The pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol in lactating cows   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

N. Mestorino  M. F. Landoni  M. Alt  J. O. Errecalde 《Veterinary research communications》1993,17(4):295-303

The pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol were studied after intravenous and intramuscular administration of 25 mg/kg body weight in lactating cows. Distribution (t _1/2) and elimination (t _1/2) half-lives of 6.10±1.39 min and 1.60±0.30 h, respectively, were obtained after intravenous administration. The body clearance was 3.9±0.077 ml/kg per min and the apparent volume of distribution was 1220.79±256.67 ml/kg. The rate at which thiamphenicol appeared in the milk, as indicated by the penetration half-life (t _1/2P) (serum to quarters), was found to be 36.89±11.14 min. The equivalent elimination half-life (t _1/2E) (quarters to serum) from the milk was 3.62±1.06 h and the peak thiamphenicol concentration in the milk was 23.09±3.42 µg/ml at 2.5±0.32 h.After intramuscular injection, the elimination half-life was 2.2±0.40 h, the absorption half-life was 4.02±1.72 min and the peak concentration in the serum was 30.90±5.24 µg/ml at 23±8.4 min. The bioavailability after intramuscular administration approached 100%. The penetration half-life was 50.59±6.87 min, the elimination half-life was 5.91±4.97 h and the mean peak concentration in the milk was 17.37±2.20 µg/ml at 3.4±0.22 h.Abbreviations AUC area under the concentration-time curve - CAP chloramphenicol - C _max peak concentration - IM intramuscular - IV intravenous - TAP thiamphenicol - t _1/2 distribution half-life - t _1/2 elimination half-life - V _c volume of central compartment - V _d volume of distribution  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics and effects of alfaxalone after intravenous and intramuscular administration to cats     

D Rodrigo-Mocholí  E Escudero  E Belda  FG Laredo  V Hernandis 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2018,66(4):172-177

AIMS: To determine the pharmacokinetics, and anaesthetic and sedative effects of alfaxalone after I/V and I/M administration to cats.

METHODS: Six European shorthair cats, three males and three females, with a mean weight of 4.21 (SD 0.53) kg and aged 3.8 (SD 0.9) years were enrolled in this crossover, two–treatment, two-period study. Alfaxalone at a dose of 5?mg/kg was administered either I/V or I/M. Blood samples were collected between 2–480 minutes after drug administration and analysed for concentrations of alfaxalone by HPLC. The plasma concentration-time curves were analysed by non-compartmental analysis. Sedation scores were evaluated between 5–120 minutes after drug administration using a numerical rating scale (from 0–18). Intervals from drug administration to sit, sternal and lateral recumbency during the induction phase, and to head-lift, sternal recumbency and standing position during recovery were recorded.

RESULTS: The mean half-life and mean residence time of alfaxalone were longer after I/M (1.28 (SD 0.21) and 2.09 (SD 0.36) hours, respectively) than after I/V (0.49 (SD 0.07) and 0.66 (SD 0.16) hours, respectively) administration (p<0.05). Bioavailability after I/M injection of alfaxalone was 94.7 (SD 19.8)%. The mean intervals to sternal and lateral recumbency were longer in the I/M (3.73 (SD 1.99) and 6.12 (SD 0.90) minutes, respectively) compared to I/V (0 minutes for all animals) treated cats (p<0.01). Sedation scores indicative of general anaesthesia (scores >15) were recorded from 5–15 minutes after I/V administration and deep sedation (scores 11–15) at 20 and 30 minutes. Deep sedation was observed from 10–45 minutes after I/M administration. One cat from each group showed hyperkinesia during recovery, and the remainder had an uneventful recovery.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Alfaxalone administered I/V in cats provides rapid and smooth induction of anaesthesia. After I/M administration, a longer exposure to the drug and an extended half life were obtained compared to I/V administration. Therefore I/M administration of alfaxalone could be a reliable, suitable and easy route in cats, taking into account that alfaxalone has a slower onset of sedation than when given I/V and achieves deep sedation rather than general anaesthesia.  相似文献   

安格斯牛和南阳牛肌内脂肪组织中差异表达circRNAs分析     

史明艳  苗志国  郭燕杰 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,48(3):16-22

【目的】筛选牛肌肉脂肪组织中差异表达的circRNAs,为进一步探索circRNAs在牛肌内脂肪沉积和代谢过程中的潜在作用及肉牛改良提供理论基础。【方法】采集安格斯牛和南阳牛右侧背部最长肌第12/13肋骨间肌肉,分离其脂肪组织并提取RNA,采用RNA-seq和生物信息学方法分析2种牛肌内脂肪组织中circRNAs的表达情况,筛选差异表达的circRNAs,并对其进行GO和KEGG富集分析。选取4个差异表达的circRNA(circRNA.9560、circRNA.7431、circRNA.2083、circRNA.6528),对其表达水平进行qRT-PCR验证。【结果】在所有牛样本肌内脂肪组织中共检测到14 649个circRNAs,从中筛选并初步鉴定出111个安格斯牛与南阳牛差异表达的circRNAs,其中有75个在安格斯牛肌内脂肪组织中表达上调,36个表达下调。差异表达的circRNAs主要富集于细胞进程、单有机体进程、代谢过程、细胞、细胞部分、细胞器、分子结合、催化活性、核酸结合转录因子活性的GO条目中。KEGG富集分析结果发现,差异表达的circRNAs共富集到66条信号通路中,其中具有显著差异(P0.05)的信号通路有10个。qRT-PCR验证结果显示,circRNA.9560和circRNA.7431表达量显著下调,circRNA.2083和circRNA.6528表达量显著上调,与测序结果一致。【结论】筛选出111个安格斯牛与南阳牛差异表达的circRNAs,这些circRNAs可能在牛脂肪沉积和脂质代谢过程中发挥着一定的调控作用。  相似文献   

Changes of Intramuscular Fat Composition,Lipid Oxidation and Lipase Activity in Biceps femoris and Semimembranosus of Xuanwei Ham During Controlled Salting Stages     

WANG Zhen-yu  GAO Xiao-guang  ZHANG Ji-hong  ZHANG De-quan  MA Chang-wei 《农业科学学报》2013,12(11):1993-2001

Fatty acid composition of neutral lipids （NLs）, phospholipids （PLs） and free fatty acids （FFAs） from intramuscular fat （IMF）, lipid oxidation and lipase activity in muscle Semimembranosus （SM） and msucle Biceps femoris （BF） of dry-cured Xuanwei ham during the 90-d salting stages were analysed. The salt content increased from 0.34 to 3.52%in BF and from 0.10 to 5.42%in SM during the 90 d salting stage, respectively. PLs of IMF in both BF and SM decreased 54.70%（P〈0.001） and 34.64%（P〈0.05）, furthermore, the saturated fatty acids （SFA）, monounsaturated fatty acids （MUFA） and polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA） of PLs in both muscles were hydrolysed almost isochronously. FFAs were increased from 0.46 g 100 g-1 lipids to 2.92 g 100 g-1 lipids in BF at the end of salting, which was lower than SM （from 1.29 g 100 g-1 lipids to 9.70 g 100 g-1 lipids）. The activities of acid lipase, neutral lipase and acid phospholipase all remained active in the 90 d. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） was slowly increased to 1.34 mg kg-1 muscle in BF and to 2.44 mg kg-1 muscle in SM during the salting stage. In conclusion, the controlled salting process prompted the hydrolysis of PLs of IMF notably and increased the lipid oxidation of muscles within some limits.  相似文献   

猪的肌内脂肪生成及其调控   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李长强  闫益波  高士争 《饲料工业》2007,28(7):26-29

肌内脂肪含量是猪肉食用品质的主要决定因素,尤其对肉的嫩度、风味和多汁性有着重要的影响。肌内脂肪的生成主要受到营养和基因的调控。文中就猪的肌内脂肪的生成及其影响因素作一综述。  相似文献   

猪肌肉组织LPL基因表达的发育性变化及其与肌内脂肪沉积关系的研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

王刚  曾勇庆  武英  魏述东  包新见  刘婵娟  孙延晓 《畜牧兽医学报》2007,38(3):253-257

以40-90 kg 6个体重组的莱芜猪和鲁莱黑猪共72头去势公猪为试验对象(每组6头),采用相对定量RT-PCR方法,以-βactin基因为内标,分析肌肉组织LPL基因表达的发育性变化及其与肌内脂肪沉积的关系。结果表明:莱芜猪与鲁莱黑猪肌肉组织中LPL基因表达的发育性变化趋势基本相似,随体重的增长,莱芜猪50-70kg阶段LPLmRNA表达丰度逐渐下降(P<0.05),80 kg阶段迅速回升出现一个峰值后再次下降;鲁莱黑猪LPLmRNA表达丰度随体重的增加呈缓慢下降趋势,70 kg以后变化不大并维持较低水平,其前期(40-60 kg)与后期(70-90 kg)的表达量差异显著(P<0.05)。总体上莱芜猪肌肉组织LPL基因表达量略高于鲁莱黑猪(P>0.05)。相关分析表明,莱芜猪和鲁莱黑猪肌内脂肪相对含量与肌肉组织LPLmRNA表达的发育性变化分别呈显著(P<0.05)和极显著(P<0.01)的正相关。研究结果提示:猪肌肉组织LPL是肌内脂肪沉积的重要参与者,其编码基因的表达具有明显的体重发育特征,并对肌内脂肪的沉积具有一定程度影响。  相似文献   

山羊FGF1O基因的克隆及其表达分析     

李倩  林亚秋  朱江江  林森  张小玉  王永 《农业生物技术学报》2016,(11):1726-1733

成纤维细胞生长因子10(fibroblast growth factor 10,FGF10)是一种极其重要的生长因子,能促进小鼠(Mus musculus)和人(Homo sapiens)前体脂肪细胞的分化.为了获得山羊(Capra hircus)FGF10基因序列,研究其组织表达特性,确定其在肌内前体脂肪细胞分化过程中的表达模式,并分析FGF10mRNA表达水平与肌内脂肪沉积的关系,本研究以简州大耳羊(C.hircus)为实验动物,采用反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术克隆FGF10基因,采用Ⅱ型胶原酶消化获得山羊原代肌内前体脂肪细胞,利用实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)技术检测FGF10在成年山羊不同组织中的表达差异及其在肌内前体脂肪细胞分化过程中的表达水平,并将基因表达水平与肌内脂肪(intramuscular fat,IMF)含量进行关联分析.结果显示,克隆得到山羊FGF10基因(GenBank登录号:KT899958)序列1 252 bp,其中开放阅读框642 bp,编码213个氨基酸,与绵羊(Ovis aries)和牛(Bos taurus)的该基因同源性达100％,具有跨膜结构域和信号肽结构.FGF10 在山羊肺脏中表达水平最高,显著高于其他组织(P＜0.05),在脾脏和脂肪中也存在较高水平的表达.FGF10 mRNA在成年羊背最长肌中表达量显著高于羔羊与育成羊(P＜0.05),相关性分析结果显示,FGF10 mRNA表达量与山羊背最长肌IMF含量呈显著正相关(P＜0.05).FGF10 mRNA在肌内前体脂肪细胞中表达水平最低,在诱导分化后2d达到最高.本研究结果为进一步阐明FGF10基因在山羊肌内脂肪沉积中的分子机制提供了理论依据.  相似文献   

SRSF10对山羊肌内前体脂肪细胞分化的影响     

刘珂含  王永  李艳艳  王重洋  朱江江  熊燕  李安  林亚秋 《畜牧兽医学报》2022,53(6):1768-1778

旨在克隆山羊SRSF10基因序列,明确其生物学特性,并通过过表达和干扰手段阐明SRSF10对山羊肌内脂肪细胞分化的影响。本研究以简州大耳羊(Capra hircus)为试验对象,利用RT-PCR技术克隆山羊SRSF10基因序列,并进行生物信息学分析; 利用实时荧光定量PCR(real-time quantitative PCR,qPCR)技术研究其在成脂诱导分化不同阶段细胞中的表达水平; 转染pcDNA3.1-SRSF10过表达载体和SRSF10-siRNA至山羊肌内前体脂肪细胞并诱导分化,通过油红O和Bodipy染色法从形态学上明确其对脂滴积聚的影响; 通过qPCR方法检测脂肪细胞分化标志基因表达的变化。结果显示,获得山羊SRSF10基因序列为1 026 bp,其中CDS区552 bp,共编码183个氨基酸; SRSF10在诱导分化96 h的肌内脂肪细胞中表达量最高; 过表达和干扰山羊SRSF10分别促进和抑制了肌内脂肪细胞中的脂滴积聚; 过表达后基因SREBP1、PPARγ和C/EBPα的相对表达量极显著上调(P < 0.01),干扰后分化标志基因SREBP1、PPARγ和C/EBPα相对表达水平极显著降低(P < 0.01)。结果表明,山羊SRSF10是肌内脂肪细胞分化的正调控作用因子,并且这种调控作用可能主要通过调节SREBP1、PPARγ和C/EBPα的表达来实现。  相似文献   

Effects of intramuscular and intranasal administration of midazolam–dexmedetomidine on sedation and some cardiopulmonary variables in New Zealand White rabbits     

《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2022,49(1):113-117

ObjectiveTo compare the sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of intranasal (IN) and intramuscular (IM) administration of dexmedetomidine and midazolam combination in New Zealand White rabbits.Study designA randomized, crossover experimental study.AnimalsA total of eight healthy New Zealand White rabbits, aged 6–12 months, weighing 3.1 ± 0.3 kg (mean ± standard deviation).MethodsThe animals were randomly assigned to administration of dexmedetomidine (0.1 mg kg^–1) with midazolam (2 mg kg^–1) by either IN or IM route separated by 2 weeks. The electrocardiogram, pulse rate (PR), peripheral haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO₂), mean noninvasive arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory frequency (f_R) and rectal temperature were measured before drug administration (baseline), T₀ (onset of sedation) and at 5 minute intervals until recovery. The onset of sedation, duration of sedation and sedation score (SS) were also recorded.ResultsThe PR was significantly lower in treatment IM than in treatment IN over time (p = 0.027). MAP < 60 mmHg developed in two and four rabbits in treatments IN and IM, respectively. SpO₂ progressively decreased over time in both treatments. f_R was lower than baseline at several time points in both treatments. Onset of sedation was shorter in treatment IN (90 ± 21 seconds) than in treatment IM (300 ± 68 seconds) (p = 0.036). Duration of sedation was longer in treatment IM (55.2 ± 8.7 minutes) than in treatment IN (39.6 ± 2.1 minutes) (p = 0.047). No significant difference in SS was observed between treatments (p > 0.05).Conclusions and clinical relevanceCombination of dexmedetomidine (0.1 mg kg^–1) and midazolam (2 mg kg^–1) decreased f_R, PR and SpO₂ regardless of the administration route in New Zealand White rabbits. A more rapid action and shorter duration of sedation were observed after treatment IN than after treatment IM administration.  相似文献   

Comparison of the sedative effects of intranasal or intramuscular dexmedetomidine at low doses in healthy dogs: a randomized clinical trial     

《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2022,49(6):572-579

ObjectiveTo compare the sedative effects of dexmedetomidine administered either intranasally or intramuscularly to healthy dogs.Study designProspective, randomized, blinded, clinical trial.AnimalsA group of 16 client-owned healthy dogs.MethodsDogs were randomly allocated to one of two groups that were administered dexmedetomidine 5 μg kg^–1 via either the intranasal route (IN_Dex), through a mucosal atomization device in one nostril, or the intramuscular route (IM_Dex), into the epaxial muscles. Ease of intranasal administration, sedation score, onset of sedation, cardiopulmonary variables, mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNTs) and response to venous catheterization were recorded at 0 (baseline), 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 minutes, following drug administration. Data were compared with the one-way anova, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-square test, where appropriate.ResultsGroups were not different for age, sex, weight, body condition score or temperament. Sedation scores, MNTs and response to intravenous catheter placement were not different when dexmedetomidine was administered by either route (p = 0.691; p = 0.630 and p = 0.435, respectively). Onset of sedation was not different between groups IN_Dex and IM_Dex reaching a score of 4.2 ± 0.9 and 5.5 ± 1.2 at 9 ± 5 and 8 ± 4 minutes, respectively (p = 0.467). The highest sedation score was achieved at 30 and 35 minutes and sedation scores were 9.7 ± 2.0 and 9.5 ± 2.3 in groups IN_Dex and IM_Dex, respectively (p = 0.799). Respiratory rate was higher in group IN_Dex (p = 0.014), while there were no differences between routes in heart rate (p = 0.275), systolic (p = 0.957), diastolic (p = 0.837) or mean arterial pressure (p = 0.921).Conclusions and clinical relevanceIntranasal administration of dexmedetomidine at 5 μg kg^–1 provides effective sedation in healthy dogs.  相似文献