Shading effects on spatial growth and biomass partitioning of Cynodon dactylon     

A C Guglielmini  & E H Satorre 《Weed Research》2002,42(2):123-134

Cynodon dactylon is a low-growing C4 weed that is highly sensitive to shading. This species shows severe biomass reductions and highly plastic morphological changes in response to resource availability. The objective of this study was to analyse the effect of shading on the spatial and biomass growth of C. dactylon . Two experiments were carried out exploring different environmental conditions. Six treatments were applied on C. dactylon patches. Daylight and 18%, 41%, 48%, 69% and 85% shading of daylight photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) were imposed in Expt 1 and 0%, 22%, 44%, 50%, 74% and 87% shading of daylight PAR in Expt 2. Patches were slightly elliptical in shape and grew 3.2 and 1.5 cm d⁻¹ with 0% shading, on average, during the whole studied periods in Expts 1 and 2 respectively. Biomass was significantly reduced from 41% shading onwards in Expt 1 and from 50% shading in Expt 2. However, patch extension rate was only significantly reduced from 85% and 74% shading in Expts 1 and 2 respectively. Biomass partitioning was modified by shading in both experiments. A functional analysis of C. dactylon patches showed that the patch extension rate diminished linearly when patch biomass growth rate was lower than 1.66 g d⁻¹; above this value, the extension rate remained constant.  相似文献   

Restoration of tuber production by exposure to unshaded daylight in Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi shaded during the early tuber formation period     

TATSUYA INAMURA 《Weed Biology and Management》2003,3(1):1-7

The loss of final tuber weight of Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi by shading during the early tuber formation period (TFP) is overcome by exposure to unshaded daylight thereafter (late TFP). In the present study, the growth parameters that contribute to the dry matter increase (DMI) per day of tubers in the late TFP were examined. DMI of the tuber during the late TFP was determined by that of the whole plant and the ratio of the DMI of the tuber to that of the whole plant during this period. The ratio of the DMI of the tuber to that of the whole plant during the late TFP was significantly correlated with the DMI of the whole plant during the first 14 days of the late TFP. During the late TFP after the exposure to unshaded daylight, DMI of the whole plant correlated with the surface area of the stem (SAS) and net assimilation ratio (NAR), and the SAS correlated with the stem dry weight (DW) and specific stem-surface area (SSA). SSA negatively influenced NAR, but NAR was increased by unshading. During the late TFP after shading, the effect of the decrease of the stem DW due to shading on the DMI of the whole plant was mitigated by the large SAS and high NAR. These results indicate that the growth parameters that contribute to the DMI of tuber during the late TFP after exposure to unshaded daylight are SAS and NAR just after unshading, and SSA during this period.  相似文献   

The effect of non-inversion tillage and light availability on dispersal and spatial growth of Cynodon dactylon     

A C Guglielmini  & E H Satorre 《Weed Research》2004,44(5):366-374

The invasive ability of Cynodon dactylon is dependent on self dispersal and on cultivation practices. Tillage can seriously change patch biomass and spatial structure, spreading vegetative propagules of the weed. The objectives of this study were: (i) to quantify the effect on non‐inversion tillage on dispersal, establishment and colonization of C. dactylon and (ii) to propose a simple model considering soil cultivation effects and light availability on spatial growth of weed patches. Two experiments were carried out, exploring different soils and environmental conditions. Spatial distribution of vegetative units differed when tillage was conducted with different non‐inversion implements and could be described by simple functions. A minimum patch biomass seems necessary before vegetative structures are vulnerable to movement by cultivation. Only a small proportion of the biomass dispersed from original patches was able to establish. However, simulation showed that the area colonized by C. dactylon mostly increased by means of tillage dispersal, both with and without crop competition, in one growing cycle. It appears sensible to consider changing cultivation practices to reduce weed dispersal and to use crop competition for light to create unsuitable habitats limiting weed colonization.  相似文献   

遮光对彩色棉的色泽及纤维品质的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

潘兆娥  杜雄明  孙君灵  周忠丽  庞保印 《棉花学报》2006,18(5):264-268

通过对棕色棉和绿色棉不同发育时期棉铃的遮光处理,研究了遮光对彩色棉的纤维色泽和纤维品质的影响。结果表明,棕色棉和绿色棉在-5~55 DPA(开花后的天数)遮光后,其纤维还表现各自的纤维色泽,但其纤维色泽鲜艳度和稳定性在不同遮光时期有一定程度的差别。棕色棉在25DPA以前遮光的纤维颜色比对照变淡;绿色棉在不同生育期遮光后颜色比对照深。遮光对彩色棉和白色棉纤维品质的若干指标有一定的影响,在5~15DPA遮光的纤维都比不遮光的对照粗,在30DPA遮光的纤维长度和强度都较好,35DPA以后遮光的纤维长度和强度随遮光时间的延长越来越差,在45~50DPA套袋遮光后的纤维长度、强度和整齐度都比不遮光的要低得多。  相似文献   

连栋塑料温室喷雾降温及外遮荫降温试验研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

程绍明  楼华粱  崔绍荣 《农机化研究》2004,(2):169-171

为解决夏季温室高温、高湿问题,在温室喷雾水膜降温的基础上,直接在内遮荫幕上做喷雾降温试验,并与外遮荫降温系统进行比较。试验结果表明:单独采用内遮荫幕系统可使室内气温比外界低1℃左右;采用在内遮荫幕上喷雾降温,室内气温比室外可低2°～3℃;采用外遮荫降温系统可使室内温度比室外低3°～4℃。  相似文献   

抽穗后遮荫对龙粳31产量及籽粒灌浆的影响     

马瑞  黄成亮 《黑龙江农业科学》2017,(2)

对水稻龙粳31抽穗后进行遮光处理,研究遮荫处理与未遮荫处理(CK)在产量及其构成、功能叶片的SPAD值和灌浆特性等方面的差异。结果表明:龙粳31抽穗后进行遮荫,主要影响千粒重和结实率两个产量因素,产量降低达到极显著水平;胁迫功能叶片SPAD值升高;遮光处理的强、弱势粒籽粒最大灌浆速率GR_(max)和平均灌浆速率GR_(mean)均低于对照。  相似文献   

Effects of Shading on Chlorophyll Content,Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Photosynthesis of Subterranean Clover     

R. P. Mauro  A. Occhipinti  A. M. G. Longo  G. Mauromicale 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2011,197(1):57-66

A field‐experiment (2004/2005 and 2005/2006 seasons) was conducted in the coastal plain of south‐eastern Sicily (37°03′N, 15°18′E, 15 m a.s.l.), on a Calcixerollic Xerochrepts soil, aimed at quantifying the effect of shading on chlorophyll (Chl) content, Chl fluorescence, photosynthesis and growth of subterranean clover. Four levels of photosynthetically active radiation reduction (from 0 % to 90 %) were tested on Trifolium brachycalycinum cv. ‘Clare’ and Trifolium subterraneum ecotype ‘Ragalna’. In both species shading progressively increased F_v/F_m, internal CO₂ concentration, diffusive leaf resistance and specific leaf area (up to 8 %, 34 %, 18 % and 68 %, respectively), and decreased Chl content, T_max, photosynthetic rate and plant dry weight (up to 9 %, 24 %, 79 % and 39 %, respectively). As plants aged, characteristic bell‐shaped trends were evident for photosynthetic parameters, with F_v/F_m increasing up until the onset of flowering, and thereafter declining. This implies that F_v/F_m may be a useful indicator of earliness in subterranean clover genotypes. The aboveground dry biomass response to shading was both genotype‐ and season‐dependent, but was predictable from the measurement of relative leaf Chl content. Moreover, our results suggest that an improvement in the interaction between host‐rhizobium may represent a major potential breeding target for enhancing subterranean clover tolerance to shading.  相似文献   

光照对长白梅木生长发育的影响     

董艳辉  刘秀岩 《人参研究》2009,21(3):40-42

研究不同遮光度对栽培长白椽木生长发育的影响。结果表明，适度遮光可促进长白槐木的生长，提高植株高度，但对茎粗促进作用不明显。适度遮光更有利于植株干物质的积累，但是重度遮光不利于长白橡木种子的成熟。不同遮光处理延迟了长白橡木的开花期和结果期，尤其是80％遮光处理，到了秋季枯萎期种子不能成熟。田间观察30％、50％遮光处理并没有影响种子的成熟，因此，只有重度遮光不利于长白橡木种子成熟。  相似文献   

夏季遮荫改善大田牡丹叶片光合功能的研究   总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24  

郑国生  何秀丽 《林业科学》2006,42(4):27-32

利用气体交换和叶绿素荧光分析技术,研究大田牡丹叶片在自然光照和夏季遮荫处理下光合作用日变化.结果表明:自然光下夏季牡丹叶片的净光合速率(Pn)明显低于春季,2个生长季节Pn日变化差异明显,即春季的Pn日变化呈"单峰型"曲线,夏季的Pn日变化为"双峰型"曲线,有明显的光合"午休";羧化效率(CE)变化趋势与Pn相似;表观量子效率(AQY)中午降低,下午逐渐回升;光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)最大光化学效率Fv/Fm和最大荧光Fm日变化为倒"单峰型"曲线,中午明显降低;与夏季自然光下相比,夏季遮荫处理(遮光50%)的牡丹叶片Pn、AQY、CE升高;气孔限制值(Ls)和叶温(t1)降低;Fv/Fm和Fm中午下降幅度显著减小.这些结果说明:夏季晴天中午高温、强光下,牡丹叶片PSⅡ反应中心发生了可逆失活,PSⅡ功能下调,光合作用的光抑制明显发生,遮荫可减轻光抑制,改善光合功能以增加光合产物积累.  相似文献   

11 种城市木本植物叶片生理物质对遮荫的响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘波  张庆费  夏檑 《浙江林业科技》2007,27(6):15-18

通过遮光率45%、75%和全光照3种光生境的植物栽培试验,测定了11种城市木本植物叶片叶绿素、花青素、可溶性糖、淀粉和蛋白质的变化,分析了遮荫对不同木本植物生理物质变化的影响,结果表明,遮荫能增加多数植物的叶绿素含量,明显降低花青素含量,特别是色叶植物,从而影响色叶植物的叶色效果,遮荫可减少色叶植物可溶性糖的含量,而增加非色叶植物可溶性糖含量,但对不同类型植物可溶性糖含量的影响幅度不一;遮荫能减少大多数植物的淀粉含量,但使部分色叶植物的淀粉含量增加,而不同遮荫程度对植物叶片淀粉含量的影响没有明显的规律性;光生境变化对植物叶片蛋白质影响缺乏明显的规律性,影响幅度也不一。  相似文献