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1.
近年来,质粒介导的耐药已经成为细菌对氟喹诺酮类抗生素耐药(PMQR)的主要机制之一。质粒携带的耐药基因种类不断增多,且其耐药基因可随质粒在不同种属细菌间相互传递,进而引起细菌耐药性的广泛传播,得到了国内外相关工作者的高度关注。本文将就近年来有关质粒携带氟喹诺酮类药物耐药基因的研究进展做以综述,为其耐药机制进一步研究奠定理论基础。 相似文献
2.
Quinolone-resistant strains of the fish-pathogenic bacterium, Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida are distributed widely in cultured yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata (Temminck & Schlegel), in Japan. The quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) was amplified with degenerate primers, followed by cassette ligation-mediated PCR. Open reading frames encoding proteins of 875 and 755 amino acid residues were detected in the gyrA and parC genes, respectively. Resistant strains of P. damselae subsp. piscicida carried a point mutation only in the gyrA QRDR leading to a Ser-to-Ile substitution at residue position 83. No amino acid alterations were discovered in the ParC sequence. A mutation in the gyrA gene was also detected in nalidixic acid-resistant mutants of strain SP96002 obtained from agar medium containing increased levels of quinolone. These results suggest that GyrA, as in other Gram-negative bacteria, is a target of quinolone in P. damselae subsp. piscicida. Furthermore, we attempted to detect a point mutation using targeting-induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING), which is a general strategy used for the detection of a variety of induced point mutations and naturally occurring polymorphisms. We developed a new detection method for the rapid and large-scale identification of quinolone-resistant strains of P. damselae subsp. piscicida using TILLING. 相似文献
3.
为调查四川省某规模化豪猪养殖场中豪猪大面积腹泻死亡的原因,本研究采集病死豪猪的肠道内容物和肺脏等病料样品进行细菌的分离纯化,通过培养特性观察、革兰染色镜检、生化鉴定、16S rRNA基因的克隆测序进行鉴定,并对分离菌株进行致病性、耐药性分析,对其喹诺酮类耐药基因进行PCR检测并测序分析。结果显示,分离得到1株革兰阴性菌,该分离株符合福氏志贺菌的培养特性和生化特性,并且其16S rRNA基因序列与福氏志贺菌该基因序列的同源性为99%;对小鼠具有较强致病性;药敏试验结果显示分离株具有多重耐药性,仅对丁胺卡那敏感,对喹诺酮类、四环素类、头孢类、氨基糖苷类、青霉素类和氯霉素类药物均表现为耐药;分离株的DNA促旋酶Ⅱ和拓扑异构酶Ⅳ的喹诺酮耐药决定区均有突变,且携带有质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药基因qnr A和qnr S。本研究是国内首次关于豪猪源福氏志贺菌病的报道,为豪猪养殖中该细菌性疾病的诊断防治等相关研究提供参考。 相似文献
4.
HNKS Pathirana Gee-Wook Shin SHMP Wimalasena BCJ De Silva Sabrina Hossain Gang-Joon Heo 《Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine》2018,27(4):67-73
Proteus spp. are widely recognized as opportunistic pathogens causing urinary tract and septic infections in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes and mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region in association with the detection of quinolone susceptibility of 24 strains of pet turtle-borne Proteus spp. Susceptibility of 4 antimicrobials including nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and levofloxacin was examined by disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration test. Six isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid showing either intermediate resistance or resistance to other quinolones. All nalidixic acid, resistant isolates harbored mutations in gyrB (N440T/A401G/Q411S). Two of the isolates had both gyrA (S83I) and parC (S80I) mutations. Twenty-one isolates were positive for the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes; the qnrD gene had the highest prevalence with 19 (79.2%), while qnrS, qnrA, qnrB, and aac(6′), Ib-cr genes were present in 9 (37.5%), 2 (8.3%), 1 (4.2%), and 11 (45.8%) isolates, respectively. These results suggest that pet turtle-associated Proteus spp. should be considered a potential source of antimicrobial resistance determinants. 相似文献
5.
Woo Jung Kim Young Ok Kim Jin Hee Kim Bo-Hye Nam Dong-Gyun Kim Cheul Min An Jun Sik Lee Pan Soo Kim Hye Min Lee Joa-Sup Oh Jong Suk Lee 《Marine drugs》2016,14(1)
The ocean is a rich resource of flora, fauna, and food. A wild-type bacterial strain showing confluent growth on marine agar with antibacterial activity was isolated from marine water, identified using 16S rDNA sequence analysis as Pseudoalteromonas sp., and designated as strain M2. This strain was found to produce various secondary metabolites including quinolone alkaloids. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, we identified nine secondary metabolites of 4-hydroxy-2-alkylquinoline (pseudane-III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, and XI). Additionally, this strain produced two novel, closely related compounds, 2-isopentylqunoline-4-one and 2-(2,3-dimetylbutyl)qunoline-4-(1H)-one, which have not been previously reported from marine bacteria. From the metabolites produced by Pseudoalteromonas sp. M2, 2-(2,3-dimethylbutyl)quinolin-4-one, pseudane-VI, and pseudane-VII inhibited melanin synthesis in Melan-A cells by 23.0%, 28.2%, and 42.7%, respectively, wherein pseudane-VII showed the highest inhibition at 8 µg/mL. The results of this study suggest that liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS-based metabolite screening effectively improves the efficiency of novel metabolite discovery. Additionally, these compounds are promising candidates for further bioactivity development. 相似文献
6.
宠物源大肠杆菌中质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药基因qnrD的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】对临床分离的宠物源大肠杆菌进行质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药基因qnrD的检测,并对该基因进行序列分析和传播机制的研究。【方法】采用微量稀释法对阳性菌株进行15种抗生素的最小抑菌浓度试验;通过PCR对基因克隆,并对克隆产物和菌株阳性质粒进行转化;同时对菌株进行接合转移试验。【结果】从164株宠物源大肠杆菌中检测出1株qnrD阳性菌株(GP2009-036),GP2009-036对14种兽医临床常用抗生素耐药严重,表现为多重耐药(14耐);PCR产物经连接PMD19-T载体后可转化入DH5α感受态细胞中;接合转移试验成功地将质粒转移到大肠杆菌J53中;可从GP2009-036与其转化子中抽提出阳性质粒。【结论】该qnrD阳性菌株对临床常用抗生素耐药严重,且阳性质粒可在病原微生物间进行水平传播,其水平传播机制可能使该基因在宠物临床上进行传播。 相似文献
7.
Antimicrobial susceptibility and enrofloxacin resistance of streptococcal bacteria from farmed Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) in Thailand 
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下载免费PDF全文 Mintra Lukkana Sasibha Jantrakajorn Janenuj Wongtavatchai 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(10):3136-3144
This study examined the antimicrobial susceptibility and mutation(s) in quinolone resistance‐determining regions (QRDRs) in streptococcal pathogens isolated from farmed Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in Thailand. Surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility in tilapia streptococcal pathogens reveals that Streptococcus agalactiae (n = 97) and Streptococcus iniae (n = 3) from diseased tilapia were susceptible to amoxicillin, florfenicol, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and sulfadimethoxine/ormetoprim, however, only 78 isolates were susceptible to enrofloxacin. Twenty‐two enrofloxacin‐resistant S. agalactiae isolates were further examined for mutations in the QRDRs of gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE genes. Twenty isolates had single base pair changed in the gyrA sequence, C‐242‐T. Point mutations in gyrB, GC‐1135, 1136‐AA and T‐1466‐G, were identified in one isolate. All resistant isolates harboured a mutation in the parC gene, C‐236‐A, while no mutations were observed in the parE gene. The study represented mutations of gyrA and parC genes as marked modification of the enrofloxacin‐resistant S. agalactiae from farmed tilapia. This study is a primary report of the QRDRs mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance from streptococcal pathogen in the cultured fish. The phenotypic and genotypic characterization of enrofloxacin resistance S. agalactiae evident in this study has led to an improved regulation of antimicrobial use in Thai aquaculture. 相似文献
8.
Bo Yu Yanan Zhang Li Yang Jinge Xu Shijin Bu 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2021,88(1)
This study was carried out to investigate the resistance phenotypes and resistance genes of Escherichia coli from swine in Guizhou, China. A total of 47 E. coli strains isolated between 2013 and 2018 were tested using the Kirby–Bauer (K–B) method to verify their resistance to 19 common clinical antimicrobials. Five classes consisting of 29 resistance genes were detected using polymerase chain reaction. The status regarding extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and the relationship between ESBL CTX-M-type β-lactamase genes and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes were analysed. A total of 46 strains (97.9%) were found to be multidrug resistant. Amongst them, 27 strains (57.4%) were resistant to more than eight antimicrobials, and the maximum number of resistant antimicrobial agents was 16. Twenty antibiotic resistance genes were detected, including six β-lactamase genes blaTEM (74.5%), blaCTX-M-9G (29.8%), blaDHA (17.0%), blaCTX-M-1G (10.6%), blaSHV (8.5%), blaOXA (2.1%), five aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes aac(3′)-IV (93.6%), aadA1 (78.7%), aadA2 (76.6%), aac(3′)-II c (55.3%), aac(6′)-Ib (2.1%) and five amphenicol resistance genes floR (70.2%), cmlA (53.2%), cat2 (10.6%), cat1 (6.4%), cmlB (2.1%), three PMQR genes qnrS (55.3%), oqxA (53.2%), qepA (27.7%) and polypeptide resistance gene mcr-1 (40.4%). The detection rate of ESBL-positive strains was 80.9% (38/47) and ESBL TEM-type was the most abundant ESBLs. The percentage of the PMQR gene in blaCTX-M-positive strains was high, and the detection rate of blaCTX-M-9G was the highest in CTX-M type. It is clear that multiple drug resistant E. coli is common in healthy swine in this study. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase is very abundant in the E. coli strains isolated from swine and most of them are multiple compound genotypes. 相似文献
9.
Izumi S Ouchi S Kuge T Arai H Mito T Fujii H Aranishi F Shimizu A 《Journal of fish diseases》2007,30(3):141-147
A novel genotyping method for epizootiological studies of bacterial cold-water disease caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum and associated with quinolone resistance was developed. Polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed on 244 F. psychrophilum isolates from various fish species. PCR was performed with primer pair GYRA-FP1F and GYRA-FP1R amplifying the A subunit of the DNA gyrase (GyrA) gene, which contained the quinolone resistance determining region. Digestion of PCR products with the restriction enzyme Mph1103I showed two genotypes, QR and QS. The difference between these genotypes was amino acid substitutions at position 83 of GyrA (Escherichia coli numbering). The genotype QR indicated an alanine residue at this position associated with quinolone resistance in F. psychrophilum isolates. Of the 244 isolates tested in this study, the number of QR genotype isolates was 153 (62.7%). In isolates from ayu (n=177), 146 (82.5%) were genotype QR. With combination of this technique and previously reported PCR-RFLP genotyping, eight genotypes were observed in F. psychrophilum isolates. Using this genotyping system, the relationships between genotype and host fish species, or locality of isolation, were analysed and are discussed. 相似文献