Erwinia amylovora populations resistant to oxolinic acid in Israel: prevalence, persistence and fitness     

F. Kleitman  D. Shtienberg  D. Blachinsky  D. Oppenheim  M. Zilberstaine  O. Dror  S. Manulis 《Plant pathology》2005,54(2):108-115

Oxolinic acid (OA) has been the only bactericide used against fire blight in pear and quince orchards in Israel since 1998. OA-resistant Erwinia amylovora strains (Ea-OA^R) were detected in several orchards in two restricted areas in the northern Galilee region during 1999–2001. In the following years, resistant strains could not be detected in some of these locations. Documenting the fate of Ea-OA^R strains in commercial orchards at eight sites in northern Israel during 2000/03 revealed that the resistant population appeared irrespective of the number of sprays applied and the severity of the disease. The persistence of the Ea-OA^R populations varied from site to site, ranging from 4 to 20 months; these differences could be attributed to the fire blight management activities of growers. Comparative studies on the fitness of Ea-OA^R and E. amylovora strains sensitive to OA (Ea-OA^S) were conducted in vitro and in planta using two strains of each group. In four of the six comparisons, disease incidence on detached blossoms inoculated with Ea-OA^S was significantly higher than that on blossoms inoculated with Ea-OA^R. In two experiments conducted on 8-year-old pear trees grown under netting, the colonization of Ea-OA^S in blossoms, annual shoots and perennial spurs was significantly higher than that of the Ea-OA^R. In two experiments conducted on 2-year-old trees grown under netting in an experimental station, the incidence of shoots exhibiting fire blight symptoms and the rate of symptom progress within the branches were significantly higher in trees inoculated with Ea-OA^S than in those inoculated with Ea-OA^R. The results of this study suggest that OA-resistant E. amylovora strains have lower fitness than wild-type strains. These findings may have implications for fire blight management.  相似文献   

硫酸链霉素细菌内毒素定量测定法的研究     

冯淑霞  李金钟 《中国兽药杂志》2006,40(3):6-8

应用鲎试剂动态浊度法，将硫酸链霉素制备成4、2、1、0．5mg／mL溶液，定量添加标准内毒素进行干扰预试验，计算回收率，确定不干扰浓度为0．5—2mg／mL。从中选出1mg／mL为最佳浓度，然后进行3个批次硫酸链霉素正式干扰试验。在供试品中定量添加标准内毒素，其回收率分别为125．8％、126．1％、127．3％，均在50％-200％之间，说明此浓度的供试品对鲎试剂反应无干扰作用。因此，内毒素含量在0．015—1EU／mL范围内，将硫酸链霉素制备成浓度为1．0mg／mL的溶液，可用于细菌内毒素的定量检测。  相似文献   

抗链霉素单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立及其免疫学特性鉴定     

范国英  王建华  钟华  杨艳艳  邓润广  张改平 《核农学报》2007,21(5):506-509

用EDC一步法和戊二醛法将SM偶联于载体蛋白牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和OVA,合成免疫原BSA-SM和包被原OVA-SM。用紫外线扫描、SDS-PAGE进行鉴定;用BSA-SM免疫BALB/C小鼠,用杂交瘤技术建立分泌SM mAb的细胞株3F9-C4;对SM mAb的效价、亲和性、敏感性和特异性等免疫学特性进行鉴定。结果表明,BSA-SM人工抗原分子结合比为1∶25;筛选出3F9-C4敏感特异的杂交瘤细胞1株,间接ELISA测定细胞培养上清,效价为1∶3.2×102,同种型为IgG2a/κ;腹水的亲和常数(Ka)为8.4×1011L/mol;IC50为8.99μg/L,与双氢链霉素交叉反应为109.6%,与其他SM结构相似物和功能近似物无交叉反应性。本试验获得了抗SM高价、敏感、特异的mAb,可用于SM的残留检测。  相似文献   

17种杀菌剂对桃细菌性穿孔病的抑菌作用     

赵宝明  沈国清  王世平   《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》2011,29(4):17-29

采用抑茵圈法测定17种杀菌剂对桃细菌性穿孔病菌的毒力,结果表明：链霉素和春雷霉素的毒力最高,其EC50分别为27．5193g／L和17．2010g／L;链霉素和春雷霉素对桃细菌性穿孔病菌的联合毒力测定,两药以6：1混配,具有增效作用;抑菌谱试验发现该混剂对6种病原茵也有很好的抑制作用。  相似文献   

三种生防芽孢杆菌对5种烟田常用化合物的敏感性     

汪汉成  刘圣明  王进  黄艳飞  王茂胜  陆宁  李文红 《农药学学报》2014,16(2):225-229

芽孢杆菌是植物病害生物防治中重要的生防细菌。采用浊度测定法研究了生防细菌——枯草芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌及多粘芽孢杆菌对烤烟专用复合肥[m(N)∶m(P2O5)∶m(K2O)=10∶10∶25]、生石灰、甲霜灵、代森锰锌及硫酸链霉素5种烟草生产上常用化学品的敏感性。结果表明:甲霜灵对3种芽孢杆菌的生长无影响,而烤烟专用复合肥和生石灰对3种生防细菌均有一定的促生长作用;而代森锰锌和硫酸链霉素能显著抑制枯草芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌和多粘芽孢杆菌的生长,其EC50值分别为14.15、11.88、11.30μg/mL和5.20、5.69和2.64μg/mL。  相似文献   

注射用硫酸链霉素细菌内毒素检查法的探讨     

蒋惠岚 《中国兽药杂志》2010,44(6):51-53

按照《中国兽药典》二○○五年版一部[1]中注射用硫酸链霉素细菌内毒素检查法对样品复核检验,试验表明该方法是可行的;并与《美国药典》进行了比较,结果说明《中国兽药典》注射用硫酸链霉素细菌内毒素检查法对细菌内毒素的限值表达比《美国药典》29版[2]更合理、更科学。  相似文献   

水稻白叶枯病菌室内链霉素抗性菌株的诱导及其抗性分子机制和风险评价     

徐颖  祝晓芬  周明国 《农药学学报》2013,15(1):43-51

通过紫外光照射诱导获得了6株水稻白叶枯病菌Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae抗链霉素突变体。测得链霉素对水稻白叶枯病菌敏感菌株ZJ173及其抗性突变体的最低抑制浓度(MIC)分别为0.10和600 μg/mL;对敏感菌株的有效抑制中浓度(EC50)为0.03 μg/mL,对抗性菌株的平均EC50值为11.64 μg/mL,平均抗性倍数为388。通过PCR扩增了敏感菌株ZJ173及5株抗性菌株的rpsL基因(编码S12核糖体蛋白)和rrs基因(编码16S rRNA),并检测了strA基因是否存在。序列分析表明,5株被测抗性菌株的rpsL基因均发生了突变,其中4株在氨基酸43位、1株在88位,均由赖氨酸突变为精氨酸,而rrs基因未发生突变,strA基因未被检测到。表明实验室诱导获得的水稻白叶枯病菌抗性菌株对链霉素的抗药性是由rpsL基因突变引起的。抗性风险研究表明,抗性突变体的抗药性在无药剂压力下可稳定保持,其致病性、生长速率与敏感菌株相比无明显差异,竞争性低于或略低于敏感菌株,抗性自发突变率较高,且抗性突变为单一位点突变,病害循环为多循环,因此由rpsL基因突变引起的水稻白叶枯病菌对链霉素的抗性风险较高。  相似文献   

Conversion of forest to agricultural land affects the relative contribution of bacteria and fungi to nitrification in humid subtropical soils     

Jing Wang  Qian Liu  Zucong Cai 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(1):83-88

Land-use and management practices can affect soil nitrification. However, nitrifying microorganisms responsible for specific nitrification process under different land-use soils remains unknown. Thus, we investigated the relative contribution of bacteria and fungi to specific soil nitrification in different land-use soils (coniferous forest, upland fields planted with corn and rice paddy) in humid subtropical region in China. ¹⁵N dilution technique in combination with selective biomass inhibitors and C₂H₂ inhibition method were used to estimate the relative contribution of bacteria and fungi to heterotrophic nitrification and autotrophic nitrification in the different land-use soils in humid subtropical region. The results showed that autotrophic nitrification was the predominant nitrification process in the two agricultural soils (upland and paddy), while the nitrate production was mainly from heterotrophic nitrification in the acid forest soil. In the upland soils, streptomycin reduced autotrophic nitrification by 94%, whereas cycloheximide had no effect on autotrophic nitrification, indicating that autotrophic nitrification was mainly driven by bacteria. However, the opposite was true in another agricultural soil (paddy), indicating that fungi contributed to the oxidation of NH₄⁺ to NO₃^?. In the acid forest soil, cycloheximide, but not streptomycin, inhibited heterotrophic nitrification, demonstrating that fungi controlled the heterotrophic nitrification. The conversion of forest to agricultural soils resulted in a shift from fungi-dominated heterotrophic nitrification to bacteria- or fungi-dominated autotrophic nitrification. Our results suggest that land-use and management practices, such as the application of N fertilizer and lime, the long-term waterflooding during rice growth, straw return after harvest, and cultivation could markedly influence the relative contribution of bacteria and fungi to specific soil nitrification processes.  相似文献   

链霉素酶联免疫检测试剂盒的稳定性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王永明  黄耀凌  王鹤佳  金银珍  刘智宏 《中国兽药杂志》2007,41(7):23-24,31

通过对自制链霉素酶联免疫检测试剂盒和关键试剂的加速试验以及2～8℃保存6个月试验，考察试剂盒的稳定性。试验表明，加速试验后，试剂盒的标准曲线图形良好，呈双S曲线；2～8℃保存试验后，0浓度点OD值较高，100μg／L添加牛奶样品回收率在60％以上。结果说明，链霉素酶联免疫检测试剂盒可以保存6个月。  相似文献   

链霉素对几种卵菌的抑制作用   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

刘爱媛 《植物保护学报》2001,28(3):254-258

用生长速率法测定，链霉素（Streptomycin）对荔枝霜疫霉菌（Peronophythora litchii）和辣椒疫霉菌（Phytophthora capsici）菌丝生长有强烈的抑制作用。在药剂含量为200－600单位／ml的PDA培养基上接种7d后菌丝生长的相对抑制率分别为87．5％－92．2％、78．2％－82．2％。用孢子萌发法测定，链霉素对荔枝霜疫霉菌和白菜霜霉菌（Peronospora parasitica）孢子囊有推迟萌发时间、降低萌发率的作用。200－600单位／ml链霉素液处理孢子囊24h萌发的相对抑制率分别为48．6％－60．8％、5．3％－10．6％，芽管的长度随药液浓度增加而缩短。200－400单位／ml链霉素防治采后荔枝霜疫病、辣椒疫病，防治效果分别为95．8％－97．1％、89．6％－91．7％。200－400单位／ml链霉素防治盆栽辣椒疫病、小白菜霜霉病，防治效果分别为82．4％－87．7％、61．8％－68．1％。  相似文献