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1.
瘤胃微生物在木质纤维素价值化利用的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
瘤胃是反刍动物消化的第一个腔室,各种微生物(细菌、真菌和原生动物)相互作用将木质纤维素植物生物降解为易于代谢的化合物。瘤胃也是目前自然界公认的木质纤维素高效降解和利用的天然反应器,其真菌和细菌可分泌多种木质纤维素降解酶,在木质纤维素生产生物燃料和化学用品方面具有潜在的价值。因此,本研究在瘤胃内木质纤维降解的微生物及其降解木质纤维素相关酶的基础上,重点综述了瘤胃微生物在木质纤维素生物转化为乙醇、生物化学(有机酸)及沼气等方面的研究进展,旨在为瘤胃微生物和瘤胃酶在木质纤维素价值化利用方面的研究和应用提供新的方法和思路。 相似文献
2.
Ruimin Chao Chengqiang Xia Caixia Pei Wenjie Huo Qiang Liu Chunxiang Zhang Youshe Ren 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(1):26-34
The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of ruminal microbial communities of alpacas (Lama pacos) and sheep (Ovis aries) fed three diets with varying ratios of roughage (corn stalk) to concentrate, 3:7 (LS), 5:5 (MS) and 7:3 (HS). Six alpacas (one-year-old and weighing 29.5 ± 7.1 kg) and six sheep (one-year-old and weighing 27.9 ± 2.7 kg) were used in this study, in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment. Total protozoa concentration was determined under the microscope; total fungi and methanogens were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and expressed as a percentage of total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies; bacterial communities were investigated by targeted 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4 region) sequencing. The percentage of fungi was significantly higher in alpacas than in sheep under the LS diet, while the concentration of protozoa was significantly lower in alpacas under HS, MS and LS diets. The alpha diversity including Shannon, Chao l and ACE indices of bacterial communities was higher in alpacas than in sheep, under the LS diet. A total of 299 genera belonging to 22 phyla were observed in the forestomach of alpaca and sheep, with Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominating both animal species. Phyla Armatimonadetes and Fusobacteria, as well as 64 genera, were detected only in alpacas, whereas phyla Acidobacteria and Nitrospira, as well as 44 genera, were found only in sheep. The abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, including Butyrivibrio and Pseudobutyrivibrio, was higher in alpacas than in sheep under all three diets. These differences in the forestomach microbial communities partly explained why alpacas displayed a higher poor-quality roughage digestibility, and a lower methane production. Results also revealed that the adverse effects of high-concentrate diets (70%) were lesser in alpacas than in sheep. 相似文献
3.
莫能菌素浓度对混合瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9
本试验研究了莫能菌素对混合瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响 ,以期确定莫能菌素在瘤胃内容物中的适宜添加浓度。混合瘤胃微生物由饲喂花生秧基础日粮的阉公牛瘤胃内容物和瘤胃液制备 ,用简易人工瘤胃装置测定莫能菌素浓度对产气量、瘤胃乙丙酸比例、粗纤维降解率和真蛋白产量的影响。结果表明 ,莫能菌素浓度强烈地抑制产气量 ,两者呈线性负相关(P<0.05);粗纤维降解率开始时随莫能菌素浓度的升高而增加 ,在浓度为0.078mg/L时达到最大值 ,两者呈二次幂函数关系 ;添加莫能菌素降低了瘤胃乙丙酸比例 ,但瘤胃乙丙酸比例随莫能菌素浓度的提高有逐渐增加的趋势 ;在莫能菌素浓度为0.1~2.0mg/L的范围内 ,添加莫能菌素对蛋白质的产量没有明显影响 相似文献
4.
This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of ruminal dosing of a mechanical stimulating brush on rumination time, ruminal passage rate and rumen fermentation status in steers fed a concentrate diet at maintenance level. Animals were dosed three Rumen Faibu (RF) per head through the rumen fistulae (RF treatment) and not dosed (control) in a change‐over design. The organic cell wall content of the concentrate diet was 12.7% of dry matter. Daily time spent on rumination was very short in both treatments with 24 min in RF treatment and 15 min in control. The turnover rate of ruminal fluid in RF treatment was higher than that in control. There were no differences in ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid concentration between RF treatment and control. Acetic and butyric acid concentrations were not different between the treatments. Propionic acid concentration tended to be higher in the animals on RF treatment than in control animals. The RF dosing in Holstein steers fed a low fiber diet did not affect the rumination time, but increased rumen digesta passage rate and ruminal propionic acid production. 相似文献
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几种脲酶抑制剂对大豆脲酶和绵羊瘤胃微生物脲酶的抑制作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文研究了脲酶抑制剂乙酰氧肟酸 (AHA)、邻苯二酚、氢醌 (HQ)和硼砂对大豆脲酶和绵羊瘤胃微生物脲酶的抑制作用。结果表明 ,在浓度为 0 .0 0 0 1,0 .0 0 1,0 .0 1和 0 .1mmol/L时 ,4种脲酶抑制剂对大豆脲酶的抑制率分别为 :AHA为 6 % ,6 .2 % ,9.6 6 %和 2 9.79% ;HQ为 8.4 % ,13.0 3% ,19.79%和 4 4 .75 % ;邻苯二酚为 2 0 .34% ,19.12 % ,83.16 %和 93.78% ;而硼砂为 16 .5 5 % ,17.18% ,18.95 %和 35 .5 0 %。在相同浓度下 ,4种脲酶抑制剂对绵羊瘤胃微生物脲酶的抑制率分别为 :AHA为 9.5 8% ,14 .0 4 % ,4 1.30 %和 72 .73% ;HQ为 12 .2 1% ,39.99% ,6 4 .6 2 %和 78.87% ;邻苯二酚为 6 .0 7% ,9.36 % ,31.2 9%和 5 0 .4 4 % ;而硼砂分别为 4 .97% ,8.6 3% ,2 1.78%和 32 .0 2 %。 相似文献
9.
Effect of cyclodextrin diallyl maleate on methane production, ruminal fermentation and microbes in vitro and in vivo 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zeenat Ara LILA Nazimuddin MOHAMMED Noriko TATSUOKA Shuhei KANDA Yuzo KUROKAWA Hisao ITABASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(1):15-22
Effects of β‐cyclodextrin diallyl maleate (CD‐M) on methane production, ruminal fermentation and digestibility were studied both in vitro and in vivo. In in vitro study, diluted ruminal fluid (30 mL) was incubated anaerobically at 38°C for 6 and 24 h with or without CD‐M using hay plus concentrate (1.5:1) as a substrate. The CD‐M was added at different concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 g/L). The pH of the medium and numbers of protozoa were not affected by the addition of CD‐M. Total volatile fatty acids were increased and ammonia‐N was decreased, molar proportion of acetate was decreased and propionate was increased (P < 0.05) by CD‐M. Methane was inhibited (P < 0.05) by 14–76%. The effect of CD‐M on methane production and ruminal fermentation was further investigated in vivo using four Holstein steers in a cross‐over design. The steers were fed Sudangrass hay and concentrate mixture (1.5:1) with or without CD‐M (2% of feed dry matter) as a supplement. Ruminal proportion of acetate tended to decrease and that of propionate was increased (P < 0.05) 2 h after CD‐M dosing. Total viable counts, cellulolytic, sulfate reducing, acetogenic bacteria and protozoa were unaffected while methanogenic bacteria were decreased (P < 0.05) by CD‐M. The plasma concentration of glucose was increased, whereas that of urea‐N was decreased (P < 0.05). Methane was inhibited (P < 0.05) from 36.4 to 30.1 L/kg dry matter intake by the addition of CD‐M. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber were not affected while that of crude protein was increased (P < 0.05) in the medicated steers. These data suggested that dietary supplementation of CD‐M decreased methane production and improved nutrient use. 相似文献
10.
Nazimuddin MOHAMMED Zeenat Ara LILA Noriko TATSUOKA Koji HARA Katsuhiko MIKUNI Kozo HARA Shuhei KANDA Hisao ITABASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(2):131-137
The effects when adding cyclodextrin‐iodopropane complex (CD‐IP) to a diet, on ruminal fermentation and microbes, digestibility, blood metabolites and methane production, were evaluated using four Holstein steers in a cross‐over design. The steers were fed Sudangrass hay plus concentrate mixture at a ratio 1.5:1, and CD‐IP (1% of dry matter) was given twice daily by mixing with concentrate mixture. Rumen and blood samples were collected at 0, 2, and 5 h after morning dosing. Ruminal pH and numbers of protozoa were unaffected by CD‐IP treatment. Ruminal molar proportion of acetate was decreased (P < 0.05), and propionate was increased (P < 0.01) at 2 h after CD‐IP dosing. Proportion of butyrate was increased (P < 0.05) and ammonia‐N was decreased (P < 0.05) at 2 and 5 h after CD‐IP dosing. Adding CD‐IP had no effect on the feed intake and digestion of nutrients. Plasma glucose was increased and urea‐N was decreased (P < 0.05) at 2 and 5 h after CD‐IP dosing. Methane production was decreased (P < 0.05) by approximately 18% in the treatment steers. Numbers of methanogenic bacteria were decreased (P < 0.05), while total viable counts, cellulolytic, sulfate reducing and acetogenic bacteria were unaffected. The present results are the first to show that CD‐IP can partially inhibit in vivo ruminal methanogenesis without adverse effects on digestion of nutrients. 相似文献