MAGNETIC RESONANCE, ULTRASOUND AND HISTOPATHOLOGIC CORRELATION OF ACUTE AND HEALING EQUINE TENDON INJURIES     

Jeffrey R.  Crass  MD  Ronald L.  Genovese  VMD  James A.  Render  DVM  Errol M.  Bellon  MD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1992,33(4):206-216

Ultrasonography and MRI have become valuable tools for imaging of tendon injuries. The current study examines the histopathologic basis for the imaging abnormalities. Five injured equine forelimbs and two normal contralateral limbs were studied with high resolution real time ultrasound and MRI. Histologic sections were made and correlated with the diagnostic images. All lesions were readily seen by both modalities. Lesions characterized by hemorrhage, edma, and cellular infiltration were sonolucent on ultrasound and bright on MRI images. MRI returned to normal as fibrogenesis ensued. Ultrasound images remained abnormal until fibrillar reallgnment occured with completion of the healing process. High resolution real time ultrasound and MRI both accurately reflect the tissue abnormalities in acute tendon injuries. The injured horse does appear to be an effective model for correlative imaging studies of tendon injuries.  相似文献   

Diagnosis and outcome following tenoscopic surgery of the digital flexor tendon sheath in German sports and pleasure horses     

Andrea N. Cender  Kathrin Mählmann  Anna Ehrle  Roswita Merle  Laura Pieper  Christoph J. Lischer 《Equine veterinary journal》2023,55(1):48-58

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MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FINDINGS IN THE EQUINE DEEP DIGITAL FLEXOR TENDON AND DISTAL SESAMOID BONE IN ADVANCED NAVICULAR DISEASE—AN EX VIVO STUDY     

Valeria Busoni  Marianne Heimann  Jacques Trenteseaux  Frédéric Snaps  Robert F. Dondelinger 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2005,46(4):279-286

We describe the abnormal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) and distal sesamoid bone in horses with radiographic changes compatible with navicular syndrome. Thirteen postmortem specimens were examined using a 1.5-T magnetic field, with spin echo (SE) T1-weighted, turbo SE (TSE) proton density-weighted (with and without fat saturation), and fat saturation TSE T2-weighted sequences. The limbs were then dissected to compare the MR findings with the gross assessment and histologic examination of the DDFT and distal sesamoid bones. Tendonous abnormalities were detected by MR imaging in 12 DDFTs and confirmed at necropsy. Most tendon lesions were located at the level of the distal sesamoid bone and the proximal recess of the podotrochlear bursa. Tendon lesions were classified based on their MR imaging features as core lesions, dorsal lesions, dorsal abrasions, and parasagittal splits. Areas of increased MR signal in the DDFTs were characterized by tendon fiber disturbance and lack of continuity of the collagen fibers, foci of edema, hemorrhages, and formation of lakes containing eosinophilic plasma-like material or amphophilic material of low density. Bone marrow signal alterations in the distal sesamoid bone were seen in all digits. Two main phenomena were responsible for the abnormal signal, respectively, in T1-weighted (decreased signal) and in T2-weighted fat-suppressed images (increased signal): a decrease in the fat marrow content in the trabecular spaces and an increase in the fluid content. Histologic examination revealed foci of bone marrow edema, hemorrhage, necrosis, and fibrosis. Cyst formation and trabecular abnormalities (disorganization, thinning, remodelling) were also observed in areas of abnormal signal intensity. Increased bone density because of trabecular thickening induced a decrease in signal in all sequences.  相似文献   

Superficial digital flexor tendonitis in Thoroughbred race horses: outcome following non-surgical treatment and superior check desmotomy     

KT GIBSON  HM BURBIDGE  DU PFEIFFER 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(9):631-635

Objective This study documents the results of non-surgical treatment and treatment by superior check desmotomy in Thoroughbred racehorses with superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendonitis. Design A prospective study was made of 124 thoroughbred racehorses with unilateral or bilateral SDF tendonitis. Procedure The flexor tendons were assessed by physical and ultrasonographic examination before treatment, and the lesions detected in affected tendons were characterised according to lesion type, length and cross-sectional area. Ninety three horses were managed non-surgically and 31 by superior check desmotomy. Recurrent or new injuries were defined as injuries affecting a previously injured superficial digital flexor tendon, the contralateral SDF tendon, or the suspensory ligament (interosseous muscle) in either forelimb. Results No statistically significant difference was found in ultrasonographic lesion severity between treatment groups. Horses managed by superior check desmotomy were 1.3 times more likely to complete five or more races than horses managed non-surgically (95% confidence limits 0.93–1.82). Horses treated surgically were 1.2 times more likely to develop recurrent or new injuries after returning to training than horses managed non-surgically (95% CL 0.95–1.55). Horses under-going superior check desmotomy were 5.5 times more likely to develop suspensory desmitis than horses treated non-surgically (95% CL 1.13–26.4). There was no difference in the time to recurrent or new injury between treatment groups. Conclusion There was no statistically significant difference between treatment groups in the proportions of horses able to complete five or more races after an episode of superficial digital flexor tendonitis. Superior check desmotomy did not appear to offer an advantage over non-surgical treatment in preventing recurrent or new injuries in Thoroughbred racehorses. Horses undergoing superior check desmotomy appeared to be at greater risk of developing suspensery ligament injuries than horses managed non-surgically.  相似文献   

Longitudinal tendon healing assessed with multi-modality advanced imaging and tissue analysis     

Sherry A. Johnson  Alejandro Valdés-Martínez  Philip J. Turk  Cyril Wayne McIlwraith  Myra F. Barrett  Kirk C. McGilvray  David D. Frisbie 《Equine veterinary journal》2022,54(4):766-781

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Ultrasonographic examination of the tuber calcanei area: Technique and normal ultrasonographic images     

A.-L. Emond  V. Coudry  M. Seignour  J.-M. Denoix 《Equine Veterinary Education》2022,34(4):192-199

Ultrasonographic examination is an essential diagnostic tool that complements radiographic examination in the diagnostic work-up of injury to the tuber calcanei area. Using a plantar approach, the superficial digital flexor tendon, gastrocnemius tendon, the bone surfaces of the two lobes of the tuber calcanei and the gastrocnemius bursa and the calcaneal bursa of the superficial digital flexor tendon (if distended) can be accurately assessed. Using a collateral approach, the tenocalcaneal ligaments of the superficial digital flexor tendon and the branches of the calcaneal tendon of the caudal femoral muscles can be imaged. This paper describes the normal anatomy of the tuber calcanei area and presents the complete ultrasonographic procedure and normal ultrasonographic images of this region.  相似文献   

Cytologic findings from a benign giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath in a dog     

M. Wesley Campbell  Jey W. Koehler  Richard C. Weiss  Pete W. Christopherson 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2014,43(2):270-275

A 6‐year‐old male neutered Australian Shepherd dog was presented for evaluation of a subcutaneous mass on the plantar aspect of the proximal left metatarsus. Fine‐needle aspirate smears contained numerous plump spindle cells and large multinucleated cells amongst a considerable amount of pink extracellular matrix. Histopathologic diagnosis of the tissue obtained during initial biopsy and eventual surgical cytoreduction of the mass was a benign giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath (GCTTS). Immunohistochemically, the synovioblastic neoplastic cells were diffusely strongly positive for vimentin and S‐100, were multifocally moderately positive for cytokeratin AE1/3, and were negative for CD18, muscle‐specific actin (MSA), and melanoma‐associated antigen (mutated) 1 (MUM‐1). The dog recovered from surgery and underwent definitive radiation therapy to treat the local residual disease. Eight months later, the mass had not recurred. The diagnosis of GCTTS in this case supports previously published reports describing GCTTS as a relevant disease entity in dogs, and provides the first documentation of cytologic findings with this tumor. Further investigation is needed to correlate pathologic features with clinical behavior and response to therapy in dogs.  相似文献   

Regulation of Tenomodulin Expression Via Wnt/β-catenin Signaling in Equine Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells     

Shihori MIYABARA  Yohei YUDA  Yoshinori KASASHIMA  Atsutoshi KUWANO  Katsuhiko ARAI 《Journal of Equine Science》2014,25(1):7-13

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In Vivo Measurements of Flexor Tendon and Suspensory Ligament Forces During Trotting Using the Thoroughbred Forelimb Model     

Toshiyuki TAKAHASHI  Kazutaka MUKAI  Hajime OHMURA  Hiroko AIDA  Atsushi HIRAGA 《Journal of Equine Science》2014,25(1):15-22

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Treatment of rupture of suspensory ligament and superficial flexor tendon in a bull     

DR NELSON  SK KNELLER  DD MARTIN 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(4):244-246

Rupture of the suspensory ligament at the insertions on the proximal sesamoid bones, and of the superficial flexor tendon of the left fore limb, occurred in an adult Angus bull as a result of fighting. There was severe hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint with the dewclaws almost touching the ground. Radiographs revealed severe hyper-extension of the MCP joint with the sesamoid bones aligned directly distal to the metacarpus. Initially, a full length fiberglass cast was applied with the limb partially flexed within the cast and the heels elevated. The cast was replaced twice. The cast was removed after 136 days and the bull was bearing full weight on the limb. Prolonged immobilisation of the limb produced new bone in the area (a normal response in cattle) to cause ankylosis of the traumatized MCP joint and partial ankylosis of the carpus. The bull was being used for pasture breeding one year after the injury.  相似文献