Tall oil fatty acid inclusion in the diet improves performance and increases ileal density of lactobacilli in broiler chickens     

K. Vienola  G. Jurgens  J. Vuorenmaa  J. Apajalahti 《British poultry science》2018,59(3):349-355

1. Studies were conducted with tall oil fatty acids (TOFA) to determine their effect on broiler chicken performance and ileal microbiota. TOFA, a product originating from coniferous trees and recovered by fractional distillation of side-streams from pulp production, mainly comprises free long-chain fatty acids (~90%) and resin acids (~8%). Conjugated linolenic acids and pinolenic acid are characteristic fatty acid components of TOFA.

2. TOFA products at 750 mg/kg feed were tested in two 35-day broiler chicken trials, each using a wheat soya-based diet and with 12 replicate pens per treatment. In both trials, TOFA improved body weight gain at all time points (P < 0.001) and feed conversion efficiency during the first 21 days (P < 0.01). Two different dry TOFA formulations (silica carrier and palm oil coating) were tested and showed performance effects similar to liquid TOFA.

3. Ileal digesta of the broiler chickens was analysed for total eubacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens on days 14 and 35. TOFA significantly increased total eubacteria and lactobacilli density on day 14 (P < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between these bacterial groups and broiler body weight on day 14 (P < 0.01).

4. A numerical reduction in C. perfringens was observed. In vitro growth inhibition studies showed that C. perfringens was strongly inhibited by 10 mg/l TOFA (P < 0.001), while common lactobacilli were resistant to >250 mg/l. The in vitro results were thus in line with in vivo observations.

5. The mechanisms behind the bacterial shifts and their role in performance improvement are unknown. Further purification of TOFA components is needed to identify the effective agents.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on growth performance,intestinal antioxidative capacity,immunity, and intestinal microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens     

Dong Ruan  Qiuli Fan  Ahmed Mohamed Fouad  Yunyun Sun  Shengshu Huang  Aiji Wu  Chuxiao Lin  Zhixiang Kuang  Chang Zhang  Shouqun Jiang 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(2)

Essential oils are plant-derived aromatic volatile oils, and they contain bioactive compounds that have been shown to improve poultry nutrition. In this study, we investigated the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) on intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity, and gut microbiota of young yellow-feathered chickens. A total of nine hundred and sixty 1-d-old female Qingyuan partridge chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with six replicates of 40 birds each, and the feeding trial was lasted for 30 d. The controls were fed on a basal diet without in-feed antibiotics; the birds in the antibiotic group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg virginiamycin; the remaining birds were fed the basal diet containing 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO, respectively. Dietary supplementation with 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO increased average daily feed intake (P = 0.057) and average daily gain (P < 0.05). The activities of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidative capacity in plasma, jejuna, and ileal mucosa were increased by OEO supplementation (P < 0.05), with a trend of lower jejunal content of malonaldehyde (P = 0.062). Moreover, dietary OEO increased the content of secretory immunoglobulin A (P = 0.078) and the relative expression of Claudin 1, Mucin 2, and Avain beta-defensin 1 in ileum (P < 0.05). Sequencing data of 16S rRNA indicated that dietary OEO increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum, and Clostridium and Lactobacillus genera, and decreasing that of Romboutsia. Functional analyses indicated that microbial amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, replication, and repair systems were higher in OEO groups than those of controls and antibiotic treatment. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with OEO enhanced growth performance, alleviated local oxidative stress in intestine, improved production of natural antibodies, and favorably modulated intestinal microbiota composition.  相似文献   

高粱在畜禽日粮中的应用研究     

徐运杰 《饲料与畜牧》2013,(12):33-35

高粱的抗旱性强，比玉米的生长环境条件更宽广。随着玉米、小麦等能量原料价格的高涨，为了降低成本，提高产品竞争力，很多大型饲料企业开始从国外进口高粱。然而，由于高粱中含有丹宁，与玉米相比，用高梁作为饲料原料降低了非反刍动物对能量和其它养分的消化利用率。文章就目前高粱在非反刍动物营养中的研究应用进行了总结。  相似文献   

Caecal disease in equids     

AJ DART  DR HODGSON  JR SNYDER 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(8):552-557

Objective To review the breed, age, gender, clinical and laboratory findings, treatment and outcome of horses with caecal disease presented to a referral centre. Design Retrospective study of 96 cases. Procedure The breed, age, and gender of the study population were compared with the corresponding hospital population for the same period. The means (± SD) for clinical and laboratory findings were recorded for each caecal disorder. Treatment was categorised as medical or surgical, and outcome was recorded. Results Caecal diseases included impaction (40% of total cases), rupture associated with concurrent unrelated disease (13%), rupture with parturition (9%), rupture with no associated disease (5%), infarction (11%), torsion (9%), abscess or adhesion (7%), tumour (3%), and miscellaneous conditions (3%). The breed or gender of affected horses did not differ from the hospital population, although horses > 15 years were more frequently represented (P < 0.05). This age group was specifically more predisposed to caecal impaction (P < 0.05), as were Arabian, Morgan, and Appaloosa breeds (P < 0.05). In horses with caecal impaction transrectal examination was the most useful diagnostic procedure; 90% of affected horses treated medically were discharged while horses treated by typhlotomy alone, or typhlotomy and blind end ileocolostomy, had survival rates to discharge of 71% and 86%, respectively. Horses with caecal rupture associated with concurrent un-related disease showed no signs of impending rupture; all were receiving phenylbutazone, all were euthanased, and 50% had caecal ulceration at necropsy. Of horses with caecal rupture with parturition 56% had prior dystocia; in two-thirds the site of rupture was the ileocaecal junction and all were euthanased. Horses with caecal rupture with no associated disease died or were euthanased; rupture was idiopathic. Horses with caecal infarction usually had signs of abdominal pain and abdominal fluid changes consistent with peritonitis; transrectal examination was nonspecific, and typhlectomy was successful in seven of eight horses. Horses with caecal torsion had signs of severe, acute abdominal pain and typhlectomy was successful in three of five horses. Diagnosis of caecal adhesion or abscess was assisted by transrectal palpation in two of seven horses and surgical treatment was successful in two of five horses. A caecal tumour was diagnosed in three horses aged 20 years or older that presented with chronic weight loss. Other caecal diseases were uncommon. Conclusion Caecal disease is uncommon in equids but some specific features of the history and physical findings can alert the veterinarian to the possibility of caecal involvement in horses with gastrointestinal dysfunction. Medical or surgical therapy can be effective in horses where caecal rupture has not occurred.  相似文献   

Productive performance,gut morphometry,and nutrient digestibility of broiler chicken in response to low and high dietary levels of citric acid     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2015,24(4):470-480

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Effect of N‐butylscopolammonium bromide on equine ileal smooth muscle activity in an ex vivo model          下载免费PDF全文

K. A. Hart  C. E. Sherlock  A. J. Davern  T. H. Lewis  T. P. Robertson 《Equine veterinary journal》2015,47(4):450-455

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Lawsonia intracellularis Infection in Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)     

Rose Ann M. Fiskett VMD  Dip. ABVP 《Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine》2011,20(4):277-283

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3种瘤胃疾病对肉牛瘤胃内环境的影响     

万春云  杨为为  蔡召俊 《福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)》2012,41(2):163-165

为探讨肉牛瘤胃疾病对瘤胃内环境的影响,采集患病肉牛瘤胃液进行pH、纤毛虫数量和活力的测定,并镜检瘤胃切片.结果表明,肉牛患瘤胃疾病时,一般引起瘤胃液pH降低,酸中毒时,均值为5.03,纤毛虫活力明显减弱,数量显著下降,最低纤毛虫数量为0.病理切片结果显示,主要的病变为瘤胃出血、充血,炎性细胞浸润和固有膜损伤.可见,肉牛瘤胃疾病能极大地影响瘤胃内环境,进而影响牛的健康.  相似文献   

8种不同来源菜籽饼粕的生长猪氨基酸回肠消化率评定     

郑萍  李波  陈代文  毛湘冰  陈洪  吴彩梅  毛倩  余冰 《中国畜牧杂志》2012,48(9):34-40

本研究旨在评定8种不同来源菜籽饼粕对生长猪的氨基酸回肠消化率。选取初始体重相近(33.21±1.56)kg、在回肠末端安装简单T-型瘘管并恢复良好的DLY生长阉公猪12头,随机分配到2个6×6拉丁方试验中,每个拉丁方均含1个无氮饲粮、1个基础饲粮和4个试验饲粮处理。试验共6期,每期7 d,前5 d为适应期,后2 d收集回肠食糜。结果表明:除蛋氨酸外,不同来源菜籽饼粕中其他氨基酸回肠表观(标准)消化率差异显著(P<0.05)。赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和色氨酸4种限制性氨基酸回肠表观消化率变化范围依次为41.73%~60.19%、69.35%~76.90%、50.72%~61.37%和52.49%~68.14%;回肠标准消化率变化范围依次为48.65%~66.14%、73.85%~81.15%、57.42%~67.67%和57.10%~73.04%。总之,菜籽粕中绝大部分氨基酸回肠表观(标准)消化率显著高于菜籽饼。  相似文献   

纤维素组合酶在不同品种生长猪饲粮中的适宜添加量     

耿梅  姜建阳  韩先杰  宋春阳 《动物营养学报》2013,25(7)

本试验利用体外消化试验筛选出3种纤维素酶的最优组合,采用消化代谢试验来确定所筛选的纤维素组合酶在2个品种猪纤维性饲粮中的适宜添加量.试验以酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)为评定指标,以地瓜蔓为粗纤维来源,配制3.8％ ADF和5.8％ ADF的2种纤维水平的饲粮.分别选取5头体重[(25±1) kg]相近、健康去势的烟台黑猪和杜×鲁烟白杂交猪,于回肠末端安装T型瘘管,设5个最优纤维素组合酶添加量:0(对照组)、0.05％、0.10％、0.15％、0.20％,采用5×5拉丁方设计进行消化代谢试验.结果表明:在5.8％ ADF水平饲粮中,与对照组相比,纤维素组合酶添加量分别为0.10％和0.15％时,对2个品种猪养分消化率以及氮平衡的影响达到了显著水平(P＜0.05),但在3.8％ ADF水平饲粮中差异不显著(P＞0.05).在5.8％ ADF水平饲粮中,在纤维素组合酶添加量相同的情况下,对于必需氨基酸,蛋氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸的回肠表观消化率烟台黑猪极显著高于杜×鲁烟白杂交猪(P＜0.01);对于非必需氨基酸,除丝氨酸和甘氨酸回肠表观消化率差异不显著(P＞0.05)外,其他氨基酸回肠表观消化率差异极显著(P＜0.01).结果提示,在5.8％ ADF水平饲粮中,烟台黑猪纤维素组合酶适宜添加量为0.10％,杜×鲁烟白杂交猪为0.15％.  相似文献