Clinical,histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of a novel equine ocular disorder: heterochromic iridocyclitis with secondary keratitis in adult horses          下载免费PDF全文

Nelson I. Pinto  Richard J. McMullen Jr.  Keith E. Linder  John M. Cullen  Brian C. Gilger 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2015,18(6):443-456

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Partial ligation of the transposed parotid duct at the level of the parotid gland for excessive salivary secretions     

Hillary K. Schilke  John S. Sapienza 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2012,15(6):411-416

Objective To determine the outcome and effect of a partial ligation of the transposed parotid duct at the level of the parotid gland in four dogs with excessive salivation and ocular irritation. Methods Four dogs were previously diagnosed with absolute keratoconjunctivitis sicca. After a parotid duct transposition (PDT) surgery, these dogs experienced excessive saliva production and abundant salivary precipitates, which resulted in epiphora, moist dermatitis, blepharospasm, and keratitis. In an effort to decrease saliva production, a partial ligation of the transposed duct at the level of the parotid gland was performed. Two or three accessory branches to the primary parotid duct were ligated at the level of the salivary gland. Results The four cases were three Yorkshire terriers and a Chihuahua. The average age of the four patients was 2.5 years. Partial ligation of accessory branches of the parotid duct at the level of the parotid gland after a PDT in this study demonstrated improved ocular comfort, decreased salivary precipitates, and adequate Schirmer tear test results without marked epiphora in three of the four animals. The male Yorkshire had epiphora after the initial partial ligations of two accessory branches were placed at the level of the parotid gland. To correct the excessive salivary flow, two additional ligatures were placed at a later date, which resolved the epiphora. Conclusion Partial ligation of the parotid duct at the level of the parotid gland proved to be an effective technique in moderating the salivation in these four patients with excessive salivary secretions after PDT.  相似文献   

Electron microscopic characterisation of iron and manganese oxide/hydroxide precipitates from agricultural field drains. 1     

M. E. Akhtar  W. I. Kelso 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1993,16(4):305-312

Scanning and transmission electron microscopic examination of drain precipitates revealed the presence of a slime/organic layer and fungi, bacteria (including filamentous and Fe bacteria), and possibly actinomycetes. Most of the filamentous structures were encrusted with Fe and Mn compounds. Treating the samples with acidified NH₂OH.HCl and leucoberbelin blue revealed some structures similar to Hyphomicrobium and Pedomicrobium spp., yeast cells, cocci, fungal spores, and relics of diatoms and amoebae. Both, scanning and transmission electron microscope-energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays showed a clear association of microbial structures with Fe and Mn oxides. It was suggested that Fe and Mn were being precipitated in the drains. However, the precipitates were not stable under natural conditions, and therefore we concluded that these precipitated oxides were also undergoing reductive dissolution. It thus appeared that precipitation of Fe and Mn, particularly Mn, had been mediated microbiologically in the drains.  相似文献