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This paper empirically discusses the mechanism of China Neutral Technology by Embodied Spillovers from North America, and the effect on China economic growth. The simulations show that the effects of technology spillovers on both the innovating and the receiving economies depend on SS and AC. The three sectors spillovers of North America can improve China's Hicks-neutral technological progress, but only the third industry can increase the output of same industry of China, and decrease the output of other two industries. Based on the simulations, some advices are given on China trade policy. 相似文献
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对泥浆漏失的原因,进行具体分析,并提出了泥浆漏失处理方案;对岩层的漏失地段,采用不同泥浆性能,使钻探工艺更加合理。 相似文献
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Serge MORAND Frédéric BORDES Hsuan‐Wien CHEN Julien CLAUDE Jean‐François COSSON Maxime GALAN Gábor Á CZIRJÁK Alex D GREENWOOD Alice LATINNE Johan MICHAUX Alexis RIBAS 《Integrative zoology》2015,10(5):409-423
We summarize the current knowledge on parasitism‐related invasion processes of the globally invasive Rattus lineages, originating from Asia, and how these invasions have impacted the local epidemiology of rodent‐borne diseases. Parasites play an important role in the invasion processes and successes of their hosts through multiple biological mechanisms such as “parasite release,” “immunocompetence advantage,” “biotic resistance” and “novel weapon.” Parasites may also greatly increase the impact of invasions by spillover of parasites and other pathogens, introduced with invasive hosts, into new hosts, potentially leading to novel emerging diseases. Another potential impact is the ability of the invader to amplify local parasites by spillback. In both cases, local fauna and humans may be exposed to new health risks, which may decrease biodiversity and potentially cause increases in human morbidity and mortality. Here we review the current knowledge on these processes and propose some research priorities. 相似文献
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- 1. The movement of organisms and dispersal of propagules is fundamental to the maintenance of populations over time. However, the existence of barriers, created through the spatial configuration of habitats, may significantly affect dispersal patterns and thus influence community dynamics and resource sustainability.
- 2. Within marine environments unstructured or open habitats may form partial or complete ecological barriers due to elevated risk of predation or physical stresses associated with them. The existence and effects of such barriers may be of particular importance when considering the establishment of marine protected areas with a fisheries enhancement focus.
- 3. In this paper, the spillover of post‐settlement queen conch (Strombus gigas) from a protected area in the Turks and Caicos Islands is investigated. It is hypothesized that the reserve boundaries overlap with a series of shallow, sand habitats that effectively enclose the protected population, reducing the spillover of conch into the adjacent fished areas.
- 4. To test this, density gradient maps for juvenile and adult conch populations were constructed using underwater visual survey data at 68 sites within and surrounding the protected area. These maps illustrate very low densities coinciding with poor, shallow sand habitats along the two marine boundaries of the reserve where spillover is expected to take place.
- 5. These sand habitats are thought to create ecological barriers to a slow, sedentary gastropod largely due to their shallowness (physical stresses of solar exposure or anoxia) and lack of food reducing the tendency of individuals to move across these areas, despite the 10‐times higher density of adult queen conch observed in the protected area compared with outside.
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Pathogen spread or ‘spillover’ can occur when heavily infected, domestic hosts interact with closely-related wildlife populations. Commercially-produced bumble bees used in greenhouse pollination often have higher levels of various pathogens than wild bumble bees. These pathogens may spread to wild bees when commercial bees escape from greenhouses and interact with their wild counterparts at nearby flowers. We examined the prevalence of four pathogens in wild bumble bee populations at locations near and distant to commercial greenhouses in southern Ontario, Canada. Bumble bees collected near commercial greenhouses were more frequently infected by those pathogens capable of being transmitted at flowers (Crithidia bombi and Nosema bombi) than bees collected at sites away from greenhouses. We argue that the spillover of pathogens from commercial to wild bees is the most likely cause of this pattern and we discuss the implications of such spillover for bumble bee conservation. 相似文献
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基于2008-2017年中国28个省域面板数据，运用空间计量模型分析我国休闲农业发展的空间溢出效应及影响因素。研究结果显示：我国休闲农业发展水平具有显著且稳定的空间相关性，地区间呈现显著负向溢出效应；收入水平、农村生态环境质量、交通通达度在不同权重矩阵不同空间计量模型下均与休闲农业发展呈正相关关系；旅游禀赋中旅游接待能力在经济矩阵和SDM模型中呈现负向溢出效应。各地应正视休闲农业区域间的空间关联性，针对性制定发展策略，为乡村振兴注入新活力。 相似文献
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选取产业技术效率作为外溢获利的衡量指标,以技术效率作为因变量构建随机前沿模型,以农业生产性服务业发展水平、区域距离、政策配套环境及农业价值整合力等要素作为引入因子交叉项,检验农业生产性服务业在上述各类因素方面对农业技术外溢获取能力影响与实现渠道。结果表明,农业生产性服务业与农业技术外溢获利能力提升呈正相关,但后者能力提升与地理差距因素呈负相关,并受制于政策环境因素,二者存在显著利润差,需进一步从人力资本要素投入及政策配套和准入条件上予以优化。 相似文献
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引用政府补偿政策干预对企业与农户合作模式进行重复博弈分析。针对政府干预下的企业与农户行为特征,借用知识溢出模型得出相应的效用函数,并通过均衡分析,得出政府促进企业与农户合作的策略:第一,达成合作的策略需要保障贴现因子在特定的区间内波动;第二,对于政府补偿政策而言,需要增强农户与企业沼气能源使用率,减小博弈双方知识储备差异的,通过政府资金支持和技术支持增强沼气能源技术的追赶能力,同时合理的规划养殖企业和农户之间地理位置的距离等方式保证合作进行。 相似文献
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高校服务乡村振兴的知识溢出实现路径与政策建议 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
乡村振兴战略亟需农村人才、科学技术、社会服务等方面的深化改革,其中人才是知识的载体,"知识"是农村建设和发展的核心要素;高校作为知识的生产者和创新者,服务于农村建设和发展是时代赋予的光荣使命。基于三螺旋理论和乡村振兴战略背景,从知识溢出视角出发,以江苏省农村经济组织和基层政府为研究对象,分析高校在服务乡村振兴战略过程中的知识溢出,探讨知识溢出的主体、动机、过程和实现路径。结果表明,高校服务乡村振兴的知识溢出是动态循环的过程,包含了显性知识和隐性知识两种方式,知识的需求与匹配程度决定了三螺旋演化路径;高校服务乡村振兴的知识溢出绩效受知识源因素、农村行政组织和农村经济组织的吸收能力以及高校与农村之间溢出途径等相关因素的影响。研究表明,加强面向乡村振兴的高校人力资本流动、助力乡村振兴的官产学合作、促进高校与农村组织的知识交流和人才共享等三条路径可以保障高校服务乡村振兴的知识溢出效率,优化当前政策机制。因此,建议在知识源层面,注重提高知识的供需匹配度;在知识接收方层面,努力培养高素质的新型职业农民;在溢出环境方面,构建合作平台与制度环境。 相似文献