Comparison of the microbial communities of alpacas and sheep fed diets with three different ratios of corn stalk to concentrate     

Ruimin Chao  Chengqiang Xia  Caixia Pei  Wenjie Huo  Qiang Liu  Chunxiang Zhang  Youshe Ren 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(1):26-34

The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of ruminal microbial communities of alpacas (Lama pacos) and sheep (Ovis aries) fed three diets with varying ratios of roughage (corn stalk) to concentrate, 3:7 (LS), 5:5 (MS) and 7:3 (HS). Six alpacas (one-year-old and weighing 29.5 ± 7.1 kg) and six sheep (one-year-old and weighing 27.9 ± 2.7 kg) were used in this study, in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment. Total protozoa concentration was determined under the microscope; total fungi and methanogens were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and expressed as a percentage of total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies; bacterial communities were investigated by targeted 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4 region) sequencing. The percentage of fungi was significantly higher in alpacas than in sheep under the LS diet, while the concentration of protozoa was significantly lower in alpacas under HS, MS and LS diets. The alpha diversity including Shannon, Chao l and ACE indices of bacterial communities was higher in alpacas than in sheep, under the LS diet. A total of 299 genera belonging to 22 phyla were observed in the forestomach of alpaca and sheep, with Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominating both animal species. Phyla Armatimonadetes and Fusobacteria, as well as 64 genera, were detected only in alpacas, whereas phyla Acidobacteria and Nitrospira, as well as 44 genera, were found only in sheep. The abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, including Butyrivibrio and Pseudobutyrivibrio, was higher in alpacas than in sheep under all three diets. These differences in the forestomach microbial communities partly explained why alpacas displayed a higher poor-quality roughage digestibility, and a lower methane production. Results also revealed that the adverse effects of high-concentrate diets (70%) were lesser in alpacas than in sheep.  相似文献   

In vitro rumen fermentation and digestibility of buffaloes as influenced by grape pomace powder and urea treated rice straw supplementation          下载免费PDF全文

Suban Foiklang  Metha Wanapat  Thitima Norrapoke 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(3):370-377

This study aimed to investigate the effect of grape pomace powder levels and roughage sources on gas kinetics, digestibility and fermentation of swamp buffaloes by using in vitro techniques. The experimental design was a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. Factor A was two sources of roughage (untreated rice straw, RS, and 3% urea treated rice straw, UTRS) and factor B was four levels of grape pomace powder (GPP) supplementation (0, 2, 4, 6% of substrate) on a dry matter basis. Results revealed that GPP supplementation at 2, 4 and 6% of substrate influenced gas kinetics. Cumulative gas production tended to be lower in the supplemented group. In vitro true digestibility was higher in the GPP supplementation at 2% with UTRS while microbial mass was higher in the supplemented groups. Supplementation of GPP significantly increased the total volatile fatty acids, especially propionate. Calculated methane production was subsequently decreased in the supplemented groups. Bacterial population was higher while protozoal population was lower by GPP supplementation. It could be concluded that supplementation of GPP at 2% of the substrate with UTRS improved in vitro true digestibility, rumen fermentation end‐products as well as reducing methane production.  相似文献   

大庆市粗饲料供应与利用的对策分析     

石伟  贾永全  吴晓海 《黑龙江农业科学》2008,(6):136-139

通过调查和研究，分析了大庆市粗饲料的生产和供应能力，确定了影响大庆市粗饲料供应与利用的主要影响因素。在此基础上，提出了大庆市粗饲料供应和利用的对策和建议。  相似文献   

添加酵母培养物对绵羊全颗粒饲粮中氮消化代谢的影响     

张昌吉  刘哲  郝正里  李发弟 《中国饲料》2007,(5):20-23

试验选用3只健康,并装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的杂种羯绵羊,采用3×3无重复拉丁方试验设计。研究以玉米秸、小麦秸和苜蓿草为粗料的全颗粒饲粮中添加不同水平酵母培养物(YC)对绵羊饲粮中氮的消化与代谢的影响。试验用饲粮为基础饲粮+0%YC、基础饲粮+1.5%YC和基础饲粮+3%YC,基础饲粮粗精比为67∶33。试验分3期,每期16d,全期48d。试验结果表明:全饲粮颗粒料中添加YC,对粗蛋白质表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05),但显著提高了氮的存留率(P=0.022);添加YC,对瘤胃液总氮、氨氮、尿素氮及蛋白氮浓度无显著影响(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

花生壳和麦秸用于饲养肉牛的营养价值和化学处理   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高腾云  王艳玲  惠参军  郭金玲  唐桂芬 《农业工程学报》2001,17(1):114-118

为了评定花生壳、麦秸和花生壳-麦秸型典型肉牛日粮的营养价值，分析了粗饲料和日粮的营养成分，以3只瘤胃瘘管山羊和尼龙袋技术评价了粗饲料和日粮中干物质和粗蛋白质的瘤胃降解率，以5头肉牛进行了日粮消化率测定；对花生壳和麦秸分别进行氨化处理和综合化学处理，以不同组的肉牛进行60 d的饲养试验，比较氨化处理以及综合化学处理对粗饲料饲养效果的影响。结果表明，花生壳中粗纤维含量高于麦秸，花生壳和麦秸中粗蛋白质含量低、干物质降解率高而粗蛋白质降解率低；以花生壳和麦秸为主要成分的典型肉牛日粮，干物质和粗蛋白质的降解率高且稳定，其干物质、粗蛋白质和粗纤维的消化率分别为44.60%, 61.88% 和30.41%。以3.5%的尿素氨化处理花生壳及麦秸对肉牛具有良好的饲养育肥效果；对花生壳以3.5%的尿素和4%的Ca(OH)₂进行综合化学处理，其效果优于单纯的氨化处理。  相似文献   

A survey on the feeding of eventing horses during competition     

J Brunner  B Wichert  D Burger  K von Peinen  A Liesegang 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2012,96(5):878-884

Summary This study aims at the comparison of the actual feeding of horses with the recommendations from the literature, and it studies the effects of feeding and exercise on several blood metabolic parameters before and after exercise. Blood samples were collected from 25 horses during one‐star eventing competitions and evaluated for blood glucose, insulin, lactate, free fatty acids and triglyceride levels. Questionnaires on the feeding practices of the horses were evaluated. The questionnaires revealed that during training, and on tournament days, horses received on average 4.3 kg of concentrate per day (min. 1.54 kg, max. 8 kg). The statistical analysis showed no significant effect of the amount of concentrate fed before exercise on the measured blood values. Oil was supplied as a supplementary energy source to 30% of the horses, but most of them only received very small quantities (0.02–0.4 l/day). Five horses (20%) had no access to salt supplements at all, and eleven horses (45%) had no access to salt on tournament days. Fifteen horses (60%) were supplied with mineral feed. Twenty‐one horses (84%) had daily access to pasture during the training period. During competition, 55% of the horses received roughage ad libitum, compared with 37% during training. The majority of the horses received less roughage on days before the cross‐country competition. It could not be ascertained whether feeding a large amounts of roughage had a beneficial effect on performance, because only a few horses in this study were fed with very restrictive roughage. Feeding of most of the horses was in agreement with the recommendations from the literature, except the need for sodium and chloride. The sodium and chloride need for sport horses may be overestimated in literature and needs to be re‐evaluated.  相似文献   

不同粗饲料品质（GI）与不同精料给量水平对奶牛生产性能影响的研究     

刘峰  杜瑞平  高民 《畜牧与饲料科学》2012,33(5)

为了完善二代GI技术标准体系,建立以粗饲料GI和产奶水平为参数的预测奶牛日粮科学精饲料给量模型。试验选取36头健康的泌乳中期中国荷斯坦奶牛,根据产奶量、泌乳天数、胎次相近的原则,随机分成3个大组,每个大组又分为3个小组,每个小组含4头奶牛。第1大组的粗饲料为黄贮,精、粗饲料比分别为55：45、57．5：42．5、60：40．标记为A1、A2、A3;第2大组为黄贮加羊草,精、粗饲料比分别为55：45、57．5：42．5、60：40,标记为B1、B2、B3;第3大组为全株玉米青贮加羊草,精、粗饲料比分别为55：45、57．5：42．5、60：40,标记为C1、C2、C3。研究不同粗饲料水平以及不同精料给量下,对泌乳奶牛生产性能的影响。结果表明,随着精料比例的增加,乳蛋白、乳糖和产奶量呈上升趋势．而乳脂呈下降趋势;精、粗饲料比对产奶量有显著影响（P〈0．05）,对乳成分有一定的影响（P〉0．05）;随着粗饲料品质（GI）的提高,乳脂和产奶量呈上升趋势,乳蛋白和乳糖呈下降趋势,但是对乳脂、乳蛋白和乳糖的影响不显著（P〉0．05）,对产奶量的影响显著（P〈0．05）。  相似文献   

肉牛TMR日粮粒度和饲料消化率分析          下载免费PDF全文

谢建亮  张家强  杨博华  朱重师  赵刚奎  王文盼  余宏毅  董彪  马银鹏  张国坪  辛亚平 《中国牛业科学》2019,45(6):34-37

[目的]分析肉牛场不同牛群全混合日粮(TMR)的粒度和饲料消化率。[方法]在固原市瑞科丰农牧科技有限公司选取西门塔尔牛犊牛、母牛、育肥牛各120头作为试验牛群,对照组和试验组各60头,试验组日粮中添加酵母培养物AYC-X6,对照组未添加。[结果]结果表明,断奶犊牛和育肥牛TMR日粮粒度第2层比例最高分别为51.60%,52.9%。母牛第1,2,3层比例基本相同,在20.30%～21.85%之间。犊牛日粮中添加酵母培养物AYC-X6后第1,2层筛上物合计35%,比例下降,说明犊牛消化程度增加,消化率提高。育肥牛日粮第1,2层筛上物合计分别为64%,48%,分别比对照组降低8%,24%。[结论]肉牛TMR日粮粒度越大,粗饲料越长,过瘤胃速度越慢;育肥前期粗饲料长度为2.5 cm,育肥后期粗饲料长度3.5 cm。断奶犊牛和育肥牛日粮中添加酵母培养物AYC-X6提高了饲料消化率。  相似文献   

Status of selenium and vitamin E on Norwegian organic sheep and dairy cattle farms     

Espen Govasmark  Arvid Steen  Turid Strøm  Sissel Hansen  Bal Ram Singh  Aksel Bernhoft 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(1):40-46

Herbage selenium (Se) concentration is generally low in Norway. It is unknown whether feeding practices on Norwegian organic farms fulfil the dietary needs of Se and vitamin E for sheep and dairy cattle. Therefore we analysed Se in soil and herbage, and Se and vitamin E in animal blood in the indoor feeding season at 14 organic dairy and 14 organic sheep farms. The herbage Se concentration was low. Approximately 50 and 35% of all samples in the first and second cut, respectively, had Se concentrations below the detection limit of 0.01 mg/kg dry matter (DM). The median (10th, 90th percentile) Se concentrations were <0.01 (<0.01, 0.03) and 0.02 (<0.01, 0.06) mg/kg DM in the first and second cuts, respectively. Whole blood Se concentrations were 0.10 (0.04, 0.15) μg/g in dairy cattle and 0.14 (0.03, 0.26) μg/g in sheep. Vitamin E concentrations were 4.2 (2.7, 8.4) mg/l in dairy cattle and 1.3 (0.9, 2.4) mg/l in sheep. None of the soil or plant variables explained the variation in herbage Se concentration, although Se in soil and plant tended to be correlated. Herbage Se concentration was inadequate to meet the dietary Se requirements. Vitamin E requirement was only met in dairy herds. We recommend Se and vitamin E supplementation to ruminants on organic farms.  相似文献   

Judgement of hygienic quality of roughage in horse stables in Switzerland     

Wichert B  Nater S  Wittenbrink MM  Wolf P  Meyer K  Wanner M 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2008,92(4):432-437

In 46 horse farms all over Switzerland, the hygienic quality of the roughage (including silages) was investigated. Therefore, a macroscopic examination as well as the microbial counts (bacteria, yeasts and moulds) was carried out. Further, the contents of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and the contamination with deoxynivalenol (DON) were determined. In all roughages, the dry matter (DM) content was measured and in silages additionally the pH was measured. Predominantly, the straw showed a lower hygienic quality than hay and silages. The LPS contents were significantly higher in straw than those in hay samples. The macroscopic examination and the microbial counts showed a tendency in the same direction. Eight straw samples and one hay sample with DON contamination were found. The silages showed a DM content with a median of 65.8%. The pH of those silages was between 4.3 and 5.9. Despite the high values of DM and pH, the silages showed mainly a high hygienic quality. In total, the hygienic standard of straw was worse than that of hay. This should be taken into account also in straw used as bedding as much as the hygienic quality of hay.  相似文献