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宠物源大肠杆菌中质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药基因qnrD的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】对临床分离的宠物源大肠杆菌进行质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药基因qnrD的检测,并对该基因进行序列分析和传播机制的研究。【方法】采用微量稀释法对阳性菌株进行15种抗生素的最小抑菌浓度试验;通过PCR对基因克隆,并对克隆产物和菌株阳性质粒进行转化;同时对菌株进行接合转移试验。【结果】从164株宠物源大肠杆菌中检测出1株qnrD阳性菌株(GP2009-036),GP2009-036对14种兽医临床常用抗生素耐药严重,表现为多重耐药(14耐);PCR产物经连接PMD19-T载体后可转化入DH5α感受态细胞中;接合转移试验成功地将质粒转移到大肠杆菌J53中;可从GP2009-036与其转化子中抽提出阳性质粒。【结论】该qnrD阳性菌株对临床常用抗生素耐药严重,且阳性质粒可在病原微生物间进行水平传播,其水平传播机制可能使该基因在宠物临床上进行传播。 相似文献
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Bo Yu Yanan Zhang Li Yang Jinge Xu Shijin Bu 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2021,88(1)
This study was carried out to investigate the resistance phenotypes and resistance genes of Escherichia coli from swine in Guizhou, China. A total of 47 E. coli strains isolated between 2013 and 2018 were tested using the Kirby–Bauer (K–B) method to verify their resistance to 19 common clinical antimicrobials. Five classes consisting of 29 resistance genes were detected using polymerase chain reaction. The status regarding extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and the relationship between ESBL CTX-M-type β-lactamase genes and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes were analysed. A total of 46 strains (97.9%) were found to be multidrug resistant. Amongst them, 27 strains (57.4%) were resistant to more than eight antimicrobials, and the maximum number of resistant antimicrobial agents was 16. Twenty antibiotic resistance genes were detected, including six β-lactamase genes blaTEM (74.5%), blaCTX-M-9G (29.8%), blaDHA (17.0%), blaCTX-M-1G (10.6%), blaSHV (8.5%), blaOXA (2.1%), five aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes aac(3′)-IV (93.6%), aadA1 (78.7%), aadA2 (76.6%), aac(3′)-II c (55.3%), aac(6′)-Ib (2.1%) and five amphenicol resistance genes floR (70.2%), cmlA (53.2%), cat2 (10.6%), cat1 (6.4%), cmlB (2.1%), three PMQR genes qnrS (55.3%), oqxA (53.2%), qepA (27.7%) and polypeptide resistance gene mcr-1 (40.4%). The detection rate of ESBL-positive strains was 80.9% (38/47) and ESBL TEM-type was the most abundant ESBLs. The percentage of the PMQR gene in blaCTX-M-positive strains was high, and the detection rate of blaCTX-M-9G was the highest in CTX-M type. It is clear that multiple drug resistant E. coli is common in healthy swine in this study. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase is very abundant in the E. coli strains isolated from swine and most of them are multiple compound genotypes. 相似文献
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To investigate the aerotransmission of Escherichia coli (E.coli) carrying the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes,airborne E.coli were isolated from indoor air,upwind air and downwind air samples in five swine farms.Fecal samples from swine houses were randomly collected to isolate the E.coli.The sensitivities of the E.coli strains against 14 antibiotics were tested.The E.coli carrying the PMQR genes (qnr,aac(6')-Ib-cr,qepA) were identified by ERIC-PCR,and then the genetic fingerprints of E.coli were established to analyze its origins and spread toward the outside surroundings.The results showed that E.coli isolated from five swine farms showed high resistance against 12 antibiotics,such as gentamicin,kanamycin,tetracycline,streptomycin,nalidixic acid and sulfamethoxazole,and presented multi-drug resistant.Results of ERIC-PCR showed that 46.34% (19/41) of strains isolated from indoor air samples had the same origin with fecal-obtained strains,and 73.68% (14/19) of them shared the same PMQR genes with fecal-obtained strains.68.42% (26/38) of strains isolated from downwind air samples had the same origin with fecal-obtained or indoor air-obtained strains,and 65.38% (17/26) of them shared the same PMQR genes with fecal-obtained or indoor air-obtained strains.This indicated that E.coli carrying PMQR genes and originating from feces in swine houses could form aerosols to pollute the indoor air and then spread to the downwind air through air exchange (≥400 m),which could be a potential threaten to public environment and human health. 相似文献
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猪源大肠杆菌质粒和染色体介导的喹诺酮类药的耐药机制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用微量肉汤稀释法对31株猪源大肠杆菌进行6种喹诺酮类药物的敏感性测定,聚合酶链式反应检测质粒介导的喹诺酮类耐药（PMQR）基因qnr、qepA和aac（6′）-Ib-cr,并分析PMQR基因阳性菌株染色体gyrA、gyrB、parC、parE基因的喹诺酮耐药决定突变区（QRDRs）突变。结果显示,31株猪源大肠杆菌对兽医临床常用的氟喹诺酮类药物均呈现耐药。在31株猪源肠杆菌中共检测到2株携带qnrB10和4株携带qnrS1基因的大肠杆菌,未检测到qnrA、qepA和aac（6′）-Ib-cr。在PMQR阳性菌株gyrA基因的QRDRs中,低耐药菌株的gyrA基因出现83位S→W突变,高耐药菌株的gyrA基因同时出现83位S→L和87位D→N突变。而在parC基因的QRDRs中,大部分耐药菌株出现80位S→I突变,1株耐药菌株出现45位V→L突变。gyrB和parE基因的QRDRs未检测到突变。结果表明,本地区猪源大肠杆菌对兽医临床常用的氟喹诺酮类药物耐药严重,PMQR的出现和QRDRs的点突变可同时协同贡献对喹诺酮类耐药,而PMQR的出现加速了喹诺酮类耐药基因的快速传播。 相似文献
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为了调查养猪场携带质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药基因大肠杆菌的气源性传播情况,本试验分别在5个猪场舍内及舍外上风向和下风向不同距离收集空气样品,并在舍内随机采集粪便样品,分离大肠杆菌。药敏试验检测其对14种抗生素的耐药性。以质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药基因(qnr、aac(6')-Ib-cr、qepA)为指示基因,利用肠杆菌基因间重复一致序列聚合酶链式反应(ERIC-PCR)鉴定技术,分别对5个猪场不同样品中大肠杆菌的遗传相似性进行分析,评估其向舍外空气的传播情况。结果显示,5个猪场中的大肠杆菌对庆大霉素、卡那霉素、四环素、链霉素、萘啶酸、复方新诺明等12种常用抗生素耐药率较高,且呈现多重耐药。ERIC-PCR结果显示,46.34% (19/41)的舍内空气分离株与粪便分离株来源相同,其中73.68% (14/19)的分离株携带的耐药基因也相同;68.42% (26/38)的舍外空气分离株与舍内空气或粪便分离株来源相同,其中65.38% (17/26)的菌株携带相同的耐药基因。结果表明,起源于舍内粪便的携带质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药基因的大肠杆菌能形成气溶胶污染舍内空气,并借助舍内外气体交换,传播到舍外不同距离空气中(≥400 m),对养殖场周围的环境卫生及社区居民的健康形成威胁。 相似文献
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养殖龟鳖源气单胞菌耐药性与质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药基因分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
为了解养殖龟鳖源气单胞菌的耐药情况及质粒介导的喹诺酮类耐药(PMQR)、喹诺酮类耐药决定区(QRDR)与耐药表型之间的关系;实验采用K-B纸片法测定了1996—2013年从广东地区患病龟鳖分离的67株气单胞菌对23种常见抗菌药物的耐药性,并检测5种PMQR基因qnrA、qnrB、qnrS、qepA和aac(6')-Ib-cr,同时分析PMQR基因阳性菌株染色体上gyrA、parC基因QRDR的突变情况。结果显示,67株气单胞菌对氨苄西林、头孢噻吩和磺胺复合物的耐药率分别高达100%、92.54%和83.58%,对喹诺酮类药物呈现中等耐药,耐药率介于19.40%~64.18%,而对亚胺培南、呋喃妥因、阿米卡星、头孢噻肟敏感性较高,耐药率低于10%;79.10%(53/67)的菌株对3类或以上抗菌药物具有耐药性。19.40%(13/67)的菌株携带PMQR基因,其中,8.96%(6/67)携带qnrS1基因、5.97%(4/67)携带qnrS2基因、7.46%(5/67)携带aac(6')-Ib-cr基因[其中2株同时携带qnrS2和aac(6')-Ib-cr基因]。13株PMQR基因阳性菌株均分别携带1~4个质粒,大小介于0.8~15 kb;其中6株在gyrA基因及parC基因上均发生变异,3株仅在gyrA基因上发生变异,另外4株未发现QRDR的基因突变。研究表明,广东地区龟鳖源气单胞菌对多种抗菌药物耐药并存在多重耐药现象;而且PMQR机制的存在预示着喹诺酮类耐药性很可能会在水产临床上更加快速而广泛地传播,应引起重视。 相似文献
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