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目的探讨三维超声容积对比成像C平面技术（Volume Contrast Imaging—Cplane,VCI—C）与MRI两种影像学方法在评估胎JLd,脑蚓部发育不良的价值．方法对小脑蚓部发育正常组胎儿30例和小脑蚓部发育不良组胎儿14例分别行VCI．C及MRI检查,测量胎儿小脑蚓部的高度、前后径和面积;测量脑干-小脑蚓部夹角（brainstem—vermis angle,BV角）、脑干一小脑幕夹角（brainstem—tentorium angle,BT角）,采用配对t检验评估两种影像手段的一致性．结果VCI—C技术与MRI两种方法在测量正常对照组胎儿小脑蚓部的高度、前后径和面积及BV角、BT角差异不具有统计学意义（P〉0．05）,可认为两种影像学方法在测量正常对照组胎儿小脑蚓部的高度、前后径和面积及BV角、BT角方面具有一致性;VCI－C技术与MRI两种方法测量小脑蚓部发育不良组胎儿小脑蚓部的高度、前后径和面积及BV角、BT角差异不具有统计学意义（P〉0．05）,可认为两种影像学方法在测量小脑蚓部发育不良组胎儿小脑蚓部的高度、前后径和面积及BV角、BT角方面具有一致性．结论两种方法在评估胎儿小脑蚓部发育不良方面具有一致性,VCI—C技术可作为产前诊断与鉴别诊断胎儿小脑蚓部发育不良的常规检查手段． 相似文献
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An oculo-cerebellar syndrome caused by congenital bovine viral diarrhoea virus-infection 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
H Bielefeldt Ohmann 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1984,25(1):36-49
An epizootic characterized by birth of calves severly ataxic and blind were encountered in 3 herds 7–8 months after outbreaks of bovine virus diarrhoea. Serological and virological investigations indicated introduction of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) into previously virus-free herds, followed by transplacental virus infection of the fetuses of cows in the first trimester. Clinical, pathological, serological, and microbiological examinations were performed on 10 calves. Pathological findings included microcephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia, ocular malformations, and thymic hypoplasia. BVDV was isolated from tissue and blood of 7 calves, and 4 calves, 1 of which had not received colostrum, had virus-specific neutralizing antibodies.This is the first report on natural occurrence of congenital bovine infection with BVDV among Danish cattle herds resulting in abortion and birth of calves with severe debilitating congenital anomalies. It draws attention to the importance of this virus for bovines of all age groups. 相似文献
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Buchanan JW Patterson DF 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(2):167-171
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is the most common congenital heart disease in dogs and usually causes heart failure and death unless corrected at a young age. Previous histologic studies in a line of dogs derived from Miniature Poodles with hereditary PDA identified varying degrees of hypoplasia and asymmetry of ductus-specific smooth muscle and the presence of aortalike elastic tissue in the ductus wall sufficient to cause patency. To determine if similar structural abnormalities cause PDA in other dogs, serial-section, 3-dimensional histology of ductal architecture was studied in 8 non-Poodle purebred dogs with PDA with no immediate family history of PDA. Morphologic abnormalities were observed in 7 of 8 dogs with PDA and essentially were the same as those in dogs known to have a hereditary form of PDA. These findings suggest that apparently sporadic PDA in these breeds is caused by a genetic defect in the structure of the ductus arteriosus that is similar or identical to that in the Poodle. The relatives of dogs with PDA, particularly parents, offspring, and siblings, should be screened for evidence of PDA. Dogs with PDA should not be used for breeding, regardless of breed. 相似文献
4.
Robert N. White BSc BVetMed Nicholas J. Macdonald BVetMed Carolyn A. Burton BVetMed PHD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2003,44(5):514-521
A retrospective study of the use of intraoperative mesenteric portovenography (IOMP) in the surgical management of congenital portosystemic shunts in 100 dogs and cats was performed. Each portovenogram was scored using a subjective visual analogue scale (VAS) and was assessed for the presence of portal atresia or hypoplasia. VAS scores and portal hypoplasia assessments were obtained for portovenogram images obtained for each animal both before shunt manipulation (preligation) and following the temporary, complete ligation of the vessel (postligation). In each patient, surgical records were reviewed to ascertain the degree of shunt attenuation that was achieved at surgery. Hepatic portal vasculature was significantly different on postligation compared with preligation IOMP. Sixty-two percent of animals had apparent portal hypoplasia or atresia on their preligation IOMP. The majority of these (81%) had an improvement in portal vasculature on postligation IOMP. It was concluded that both preligation and postligation IOMP provided valuable information regarding the morphology of congenital portosystemic shunts. An accurate assessment of an animal's portal vasculature could only be made following the interpretation of a postligation portovenogram, and these findings significantly influenced the surgical management of the patient. Although individuals with high postligation VAS scores were more likely to achieve full shunt attenuation at surgery, there was no quantifiable relationship between IOMP findings and the degree of shunt attenuation achieved. 相似文献
5.
Rusbridge C Greitz D Iskandar BJ 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(3):469-479
Syringomyelia is a condition that results in fluid-containing cavities within the parenchyma of the spinal cord as a consequence of altered cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. This review discusses the history and the classification of the disorder, the current theories of pathogenesis, and the advanced imaging modalities used in the diagnosis. The intramedullary pulse pressure theory (a new pathophysiologic concept of syringomyelia) also is presented. In addition, the current understanding of the painful nature of this condition is discussed and the current trends in medical and surgical management are reviewed. 相似文献
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Martin J Schmidt Antje Wigger Sebastian Jawinski Tanja Golla Martin Kramer 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2008,49(5):472-476
Ultrasonographic evaluation of the spine, especially of the spinal cord, has been rarely reported in dogs. The atlanto-occipital junction provides a small acoustic window through which examination of the craniocervical transition can be performed. Normal sonographic findings of this region in 10 normal brachycephalic dogs are presented and compared with sonographic findings from 25 Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with the caudal occipital malformation syndrome. Sonographic findings were compared with magnetic resonance imaging findings to determine the extent of cerebellar herniation and syringohydromyelia. Cerebellar displacement into the foramen magnum was clearly identified sonographically; however, syringohydromyelia was not discernable due to bone overlay. 相似文献
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S. Schön M. Wehrli Eser P. R. Kircher T. Sydler H. Augsburger S. Ohlerth K. Beckmann A. E. Fürst 《Equine Veterinary Education》2019,31(2):80-87
A 17-month-old Warmblood filly was referred to our clinic for evaluation of congenital facial nerve (FN) paralysis. Clinical examination revealed a right-sided facial paralysis with mild masticatory muscle atrophy, mild dysphagia and exposure keratitis. Apart from the FN deficits, neurological examination of the remaining cranial nerves showed no abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination using a 3.0 Tesla scanner showed that in comparison to the left FN, the intracranial section of the right FN between the pons and internal acoustic canal was thinner, whereas it appeared indistinct and thickened within the internal acoustic canal and facial canal. Signs of meningitis or encephalitis were not present on MRI. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed mild pleocytosis. The owner of the filly requested euthanasia due to the guarded prognosis. At necropsy, the intracranial section of the right FN was macroscopically thinner than the left side and within the facial canal, a 5 mm tissue stump could be identified with an absent extracranial part of the right FN. Histological examination of the brain stem showed different architecture of the left and right motor nuclei of the FN: in the left nucleus, motor neurons of a normal size and well stainable Nissl bodies were present, whereas in the right nucleus, neurons with Nissl bodies were decreased in number and size. Further, a cytoplasmic rich cell population with a nucleus size compatible with normal neurons was present. These cells were suspected to be atrophic neurons. The tissue stump within the facial canal was histologically identified as connective tissue. Unilateral malformation of the FN has not previously been described in the horse. This filly showed a right-sided, intracranial hypoplasia accompanied by an extracranial aplasia of the FN causing complete, congenital facial nerve paralysis, which corresponded to a difference in the architecture of the affected motor nucleus of the FN. 相似文献
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鹅枕静脉窦采血制备抗小鹅瘟血清的试验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对１７０只青年鹅进行了枕静脉窦采血试验，并检测了４次重复大量采血的血清抗体效价及重复采血对试验鹅健康的影响。结果如下：一个抗体效价高峰期内，枕静脉窦４次重复采血（隔日１次或每日１次）所获平均血量（２００ｍＬ）是宰杀采血量（１１０ｍＬ）的１．８倍，而获血清量则达２倍以上。所获血清的抗小鹅瘟病毒效价与宰杀采血的血清相当，对人工感染雏鹅的保护率达１００％。４次重复采血对试鹅健康无明显影响。结果表明，鹅枕 相似文献
10.
Distinctive histopathologic features of canine optic nerve hypoplasia and aplasia: a retrospective review of 13 cases 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Canine optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) and aplasia (ONA) are significant neuro-ophthalmologic disorders that have been reported in several species. The purpose of this study was to describe the distinctive histopathologic features of ONH and ONA in canine patients identified from a collection of 20 000 ocular submissions at the comparative ocular pathology laboratory of Wisconsin from 1989 to 2006. The following information about ONH and ONA cases was collected: signalment, and clinical and gross findings, including unilateral vs. bilateral involvement. Microscopic evaluation was performed, with attention to optic nerve malformation, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) and nerve fiber layer (NFL) loss, and retinal disorganization. The distribution of retinal vasculature was recorded and a search for unusual findings of ONH and ONA was performed. Information and histologic documentation was available for 13 cases. Eight cases of ONH and five cases of ONA were identified. The average group age was 20.2 months and 16.1 months, respectively. The most common breed was the Shih Tzu (3/13). ONH usually presented bilaterally (7/8); all ONA cases presented as a unilateral disease (5/5). The morphologic findings in the optic nerve (ON) in ONH included variable degrees of ON hypoplasia and gliosis, as well as ectopic vestigial ON remnants within orbital nerves and connective tissues. The NFL was detected in the majority of the ONH cases; however, RGCs were rare or absent. Mild retinal disorganization was seen occasionally. Most cases of ONH were associated with regional peripheral retinal blood vessel extension into the vitreous, leaving the peripheral retina avascular. In ONA cases the retinal blood vessels, NFL and RGCs were totally absent and retinal disorganization was severe. Distinctive microscopic features encountered in ONA included anterior segment dysgenesis in some cases. The retina in these cases was stretched across the posterior lens capsule, never making contact with the posterior pole of the globe. The current study reviews the human and veterinary literature pertaining to ONH and ONA, compares ONH and ONA in dogs, and presents related ophthalmic histopathologic findings that have not been reported previously. 相似文献