TCD燃烧系统对柴油机燃烧和排放性能改善效果的试验研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

康与宁  李向荣  薄大伟  陈彦林  刘栋  常江 《农业工程学报》2021,37(11):50-59

为探究道依茨TCD2015柴油机上配备的导流燃烧系统(简称TCD燃烧系统,T表示涡轮增压器,Turbocharger,C表示进气中冷,Charge air cooling,D为柴油颗粒捕集器,Diesel particle filter)对改善柴油机燃烧性能和降低污染物排放的效果,采用单缸机试验对TCD燃烧系统在不同转速、负荷和过量空气系数下的燃烧和排放性能进行研究。试验结果表明不同工况下TCD燃烧系统燃油消耗率和Soot排放量均低于传统ω燃烧系统,燃油消耗率最大降幅为7.01%,Soot排放量最大降幅为86.67%,且低过量空气系数(1.2～1.6)下TCD燃烧系统仍具有较好的性能。为揭示TCD燃烧系统改善油气混合促进燃烧的机理,采用AVL Fire软件建立了柴油机性能仿真模型。计算结果表明,TCD燃烧系统的环状凸起结构将燃油导向内外两室,从而促进了缸内燃油发展过程,燃油当量比大于4的浓混合气区域燃油质量比例相比ω燃烧系统降幅最大为9.75%,活塞下移时TCD燃烧系统内油束撞击浅盘侧壁形成撞壁射流扩大了燃油扩散面积,从而改善了缸内油气混合质量,燃油当量比小于1的均匀混合气区域燃油质量比例相比ω燃烧系统降幅最大为7.45%,因此TCD燃烧系统能够有效改善柴油机的燃烧和排放性能,可应用于柴油机高负荷和低过量空气系数工况综合性能提升。研究结果可为柴油机燃烧系统开发和改进提供参考。  相似文献   

甜菜BvGSTU9基因的生物信息学及在镉胁迫下的表达分析     

周婉婷  汪曼  周翔  高卓  李佳佳  李王胜  李思琪  王雪倩  王录红  刘大丽 《中国农学通报》2021,37(36):111-118

为了进一步研究甜菜谷胱甘肽转移酶BvGSTU9 (LOC104894060)在重金属胁迫过程中的功能。本研究以‘780016B/12优’为实验材料,对该基因序列特征、结构、功能进行预测分析,并利用qPCR检测该基因在不同浓度镉胁迫下的表达量变化。结果显示甜菜BvGSTU9基因全长925 bp,开放阅读框675 bp,编码了由224个氨基酸组成的不稳定膜外蛋白。BvGSTU9与菠菜、藜麦的氨基酸序列相似性较高,与系统发育进化树分析结果基本相符。二级和三级结构预测表明该基因主要由α-螺旋、β-折叠、延伸链及无规则卷曲组成。qPCR显示BvGSTU9基因在不同浓度的镉胁迫下均受到不同程度的诱导,因此可以推断甜菜BvGSTU9基因无论从结构还是功能上,与镉逆境胁迫存在着一定的应答关系。研究结果也为甜菜耐重金属镉机制研究提供参考依据。  相似文献   

宽甸地区林业资源及其特色产业发展研究     

崔勇 《农业科技与装备》2021,(1)

综述宽甸地区自然条件和林业资源概况,介绍林业特色产业的规划布局和建设现状。基于生态文明的发展理念,根据林业资源的特点和优势,提出进一步发展特色林业产业的可行性建议,为充分发挥宽甸地区林业资源潜力提供借鉴。  相似文献   

极小种群植物“川柿”生物学特性及种子萌发方法研究     

刘燕琴  刘正宇  刘春雷  曹敏  张军 《中国果业信息》2021,50(4)

摘 要：【目的】为了保护和发展极小种群植物川柿，开展此研究。【方法】采用观测法，连续3年对其生物学特性研究；种子萌发方法：（1）后熟0、30、45、60天，剥离清洗播种；（2）后熟60天，以GA300、600、1000 mg/L溶液浸种1h；播种基质为河沙（保持一定湿度），放置室内，统计萌发时间和出苗率。【结果】（1）川柿花期4-5月，10月为果熟期，单果直径32.7±5.80mm，单果重23.0±5.30g；种子肾形、千粒重1070g；成年植株呈隔年开花、结果现象；（2）种子经“后熟+河沙播种”，可萌发，其中以后熟60天的出苗率较高，为65%；直接播种种子，出苗率5%；“后熟+GA溶液浸种+河沙播种”，出苗率均高于65%，其中以GA600mg/L浸泡1h处理，出苗率最高为83.3%。【结论】极小种群植物川柿为常绿叶乔木，有隔年开花、结果现象； “果后熟60天+GA600mg/L浸泡种子1h +室内河沙播种”可提高种子萌发率，为川柿种子繁殖提供参考。  相似文献   

Determination of critical nitrogen dilution curve based on leaf area index for winter wheat in the Guanzhong Plain,Northwest China     

Sheng-cai QIANG  Fu-cang ZHANG  Miles Dyck  Yan ZHANG  You-zhen XIANG  Jun-liang FAN 《农业科学学报》2019,18(10):2369-2380

Excessive use of nitrogen(N) fertilizers in agricultural systems increases the cost of production and risk of environmental pollution. Therefore, determination of optimum N requirements for plant growth is necessary. Previous studies mostly established critical N dilution curves based on aboveground dry matter(DM) or leaf dry matter(LDM) and stem dry matter(SDM), to diagnose the N nutrition status of the whole plant. As these methods are time consuming, we investigated the more rapidly determined leaf area index(LAI) method to establish the critical nitrogen(N_c) dilution curve, and the curve was used to diagnose plant N status for winter wheat in Guanzhong Plain in Northwest China. Field experiments were conducted using four N fertilization levels(0, 105, 210 and 315 kg ha-1) applied to six wheat cultivars in the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 growing seasons. LAI, DM, plant N concentration(PNC) and grain yield were determined. Data points from four cultivars were used for establishing the N_c curve and data points from the remaining two cultivars were used for validating the curve. The N_c dilution curve was validated for N-limiting and non-N-limiting growth conditions and there was good agreement between estimated and observed values. The N nutrition index(NNI) ranged from 0.41 to 1.25 and the accumulated plant N deficit(N_(and)) ranged from 60.38 to –17.92 kg ha~(-1) during the growing season. The relative grain yield was significantly affected by NNI and was adequately described with a parabolic function. The N_c curve based on LAI can be adopted as an alternative and more rapid approach to diagnose plant N status to support N fertilization decisions during the vegetative growth of winter wheat in Guanzhong Plain in Northwest China.  相似文献   

Radioisotope and stable isotope ratios (Δ14C, δ15N) suggest larval lamprey growth is dependent on both fresh and aged organic matter in streams     

Thomas M. Evans  Amber R. Bellamy  James E. Bauer 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2019,28(3):365-375

Lampreys have a complex life cycle which includes a multi‐year infaunal larval stage (ammocoete). Gut content analysis has generally identified detritus (i.e., unidentifiable organic matter) as the major dietary component to ammocoetes, though algae can also be important. However, gut content preserves only a snapshot of the animal's diet and does not reflect assimilated material. In order to better characterise the nutritional sources supporting ammocoete growth, we analysed ammocoete body tissue and potential dietary sources at two streams using natural Δ¹⁴C and δ¹⁵N to estimate time‐integrated nutritional support. Bayesian isotope mixing models revealed differences in the importance of sources supporting ammocoetes between sites. Ammocoetes from a stream in a mixed land usage area (~50% agriculture, ~40% forest and ~10% developed) were primarily supported (mean: ~50%) by fresh terrestrial organic matter but were also supported by substantial contributions (mean: ~30%) by aged organic matter (AOM) and autochthonous material (algae; mean ~20%). In a predominantly forested (~90%) headwater stream, different modelling scenarios (uninformed or informed priors) suggested that algal support of ammocoete nutrition ranged from 7% to 45%. However, the model relying on informed priors developed from gut content analysis produced the low estimates, suggesting these were more reliable. When algae were a minor component of the nutrition at the forested site, ammocoetes were highly dependent on AOM (83 ± 26%; mean ± SD). Based on these findings, ammocoete growth and development are predicted to be strongly influenced by both land use and the availability of allochthonous and autochthonous materials of varying ages within streams.  相似文献   

不同氮素水平下双季稻株型与冠层内光截获特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李艳大  黄俊宝  叶春  舒时富  孙滨峰  陈立才  王康军  曹中盛 《作物学报》2019,45(9):1375-1385

本文旨在阐明双季稻株型与冠层内光合有效辐射截获的时空分布特征。选用4个不同株型早、晚稻品种,设置4个不同施氮水平,系统观测其植株形态和冠层内光合有效辐射截获率(IPAR)的时空分布状况。结果表明,施氮水平对早、晚稻株高、穗长、叶长和叶基角均有显著影响,均表现为随施氮水平的增加而增大;早、晚稻孕穗期的分层叶面积指数(LAI)和向上累积LAI大于抽穗后12 d,分层LAI呈冠层中部大于上部和下部的分布特征,最大分层LAI出现在0.58相对高度处;冠层上中部分层LAI和向上累积LAI随施氮水平的增加而增大;向上累积LAI随相对高度呈S型曲线分布,可用Logistic方程定量描述(R~2 0.99);早、晚稻孕穗期的冠层IPAR大于抽穗后12 d,且随施氮水平的增加而增大,其日变化表现为正午较小,早晚较大;株型紧凑的早、晚稻品种,冠层IPAR低;冠层IPAR与向下累积LAI之间的关系可用方程IPAR=a (1-e~(-b×LAI))定量描述(R~2 0.88);冠层内IPAR的三维空间分布表现为冠层上中部水平面上IPAR较低,光斑变化大,冠层下部水平面上IPAR较高,光斑变化较平缓,同一冠层高度水平面上的IPAR呈不均匀分布。研究结果可为双季稻高产栽培及理想株型的优化设计提供支撑。  相似文献   

Introduction to the International Symposium on Lipid Science and Health and research progress in lipid science and health     

《中国油料作物学报(英文)》2021,6(4):159-163

The International Symposium on Lipid Science and Health (ISLSH), which was organized annually by Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (OCRI-CAAS) since 2016, has gained a strong reputation and attracted hundreds of delegates from around the world for discussion of lipid research trends and advances every year, to promote research and academic exchanges in the fields of lipid science and health. The 5th International Symposium on lipid Science and Health was successfully held in Wuhan, China, from October 23rd to 25th, 2020, to celebrate the 60th anniversary of OCRI-CAAS. The two-day symposium gathered well-known experts specialized in lipid science to share the current state of lipid research with emphasis on aspects covering: (1) lipid profiling and characterization, (2) lipid preparation and modification, (3) lipid improvement and regulation, and (4) lipid nutrition and health. The symposium was conducted by a combination of on-site and network meeting. More than 250 distinguished delegates from academia and industry participated in the on-site multidisciplinary meeting, and thousands of scholars attended the virtual event. This paper is as a record of the symposium proceedings and a brief summary of the advances and trends in 4 aspects of lipid science and health.  相似文献   

基于RGB颜色空间的早稻氮素营养监测研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

叶春  刘莹  李艳大  曹中盛  张丽娜  刘继忠 《中国农业大学学报》2020,25(8):25-34

针对双季稻区水稻过量施肥带来环境污染和成本提高问题,设计不同品种氮肥梯度大田试验,应用数码相机获取早稻冠层数字图像,研究不同色彩参数及早稻氮素营养指标的时空变化特征,以期确立双季早稻氮素营养预测模型。结果表明:不同品种同一氮肥处理下图像色彩参数差异不大;拔节期数字图像参数对氮素营养指标敏感;模型构建结果显示,图像参数INT与水稻氮素营养指标构建的模型决定系数(R2)最大,模型预测效果最佳,R2分别为0.895 7和0.924 7;进一步采用多元回归分析和BP神经网络分析法进行预测,预测效果均较好。对预测结果进行检验,发现品种对于模型的构建影响不大,以BP神经网络分析法构建的叶片氮浓度(LNC)模型和以INT为敏感色彩参数构建的叶片氮积累量(LNA)回归模型效果最优,而多元回归分析方法则效果不佳。早稻冠层RGB颜色空间敏感参数与氮素营养指标间相关性较好,可以实现氮素营养的无损监测诊断。  相似文献   

Measuring trail users’ perception of crowding in a peri-urban nature park: A best-worst scaling experiment     

《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2018

This paper evaluates the perception of crowding, its determinants and relationship with trail users’ experience in a peri-urban nature park. Existing crowding surveys rely heavily on a single-item 9-point crowding scale which was originally developed for backcountry areas. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to test the validity and reliability of this measure in detecting crowding issues and formulating visitor capacity limits. Low validity and reliability raised concerns about the applicability of this scale in similar frontcountry areas. Inability of this simple crowding measure to detect a visitor threshold brings to the fore its another important limitation – ignorance of the complexity of crowding phenomenon. The perception of crowding varies with various social, psychological and situational factors, and a best-worst scaling (BWS) experiment was designed to simultaneously evaluate different aspects of crowding in the Medvednica Nature Park, a peri-urban nature park near Zagreb, Croatia. The findings of BWS experiment revealed that occupancy of mountain huts, number of other hikers on the trail and amount of litter along the trail on average contributed most to the trail users’ sense of crowding. A latent class analysis identified a large heterogeneity in the perception of crowding; while one group of trail users (63%) was more disturbed by the direct social impacts, the others (37%) were more disturbed by the secondary impacts of other visitors, especially by the negative externalities from road traffic in the park. Older visitors had a greater tendency to primarily associate crowding with the environmental conditions. A higher impact of trail use level in the perception of crowding, younger age and more frequent use were associated with a more negative evaluation of crowding. The park management should closely monitor road traffic in the park and visitor activity on highly used trails, especially on those popular among younger trail users.  相似文献