Effect of dietary probiotic,prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation on performance,immune responses,intestinal morphology and bacterial populations in broilers          下载免费PDF全文

A. Salehimanesh  M. Mohammadi  M. Roostaei‐Ali Mehr 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(4):694-700

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of probiotic (Primalac), prebiotic (TechnoMos) and synbiotic (Primalac + TechnoMos) supplementation on performance, immune responses, intestinal morphology and bacterial populations of ileum in broilers. A total of 240 one‐day‐old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four treatment groups which included 60 birds. Control group did not receive any treatment. The chicks in the second, third and fourth groups were fed probiotic (0.9 g/kg), prebiotic (0.9 g/kg) and probiotic (0.9 g/kg) plus probiotic (0.9 g/kg; synbiotic), respectively, at entire period. Daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were evaluated. The birds were immunized by sheep red blood cell (SRBC) on days 12 and 29 of age and serum antibody titres were measured on days 28, 35 and 42. Newcastle vaccines administered on days 9, 18 and 27 to chicks and blood samples were collected on day 42. Intestinal morphometric assessment and enumeration of intestinal bacterial populations were performed on day 42. The results indicated that consumption of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic had no significant effect on daily feed intake, daily body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass traits, intestinal morphology and bacterial populations of ileum (p > 0.05). Consumption of prebiotic increased total and IgM anti‐SRBC titres on days 28 and 42 and antibody titre against Newcastle virus disease on day 42 (p < 0.05). Synbiotic increased only total anti‐SRBC on day 28 (p < 0.05). It is concluded that consumption of prebiotic increased humoral immunity in broilers. Therefore, supplementation of diet with prebiotic for improvement of humoral immune responses is superior to synbiotic supplementation.  相似文献   

池养克氏原螯虾形态性状对体质量的影响          下载免费PDF全文

何吉祥  丁凤琴  宋光同  汪翔  陈静 《安徽农业大学学报》2011,38(3):352-357

随机测定了70尾池养克氏原螯虾全长(X1)、头胸甲长(X2)、头胸甲宽(X3)、头胸甲高(X4)、第1～6腹节长(X5～X10)、尾节长(X11)及体质量(Y)共12个指标,采用相关分析和通径分析方法,计算了以形态性状为自变量对体质量为依变量的相关系数、通径系数和决定系数。结果表明,克氏原螯虾11个形态性状与体质量的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);头胸甲宽对体质量的直接影响(0.522 0)最大,其次为尾节长(0.452 4),均达极显著水平(P<0.01);头胸甲长对体质量的直接影响(0.164 1)仅次于头胸甲宽和尾节长,虽未达显著水平(P>0.05),但显著高于其他性状对体质量的直接作用,是克氏原螯虾选择育种中值得关注的另一性状;最后建立的以体质量为依变量的多元线性回归方程为Y=-16.841 5+8.996 9 X3+13.510 8 X11。  相似文献   

黑斑狗鱼形态性状对体重的影响效果分析     

霍堂斌  袁美云  张丽荣  姜作发 《鲑鳟渔业》2011,(2):26-30

选取0^＋龄～4^＋龄黑斑狗鱼332尾,对其体长、体高、体宽、尾柄长、尾柄高、头长、头高、头宽、吻长、眼间距、口裂宽、口裂长和体重等13个性状进行测量。采用多元分析法分析体重和形态形状的关系。结果表明,黑斑狗鱼除0^＋龄头长与体重之间的相关系数未达到显著水平（P〉0．05）外,其它各形态性状与体重的相关系数均达到显著水平（P〈0．05）或极显著水平（P〈0．01）;经通径分析,不同年龄阶段各形态性状对体重的通径系数存在一定的差异,但体长和头高对体重的通径系数均达到显著水平,而且体长对体重的直接作用均最大,其余各性状均是通过体长间接的影响体重;决定系数分析结果表明,体长对体重的决定系数最大,其它性状主要通过体长影响体重;通径分析结果与决定系数分析结果的变化趋势一致;所选形态性状与体重的相关指数R2〉0．85,说明所选性状是影响体重的主要性状。应用逐步多元回归分析,经偏回归系数的显著性检验,建立以体重为因变量（Y）,各形态性状为自变量的多元回归方程,0^＋龄～4^＋龄黑斑狗鱼体重（Y）与形态性状参数的多元叵归方程分别为：LgY=-1．411＋0．395LgX8＋0．576LgX1＋0．092LgX1n＋0．538LgX7＋0．35LgX6;LgY=-4．132＋0．866LgX1＋0．102LgX】2＋0．083LgX7;LgY=一4．186＋0．772LgX1＋0．195LgX7;LgY=-2．542＋0．372LgX1＋0．185LgX3＋0．256LgX8＋0．23LgX7,;LgY=-4．585＋0．816LgX1＋0．178LgX7。经回归预测估计值与实际值间的差异不显著（P〉0．05）,该方程可用于黑斑狗鱼实际生产中,为黑斑狗鱼选种提供了理论依据和理想的测量指标。  相似文献   

哲罗鲑形态性状与体重的相关性分析     

佟广香  匡友谊  许凌雪  刘博  尹家胜 《鲑鳟渔业》2011,(2):31-36

从20个全同胞家系中随机测量了900尾哲罗鲑（Hucho taimen）幼鱼（1＋龄）的体重、全长、体长、叉长、体高、体宽、头长、头高、头宽、眼径、眼间距和吻长等11个形态性状,采用相关性分析、通径分析、多元分析,计算了以形态性状为自变量对体重为依变量的相关系数、通径系数和决定系数,定量分析了哲罗鲑形态性状与体重的相关性。11个形态性状与体重的相关性均达到显著性水平（R0．05）,去除体长、叉长及头长这三个与全长共线性的性状后,进行通径分析,发现眼径和吻长对体重的作用不显著,在剩下的6个性状中,全长对体重的决定作用最大,主要通过直接作用影响体重,其直接作用系数为O．5549,且大于其它5个性状的直接作用之和。这6个性状对体重的复相关系数为0．9643,表明其是影响体重的主要因素。应用多元回归分析,建立以体重为依变量,全长、体高、体宽、头高、头宽、眼间距为自变量的通径方程：log（体重）=-3．9130＋1．7039log（全长）＋0．2626log（体高）＋0．2740log（体宽）＋0．1765log（头高）＋0．3460log（头宽）＋0．262410g（眼间距）。以上通径方程为哲罗鲑亲本的选择和表型性状的理想测量提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

Introduction and comparison of two methods of assessment of coronary lesions in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L     

Seierstad SL  Poppe T  Larsen S 《Journal of fish diseases》2005,28(4):189-197

This study investigated and compared quantitative and semi-quantitative coronary lesion evaluation in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. A total of 121 immature farmed and 47 sexually mature wild Atlantic salmon were included. Coronary arteries from all fish were morphometrically evaluated using a semi-quantitative method. A subsample of 76 salmon was additionally evaluated using a quantitative method. Another subsample of 71 salmon was used for reliability testing of the semi-quantitative method. Ten cross-sections of coronary arteries located on the ventral surface of the bulbus arteriosus were semi-quantitatively scored with regard to myointimal coronary lesions. Quantitative measurements comprised maximal intimal thickness and area lesion (%) while semi-quantitative measurements comprised maximal intimal thickness and lesion degree (%). Scores for individual fish were expressed as the average of lesion score, denoted as mean range lesion. One person performed all evaluations blindly. Two pathologists tested repeatability of the semi-quantitative lesion score measurements blindly. Both semi-quantitative and quantitative variables increased significantly with increasing lesion score. Semi-quantitative estimation gave significantly higher maximal intimal thickness values than quantitative measurement. Semi-quantitative measurements were found to explain 63.2% of variation in quantitatively measured maximal intimal thickness. Due to lack of agreement, the two methods are not directly comparable and one method cannot replace the other. Repeatability within and between observers with regard to semi-quantitative classification was very good with Kappa values larger than 61.5%. The semi-quantitative method was a valid and reliable method for coronary lesion evaluation in Atlantic salmon.  相似文献   

Effect of triploidy on quality traits of shi drum (Umbrina cirrosa L.) until the second rearing year     

Severino Segato  Luca Fasolato  Daniela Bertotto  Angelo Libertini  Stefania Balzan  Adolfo Corato  & Enrico Novelli 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(1):59-65

Carcass and flesh morphometric, reological and chemical traits of triploid (3n) and diploid (2n) shi drum (Umbrina cirrosa L.) were evaluated through 7 months. Three age groups, 17‐, 21‐ and 24‐month‐old fish, were investigated. The effects of ploidy were statistically evaluated and the weight of fish was included in the model as a covariate because triploids grew less than diploids. As expected, fish weight was found to be significantly correlated with all the investigated morphometric traits, but showed a negative correlation with some chemical (pH) and colour traits (lightness) of raw fillet. In comparison with controls, triploid shi drums were characterized by different morphological traits that involved a slender body shape. In triploids, a reduction in condition factor, backbone weight, dressing index and an increase in the agility index were also recorded. When the commercial size (i.e. over 300 g) was achieved, triploids exhibited larger coelomatic and fillet (dorsal white muscle) fat deposition than diploids. Among reological traits, colour and texture were affected by ploidy; raw fillet lightness and cooked flesh tenderness were higher among triploids in all the investigated age groups. As fish were fed with a restricted feeding regimen, fillet fat deposition was supposed to be limited. Thus, the effects of ploidy on reological traits may be only partially explained by lipid fillet amount and are supposed to be more related to different fibre muscle architecture.  相似文献   

鄱阳湖刀鲚形态性状对体质量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

贺刚  方春林  傅培峰  吴斌  周辉明  王生  张燕萍  王庆萍 《湖北农业科学》2015,54(6)

测定了214尾鄱阳湖雌、雄刀鲚(Coilia ectenes)体质量(Y)、全长(X1)、体长(X2)、体高(X3)、头长(X4)等9个性状指标,采用相关分析、通径分析和多元回归等方法 ,分析研究了形态性状对体质量的影响效果。结果表明,雌、雄刀鲚的测量形态性状与体质量的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P0.01);通径分析显示体长和体高对体质量的通径系数达到极显著水平,是直接影响体质量的重要性状;决定系数分析结果与通径分析结果有一致的变化趋势;利用逐步回归分析方法建立了以体长和体高为自变量的雌、雄刀鲚体质量多元回归方程,分别为Y雌=-128.360+4.650X2+15.597X3;Y雄=-107.032+4.297X2+11.755X3。  相似文献   

云南东方蜜蜂形态特征与环境因子相关性的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

谭垦  和绍禹  张炫  周丹银 《蜜蜂杂志》2002,20(3):6-7

云南东方蜜蜂种群内遗传变异丰富 ,每个形态性状特征均具有丰富的多态性 ,种群间具多型性 ,且种群中许多形态性状特征表现出较明显的地理变异性[1～ 3 ] 。从滇南 -滇中 -滇西北 ,随纬度或海拔的增加 ,形态特征变异的总趋势是 :蜜蜂个体增大、体色变深。具体是 :1.前翅长、宽 ,背板 3、 4宽 ;2 .后腿长 ,蜡镜长、宽 ,蜡镜间距 ,腹片 3、 6的长和宽逐渐增加 ;3.背板 3、 4的色素度 ,小盾片的色素度逐渐加深。云南东方蜜蜂种群形态性状的多态性、多型性及其生态地理变异式样 ,均具有生态适应意义 :与云南东方蜜蜂分布区的气候特点相适应 ,而且还与海拔高度和纬度的变化有着密切的适应关系  相似文献   

大麻哈鱼不同月龄形态性状对体质量的影响     

李培伦  刘伟  姜黎明 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2019,47(9):8-16

【目的】研究影响不同月龄大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus keta)体质量的重点形态性状,掌握其不同生长阶段的生长特点,为大麻哈鱼规模化人工养殖及其资源深度开发利用奠定基础。【方法】在恒温封闭循环海水系统中人工养殖4月龄、8月龄、19月龄和32月龄野生一代大麻哈鱼,在养殖过程中测定其体质量、叉长、全长、吻长、头长、眼径、尾柄长、尾柄高、体高、头高和体宽等11个性状,采用数理统计方法,对各形态性状之间的相关性进行分析,拟合出能够评估不同月龄体质量的回归方程。【结果】不同月龄大麻哈鱼各形态性状指标中体质量的变异系数均为最大,且随着月龄的增加,变异系数越大,说明大麻哈鱼在实际选择育种过程中潜力较大。相关性分析表明,4月龄大麻哈鱼各性状之间呈现出显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)相关性,8,19和32月龄大麻哈鱼各性状之间均呈现出极显著(P0.01)相关性;通径分析结果表明,影响4月龄和32月龄大麻哈鱼体质量的关键性状指标为全长、体高和体宽,8月龄为叉长、体高、体宽、尾柄高和头高,而19月龄则是叉长、体高、体宽和尾柄高,各月龄形态性状对大麻哈鱼体质量的总决定系数分别为0.887,0.890,0.853和0.901,均在85%以上。通过多元逐步回归分析方法建立以形态性状为自变量、体质量为因变量的多元回归方程,剔除与体质量相关性不显著的形态性状,所得方程保留的形态指标与通径分析结果一致。【结论】大麻哈鱼生长过程中体质量与各形态性状之间的相关关系,可以有效应用于大麻哈鱼的人工养殖选择育种及保种。  相似文献   

Effects of spatial extent on landscape structure and sediment metal concentration relationships in small estuarine systems of the United States’ Mid-Atlantic Coast     

Jeffrey W. Hollister  Peter V. August  John F. Paul 《Landscape Ecology》2008,23(1):91-105

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