-8 weeks after beginning treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Clinical findings in dogs with CGA were nonspecific. Positive platelet-bound antibody test results suggest immune-mediated platelet destruction as an important pathogenic mechanism. With correct diagnosis and treatment, prognosis is good. 相似文献
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蓖麻毒素粗提物杀虫作用的研究 总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28
在室内条件下，用不同溶剂提取的蓖麻毒素提物对3种害虫进行的杀虫作用试验表明：蓖麻毒素粗提物对这3种害虫有不同程度的杀虫作用，主要杀虫活性物质为蓖麻碱和毒蛋白，毒蛋白表现为触杀作用，蓖麻碱表现为触表和胃毒的综合作用，并具有一定拒食作用。 相似文献
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为了解莱姆病螺旋体在蜱体内的发育生物学，采用直接免疫荧光试验、银染色法组织学及电子显微镜观察螺旋体，结果显示，感染莱姆病螺旋体的饥饿蓖子硬蜱雌虫未吸血与吸血0．5和1天唾腺中无螺旋体。在吸血开始后2天出现唾腺的轻度感染，3天出现唾腺的中度感染，4天和5天出现重度感染。这些结果表明，莱姆病螺旋体媒介蜱唾腺的感染程度随吸血时间的延长而迅速增高，并可在缓慢吸血期的中后期形成重度感染。莱姆病螺旋体在吸血期媒介唾腺内的大量存在，特别是重度感染的发现，为该病原螺旋体由蟀向脊椎动物宿主传播的唾液分泌途径假设提供了有力证据。本研究对莱姆病螺旋体在吸血蟀唾腺内分裂增殖的可能性进行了讨论。 相似文献
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Animal husbandry could not be practised over large areas of the planet without acaricides. The prevention of tick bite and the transmission of diseases requires the use of pesticides, but this contributes to the development of tick resistance against acaricides. This drives the quest for new molecules that target physiological processes crucial to tick survival. In vivo trials involve multiple repetitions because of inherent variations between host animals, requiring large amounts of test products and ticks. An in vitro alternative should permit the testing of the ability of a product to restrict attachment and feeding by ticks at precise doses. In this paper an in vitro feeding system is described where the European tick Ixodes ricinus L. feeds on blood through a cellulose rayon-reinforced silicone membrane. The membrane Shore hardness is modified to imitate the elastic retraction forces of skin that ensure the closing of tick penetration sites on the membrane to prevent bleeding. Tick attachment (75-100%) is achieved by adding chemical and mechanical stimuli to the membrane. Survival curves for different doses of fipronil and ivermectin tested with the method showed highly reproducible acaricide effects within 5-7 days. Significant effects are recorded down to ppb levels in blood. Standardised tests can be made with blood from the same donor animal or culture medium under the membrane. 相似文献
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Sprong H Tijsse-Klasen E Langelaar M De Bruin A Fonville M Gassner F Takken W Van Wieren S Nijhof A Jongejan F Maassen CB Scholte EJ Hovius JW Emil Hovius K Spitalská E Van Duynhoven YT 《Zoonoses and public health》2012,59(1):69-75
Q fever has emerged as an important human and veterinary public health problem in the Netherlands with major outbreaks in three consecutive years. Goat farms are probably the prime source from which Coxiella burnetii have spread throughout the environment, infecting people living in the vicinity. Coxiella burnetii infection not only spilled over from animal husbandry to humans but could also have spread to neighbouring wildlife and pets forming novel reservoirs and consequently posing another and lingering threat to humans, companion animals and livestock. In these cases, transmission routes other than airborne spread of contaminated aerosols may become significant. Therefore, the role of ticks in the transmission of Coxiella burnetii in the current situation was investigated. A total of 1891 questing Ixodes ricinus ticks and 1086 ticks feeding on pets, wildlife and livestock were tested by a recently developed multiplex Q-PCR. All ticks were negative, except for a few ticks feeding on a herd of recently vaccinated sheep. Coxiella-positive ticks were not detected after resampling this particular herd three months later. Based on these data we conclude that the current risk of acquiring Q fever from questing ticks in the Netherlands is negligible. However, for future risk assessments, it might be relevant to sample more ticks in the vicinity of previously C. burnetii infected goat farms and to assess whether C. burnetii can be transmitted transovarially and transstadially in I. ricinus ticks. 相似文献
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A Hovmark E Asbrink O Schwan B Hederstedt D Christensson 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1986,27(4):479-485
In the southern parts of Sweden a Borrelia infection transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus may affect man, In the present study antibodies to Borrelia spirochetes were studied in sera from 58 cows, 68 calves and 13 lambs from areas in southern Sweden where Ixodes ricinus occurs. For comparison, serologic studies were also performed on 88 cows and 10 lambs from the northern parts of Sweden.Serum titers of > 80 were found in 14 of the calves and 23 of the cows from southern Sweden but in only 1 of the cows from northern Sweden. In 11 of the lambs from the south a serum titer of > 40 developed. None of the lambs from the north had a serum titer of > 40. The results indicate that cattle and sheep in certain areas of Sweden are exposed to Ixodes ricinus-borne Borrelia spirochetes.In 9 of the lambs from southern Sweden: an endemically occurring arthritis had developed. The possibility that this arthritis may be caused by Borrelia spirochetes is discussed. 相似文献
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以蓖麻凝集素（RCA）为亲和配体制备亲和层析树脂,在比较2种固定载体制备亲和树脂对金花茶多糖分离效果的基础上,探讨了多糖上样量、NaCl浓度以及洗涤量对RCA-Sepharose-2B亲和树脂结合率或再生效果的影响,并采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）对亲和多糖进行分离效果分析,为将亲和层析技术应用于金花茶活性多糖的分离纯化提供科学依据。研究结果显示,相比AF-Amino-650 m树脂,RCA-Sepharose 2B亲和树脂的分离效果比较好,而且可以进行反复使用多次。多糖上样量显著影响多糖与树脂的亲和效果,多糖结合率随上样量增加呈倒U型变化,当多糖上样量为10.4 mg/g亲和层析树脂时,其亲合率最高,达到57%左右;NaCl浓度对树脂的再生效果也有显著影响,用含0.2 mol/L NaCl的磷酸缓冲液洗涤树脂可以有效恢复树脂对多糖的亲和效果。HPLC分析结果显示分离获得的亲和活性多糖是由3种不同分子量的多糖组分组成。 相似文献
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