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1.
Hibret A Toé F Mukasa-Mugerwa E Kassa T Markos T 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):219-227
Clinical examination, bodily condition score (BCS), heart girth (HG), body length (BL), wither height (WH), and scrotal circumference (SC) were assessed on 486 mature Ethiopian Menz rams, on small farms, in local markets, and at the main abattoir in Addis Ababa from December 1994 to April 1995. Almost 27% of the rams were found to be unfit for breeding. Poor general condition, mainly in the form of respiratory disorders, was seen in 1.2% of the rams. Balanoposthitis, epididymitis and orchitis were the most common pathological conditions, affecting the external reproductive organs in 14.6%, 4.5% and 4.1% of the rams, respectively. Testicular calcification, cysts and testicular haemorrhagic lesions were detected in 4, 6 and 8, respectively, of the 60 rams examined at necropsy. The BCS, HG, BL and WH averaged 2.1±0.5, 67.7±5.0 cm, 60.1±4.5 cm and 60.1±4.3 cm, respectively. The mean SC was 25.5±3.9 cm and did not vary significantly with age (p>0.05). Among the linear body measurements, the highest correlation was between BL and WH (r = 0.66). SC was found to be most closely correlated to HG (r = 0.46). More investigations into the relationship between the present findings and actual fertility, and on their practical application in the selection of rams for breeding is recommended. 相似文献
2.
C. de Fourmestraux O. Geffroy B. Siliart O. Albaric C. Tessier 《Equine Veterinary Education》2014,26(1):34-39
The surgical success of laparoscopic castration without orchidectomy results from avascular necrosis of the testes. However, failures and subsequent production of testosterone and stallion‐like behaviour have been previously identified. Laparoscopic castration without removal of the testes was performed in 32 horses with 2 normal descended scrotal testes between July 2006 and October 2012. The objectives of our study were to evaluate the success rate of laparoscopic castration without orchidectomy on descended testes in our population and assess complications and recovery time. Endocrine tests were performed after surgery and owners also asked to report on their horse's behaviour and ability to resume exercise. Castration was deemed successful if endocrine test results were in accordance with gelding values. Failed horses were castrated using a conventional technique and histology performed when possible. Basal testosterone levels decreased below 3 nmol/l after surgery in 30/32 cases. However, in 2 horses, stallion behaviour persisted and histological evaluation after inguinal castration showed residual viable tissue. Two horses maintained high testosterone levels after surgery associated with stallion‐like behaviour. Based on these results, 12.5% of horses (4/32 horses) failed to be considered a gelding based on either endocrine tests and/or histology. All horses, with one exception, were able to resume exercise less than a week after the procedure. Laparoscopic castration without orchidectomy appears to be a safe procedure. When assessing the success of laparoscopic castration, our total failure rate was 12.5% (4/32 horses) which is significantly higher than previously reported. 相似文献
3.
本文报道了１９８６￣１９９２年期间对４４１ｋＷ渔船使用的１顶度拖网网口高度的海上实测结果。结果表明：网口高度是网口拉直周长的５．５￣７．３％。两者的关系可用经验公式表示为：Ｈ＝０．２６０９Ｌ＾０．７３４４。 相似文献
4.
RK Waite CJ Dwyer DS Beggs PD Mansell MA Stevenson MF Pyman 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2019,67(3):109-116
Aims: To provide herd managers with a set of decision rules allowing them to predict the likelihood that a juvenile bull is ready for Bull Breeding Soundness Evaluation (BBSE), or breeding, if bodyweight and scrotal circumference are known.
Methods: This was a longitudinal study following two groups of young pasture-fed Holstein and Jersey bulls from northwest Tasmania, Australia. Individual scrotal circumference, bodyweight and semen characteristics were recorded at 6–8 weekly intervals, from 6–18 months of age. Classification and regression tree analyses were used to predict the probability that a bull had ≥70% normal sperm morphology based on scrotal circumference and bodyweight measurements.
Results: Overall 1,661 scrotal circumference and bodyweight measurements were obtained, and 518 semen samples from 356 bulls were assessed for sperm morphology, from 16 examination sessions that took place between 29 May 2015 and 17 August 2016. Classification and regression tree analyses generated a decision tree for Holstein bulls with four node endpoints, and for Jersey bulls with three node endpoints. Diagnostic test performance showed that for Holstein bulls, using the node endpoints of scrotal circumference ≥27?cm and bodyweight ≥349?kg, 98% had ≥70% normal sperm (positive likelihood ratio 10.4; 95% CI?=?2.7–41), and using the node endpoints of scrotal circumference ≥27?cm and bodyweight between 282–349?kg, 89% had ≥70% normal sperm (positive likelihood ratio 1.6; 95% CI?=?0.9–2.6). For Jersey bulls, using the node endpoints of bodyweight ≥259?kg and scrotal circumference ≥29?cm, 88% had ≥70% normal sperm (positive likelihood ratio 3.4; 95% CI?=?1.6–7.0).
Conclusions: This study provides a set of relatively simple decision rules based on bodyweight and scrotal circumference measurements that allows herd managers to assess the likelihood that juvenile bulls are ready for BBSE or breeding.
Abbreviations: BBSE: Bull breeding soundness evaluation; BRT: Boosted regression tree 相似文献
5.
【目的】通过基于单倍型的病例-对照全基因组关联分析(GWAS)鉴别白色杜洛克×二花脸F2资源家系中影响猪阴囊疝的易感位点及位置功能候选基因,并在远缘纯种猪阴囊疝三联体核心家系（Trio）群体中进行重复验证。【方法】利用Illumina porcine 60K SNP芯片对1 020头白色杜洛克×二花脸F2资源家系阴囊疝群体(包含19个阴囊疝患病个体)进行扫描获取基因型。通过Plink v1.07软件对基因型数据进行质量控制;剔除个体基因型检出率< 90%的个体,剔除SNP位点检出率< 90%、哈迪温伯格平衡卡方检验P≤10-3和最小等位基因频率< 0.05及性染色体上和无法定位的SNP位点。质控合格的SNP位点用PHASEBOOK构建出F2资源家系中每个个体的单倍型,并采用隐马尔可夫模型将其归类到数目预先定义的祖先单倍型中。使用基于广义线性混合模型的GLASCOW软件进行利用祖先单倍型的病例-对照全基因组关联分析。采用保守的Bonferroni校正方法得到基因组显著水平和染色体显著水平的阈值。对F2资源家系中达到染色体显著水平的易感SNP位点在包含237个患病个体的远缘纯种猪阴囊疝三联体核心家系(Trio)群体中进行同样的质控,并利用Haploview软件对质控合格的SNP位点分别展开基于单点和基于单倍型的传递不平衡分析(TDT),进行重复验证。【结果】白色杜洛克×二花脸F2资源家系中全部个体的38 033个SNP标记通过质控。在GWAS分析中,共发现108个达染色体显著水平(P<2.63×10-5)的猪阴囊疝关联SNP位点,分别位于染色体2、8和17上,最强相关的SNP位点位于17号染色体上。在远缘三联体核心家系群中,724个个体的96个SNP位点通过质控。对质控合格的SNP位点进行基于单点的TDT分析,结果发现5个显著相关的SNP位点得到重复验证(P<0.05),其中2号染色体上有1个SNP位点和17号染色体上有4个SNP位点,分别位于IQGAP2,CHMP4B,SERINC3,ZNF334 等4个基因内或其上下游。基于单倍型的TDT验证分析发现两个易感单倍型框,其中与基于单点TDT验证分析有重合的仅有SSC17上CHMP4B内及下游的两个易感位点。结合疝气发生机制及TDT分析结果,推测IQGAP2和CHMP4B可能是影响猪阴囊疝发生的两个重要的位置功能候选基因。【结论】本研究利用基于小样本的GWAS分析和较大样本群验证分析,在SSC2和SSC17上分别鉴别1个和4个阴囊疝易感位点,在SSC17上鉴别到两个易感单倍型。易感位点附近的2个基因IQGAP2和CHMP4B可能是影响猪阴囊疝发生的位置功能候选基因,值得进一步研究。 相似文献
6.
向莹 《金陵科技学院学报》2011,27(4):5-7
契比雪夫多项式的零点应用广泛,将复平面上契比雪夫及第二类契比雪夫多项式的零点垂直映射到单位圆周上,可以证明多项式z2n+1和zn-1的零点均在单位圆周上这一结论。 相似文献
7.
A. Al-Haidar N. Moula A. Leroux F. Farnir S. Deleuze C. Sandersen H. Amory 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2017,19(6):492-501
Introduction
The aim of this study was to establish echocardiographic reference values for the equine species using allometric regression equations based on body weight (BW) and thoracic circumference (TC).Animals
A total of 239 horses or ponies were studied, including 65 warmbloods, 33 Standardbreds, 41 Thoroughbreds, 32 Arabian horses, 28 draft horses, and 40 ponies aged from 1 day to 30 years, weighing from 18 to 890 kg, with no evidence of cardiac disease.Methods
For each horse or pony, a two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography was performed. Within each breed, the relationships between BW or TC and echocardiographic dimensions were examined using power regression equations. Predictions and their 95% prediction intervals were calculated for the echocardiographic measurements.Results
Within each breed, all echocardiographic measurements showed a significant and positive relationship with a high coefficient of determination for the estimation of the regression equations using BW and TC as the main explanatory variables. Breed-specific power regression equations as well as the 95% prediction intervals were calculated for each echocardiographic measurement as a function of BW and TC.Conclusions
In the future, the body size-corrected and breed-specific echocardiographic reference values calculated in the present study could be used to discriminate between normal and abnormal values in a given animal. 相似文献8.
Iara Del Pilar Solar Diaz Gregório Miguel Ferreira de Camargo Valdecy Aparecida Rocha da Cruz Isis da Costa Hermisdorff Caio Victor Damasceno Carvalho Lucia Galvão de Albuquerque Raphael Bermal Costa 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(11):1650-1654
Although the second largest chromosome of the genome, the X chromosome is usually excluded from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Considering the presence and importance of genes on this chromosome that are involved in reproduction, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of its inclusion in GWAS on reproductive traits (scrotal circumference [SC], early pregnancy [P16] and age at first calving [AFC]) in a Nelore herd. Genotype data from 3,263 animals with the above-mentioned phenotypes were used. The results showed an increase in the variances explained by the autosomal markers for all traits when the X chromosome was not included. For SC, there was an increase of more than 10% for the windows on chromosomes 2 and 6. For P16, the effect was increased by almost 20% for windows on chromosome 5. The same pattern was found for AFC, with an increase of more than 10% for the most important windows. The results indicate that the noninclusion of the X chromosome can overestimate the effects of autosomes on SC, P16 and AFC not only because of the additive effect of the X chromosome itself but also because of its epistatic effect on autosomal genes. 相似文献
9.
Effect of local scrotal heating on the expression of tight junction‐associated molecule Occludin in boar testes 
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下载免费PDF全文 The aim of this study was to determine whether local scrotal heating (42°C, for 1 hr) had an effect on the expression of tight junction (TJ)‐associated molecule Occludin in boar testes. Adult boars (Landrace, n = 6) were used and randomly divided into two groups (n = 3 each). Three boars were given local scrotal exposure to 42°C for approximately 1 h with a home‐made electric blanket of controlled temperature as local scrotal heating group, the other three boars received no heat treatment and were left at standard room temperature as control group. After 6 hr, all boars were castrated and the testes were harvested. qRT‐PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to explore the expression and localization of Occludin. qRT‐PCR and Western blotting showed that the protein and mRNA levels of Occludin significantly decreased in local scrotal heating group as compared to the control. Furthermore, immunoreactivity staining of Occludin was localized at the sites of the blood–testis barrier (BTB) and formed an almost consecutive and strong immunoreactivity strand in the control, while Occludin was limited to Sertoli cells (SCs) and no obvious immunoreactivity strand was present in local scrotal heating group. These data indicated that local scrotal heating decreased the expression of TJ‐associated molecule Occludin, which may be involved in heat‐induced spermatogenesis damage. 相似文献
10.
Castration of rabbits can be achieved with several surgical techniques. The choice of the technique currently depends on surgeon preference since objective comparison between techniques is lacking. The aim of the current study was to compare the scrotal and prescrotal approaches in pet rabbits. The surgery and anesthesia duration, the postoperative appetite and feces production, and the postoperative complications were compared. Thirteen rabbits were randomly assigned to the scrotal or prescrotal castration groups. Appetite, fecal output, surgical incisions, and scrotums were evaluated at 8 hourse, 24 hours, 32 hours, and 7 days after surgery. Scrotal edema at 8, 24, and 32 hours and anesthesia duration were significantly higher in the scrotal group compared to the prescrotal group (P = 0.008, P = 0.013, P = 0.021, and P = 0.034, respectively). A nonsignificant tendency toward a higher rate of licking and mutilation behaviors was observed in the scrotal group 24 hours postsurgery. No other complications were observed in either group. All rabbits quickly recovered a normal appetite and fecal output, and all surgical incisions healed without issue. Although the prescrotal technique was associated with less complications, both techniques were considered safe options for rabbits in this study. 相似文献