Severe hyperkalaemia associated with renal dysplasia in a 2-day-old foal     

R. J. Naylor  T. S. Mair  R. Last 《Equine Veterinary Education》2009,21(7):358-363

A 2-day-old filly foal presented with signs of depression, recumbency and inappetence. Blood analyses revealed hypoalbuminaemia, hyperfibrinogenaemia, hyperglycaemia and hyperkalaemia. The foal deteriorated despite intensive treatment and was subjected to euthanasia. At post mortem examination, the urinary bladder, ureters and kidneys appeared normal grossly. Histologically both kidneys showed disorganised development with the presence of structures inappropriate for a foal of this age, including primitive glomeruli, immature renal tubules and persistent metanephric ducts. Based on these findings a diagnosis of bilateral renal dysplasia was made.  相似文献   

Acid‐base and electrolyte balance following administration of three crystalloid solutions in dogs undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery     

Eleanor West  Rob Pettitt  Ronald S Jones  Peter J Cripps  Martina Mosing 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2013,40(5):482-493

ObjectiveTo compare acid–base balance and incidence of hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis following administration of three crystalloid solutions to dogs undergoing anaesthesia for orthopaedic surgery.Study designProspective, randomised, clinical study.AnimalsSixty dogs.MethodsDuring a non–standardised anaesthetic, 0.9% saline (S), Hartmann's solution (H) or a polyionic glucose–free maintenance solution (M) was administered IV at 10 mL kg^?1 hour^?1. Venous blood pH, PCO₂, PCV, total protein, urea, sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations were measured at induction of anaesthesia (T0) and after 2 hours of fluid therapy (T2). Base excess (BE), bicarbonate, corrected chloride concentration (corrCl), osmolality, change in plasma volume (PV) and strong ion gap (SIG) were calculated. Changes in variables within groups (1–sample Student's t–test/Wilcoxon signed rank test) and between groups (1–way anova/Kruskal–Wallis) were assessed. Data are presented as median (interquartile range). Significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsNo significant differences existed between groups for pH, PCO₂, PCV, total protein, urea, potassium, corrCl, PV and SIG. Potassium significantly increased in all groups. Significant differences existed between groups S and M for BE, sodium, chloride, bicarbonate and osmolality, and between groups H and M for sodium and osmolality. Chloride concentration significantly changed from 116 (114–117) to 117 (116–119) mmol L^?1 in group S, 116 (115–118) to 115 (113–117) mmol L^?1 in group H and 116 (115–118) to 114 (113–118) mmol L^?1 in group M. In groups H and M, sodium and osmolality decreased, and BE and bicarbonate concentration increased significantly. Plasma volume increased by 28 (14–44)%, 25 (5–40)% and 24 (13–33)% in groups S, H and M, respectively.Conclusion and clinical relevanceHyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis did not develop after intraoperative 0.9% saline, Hartmann's solution or maintenance solution at 10 mL kg^?1 hour^?1 for 2 hours in dogs undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery. Bicarbonate and BE increased after Hartmann's and maintenance solutions. Increases in potassium concentration were unexplained.  相似文献   

Retrospective study of the perioperative management and complications of ureteral obstruction in 37 cats          下载免费PDF全文

Alejandra Garcia de Carellan Mateo  David Brodbelt  Nicola Kulendra  Hatim Alibhai 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2015,42(6):570-579

ObjectivesTo describe perioperative management and complications, risk factors and mortality rates in cats anaesthetized for treatment of ureteral obstruction.Study designRetrospective, clinical, cohort study.AnimalsThirty-seven client-owned cats anaesthetized for ureteral surgery.MethodsRecords with sufficient data for cats treated between March 2010 and March 2013 were examined for breed, age, gender, history, concurrent diseases, pre- and post-anaesthetic biochemical and haematological parameters, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, anaesthetic protocol, surgical technique, surgeon, perioperative complications and mortality within 48 hours after extubation. Associations between risk factors and outcome variables were evaluated using univariable analysis. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for significant parameters. Sensitivity and specificity using receiving operator characteristic curve analysis were calculated for creatinine, potassium level and standard base excess (SBE) to denote survival or non-survival.ResultsPreoperatively, all cats were azotaemic: mean ± SD urea was 31.6 ± 26.9 mmol L⁻¹ and median (range) creatinine was 562 μmol L⁻¹ (95 μmol L⁻¹ to off scale). Thirteen cats were hyperkalaemic (K⁺ > 6.5 mmol L⁻¹). Anaesthesia-related complications included bradycardia (n = 8, 21.6%), hypotension (n = 15, 40.5%) and hypothermia (n = 32, 86.5%). Seven cats (18.9%) died postoperatively. Non-survivors were significantly (p = 0.011) older (9.8 ± 1.9 years) than survivors (6.4 ± 3.1 years) and had higher potassium concentrations (p = 0.040). Risk factors associated with mortality were ASA classes IV and V (p = 0.022), emergency procedures (p = 0.045) and bicarbonate administration (p = 0.002). Non-survivors had higher creatinine concentrations (p = 0.021) and lower SBE (p = 0.030).Conclusion and clinical relevanceIntraoperative anaesthetic complications were common; increased age, poor health status, preoperative bicarbonate administration, hyperkalaemia and increased creatinine were associated with increased risk for death and can be used to predict risk for complications.  相似文献   

Hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis‐like syndrome in a Criollo Argentino horse     

N. Diakakis  K. Spanoudes  A. Dessiris 《Equine Veterinary Education》2008,20(8):396-400

Hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis (HYPP) is a relatively new genetic disease that, so far, appears to be confined to descendants of the American Quarter Horse Impressive, a stallion identified as the link between the pedigrees of all affected horses, and that predominantly affects Quarter Horses but also Paint horses, Appaloosas and Palominos. This study suggests that an episode of muscle weakness, which was reported in a Criollo Argentino genetically unrelated to Impressive, was related to marked hyperkalaemia. The symptoms in this case were reproducible following a KCI challenge test although DNA testing for HYPP was negative. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of a HYPP‐like syndrome was made.  相似文献   

Recovery from nitrite-induced methaemoglobinaemia and potassium balance disturbances in carp   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P. K. Knudsen  F. B. Jensen 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1997,16(1):1-10

The ability of carp to recover from nitrite-induced methaemoglobinaemia and disturbances in potassium balance and cell volume was studiedin vivo andin vitro. Nitrite accumulated to a plasma concentration of 3 mM during 2 days of nitrite exposure was eliminated from the plasma within 2–3 days in clean water. The nitrite-induced methaemoglobinaemia disappeared after 3 days of recovery. During nitrite exposure, K⁺ was lost from the red blood cells (RBCs) and from skeletal muscle tissue, which led to reduced cell volume and an extracellular hyperkalaemia. Extracellular [K⁺] rose less than predicted if lost K⁺ had remained in the extracellular space, suggesting further transport of K⁺ to the environment. The intracellular K⁺ and water content were restored after few days of recovery in clean water, but this was paralleled by development of an extracellular hypokalaemia. This shows that intracellular K⁺ balance was reestablished at the expense of the extracellular compartment, and supports that an overall K⁺ deficit resulted from K⁺ loss to the environment during nitrite exposure. Ventricle tissue differed from skeletal muscle and RBCs by not loosing K⁺ and by having increased sodium and water contents during nitrite exposure. These changes were corrected by recovery in nitrite-free water. In vitro addition of nitrite to blood with low O₂ saturation induced metHb formation and RBC K⁺ efflux. Subsequent reduction of metHb to functional Hb was similar in blood with low and high O₂ tension. A net re-uptake of K⁺ was observed only in RBCs with low O₂ saturation and when metHb reached low values.  相似文献