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Divya M. P. Shridhar Girish B. Mahajan Vijayendra P. Kamat Chandrakant G. Naik Rajashri R. Parab Nidhi R. Thakur Prabhu D. Mishra 《Marine drugs》2009,7(3):464-471
2-(2′,4′-Dibromophenoxy)-4,6-dibromophenol isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea granulosa (Bergquist) collected off the coast of Lakshadweep islands, Indian Ocean, exhibited potent and broad spectrum in-vitro antibacterial activity, especially against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE), vancomycin sensitive Enterococci (VSE) and Bacillus spp. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated against 57 clinical and standard strains of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The observed MIC range was 0.117–2.5 μg/mL against all the Gram positive bacteria and 0.5–2 μg/mL against Gram negative bacteria. The in-vitro antibacterial activity observed was better than that of the standard antibiotic linezolid, a marketed anti-MRSA drug. The results establish 2-(2′,4′-dibromophenoxy)-4,6-dibromophenol, as a potential lead molecule for anti-MRSA and anti-VRE drug development. 相似文献
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One hundred and 26 faecal samples from healthy dogs (2009) and 157 faecal samples from healthy humans (2007) from La Rioja region (Spain) were tested to know the carriage of vancomycin‐resistant enterococci (VRE). VRE with intrinsic resistance (vanC) were found in 12% of healthy dogs and humans (29 Enterococcus gallinarum and four Enterococcus casseliflavus). Nevertheless, VRE with acquired mechanism of resistance were not detected among these samples. Four Enterococcus faecalis isolates with vancomycin MIC of 8‐16 mg L?1 were recovered in human samples, but no single organism with known mechanism of acquired resistance could be identified. These 37 VRE isolates (33 E. gallinarum/E. casseliflavus and four E. faecalis) of dog and human origin were further characterized (PCR detection of antibiotic resistance, virulence and bacteriocin genes). High prevalence of tetracycline resistance was identified (70%), especially among dog isolates harbouring tet(M) ± tet(L) genes; erythromycin resistance was also higher among isolates from dogs and they harboured the erm(B) gene, associated with erm(A) gene in one case. Virulence genes were only identified among E. faecalis isolates of human origin (agg, cpd and/or gelE) and never among E. gallinarum/E. casseliflavus of human or dog origin. Five E. gallinarum isolates of dog and three E. faecalis of human origin expressed bacteriocin activity; among them, only one E. faecalis presented activity against Listeria monocytogenes. The bacteriocin structural gene ef1097 was identified in 3 bacteriocin‐producing E. faecalis isolates, associated with ent1071 in one of them. 相似文献
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M. J. N. Gordoncillo S. Donabedian P. C. Bartlett M. Perri M. Zervos R. Kirkwood C. Febvay 《Zoonoses and public health》2013,60(5):319-326
In 2008, we identified vancomycin‐resistant enterococci (VRE) in Michigan swine, which was the first report of VRE in livestock from North America. Continued sampling in 2009 and 2010 was conducted to determine whether VRE persisted in Michigan. In 2009, swine faecal and feed samples (n = 56), county fair pig barn manure samples (n = 9) and pooled Michigan State Fair pig barn manure samples (n = 18) were screened for VRE. In 2010, swine faecal samples were collected from 26 county fairs (n = 73) and nine commercial swine farms in six states (n = 28). Recovered VRE isolates were molecularly evaluated by polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism, pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), S1 nuclease digestion and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Six VRE isolates were identified in 2009 from the State Fair, and another six (8.2%) were recovered from the five county fairs in 2010. All 12 isolates were highly related to the first‐reported VRE from Michigan swine: all were confirmed to be vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREf) carrying vanA gene on Tn1546 (Type D), were negative for IS1251, hyl and esp gene, carried a 150–160 kb megaplasmid, and have closely similar PFGE patterns with >80% similarity. Classified as ST5, ST6 or ST185 by MLST, all belong to the clonal complex 5, a strain recognized to be circulating among European pigs. This study reveals that VREf are widespread in Michigan swine and persist in the historical absence of the use of agricultural glycopeptides. 相似文献
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Arman Pazuki Jafar Asghari Mohammad Mehdi Sohani Fatemeh Aflaki 《Journal of plant nutrition》2015,38(8):1231-1240
A factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replicates was conducted to evaluate effects of sixteen different mixtures of organic nitrogen sources and antibiotics which were supplemented to an Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 4 mg L?1 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 0.4 mg L?1 benzyl-aminopurine (BAP), 30 g L?1 sucrose, 8 g L?1 Agar-agar on fresh weight and dry weight (assessed after three days of drying at 70°C) of calli and in vitro callogenesis from scutellum of four indigenous Iranian Indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, including ‘Hashemi’, ‘Gerdeh’, ‘Hasani’, and ‘Gharib’. It was found that proline at 2.8 g L?1 is the most effective source of organic nitrogen in enhancing growth, whereas asparagine at 0.75 g L?1 inhibited the calli growth. Hygromycin at 50 mg L?1, with slight differences between the cultivars, could effectively stunt the growth of untransformed calli. Mixture of cefotaxime (250 mg L?1) and vancomycin (250 mg L?1) did not have any significant effects on calli growth, although this treatment was slightly phytotoxic. 相似文献
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研究了从发酵液中纯化万古霉素的工艺.联合应用阳离子交换树脂法和大孔树脂吸附色谱法,通过比较各备选树脂的载样量、洗脱回收率、纯化倍数,优选树脂型号,确定了万古霉素纯化工艺:发酵液上PK206树脂柱,用0.1 mol/L的NH4OH溶液洗脱,收集第4,5部分(0.5 BV/部分)上CM650树脂柱,用0.3 mol/L的NH4Cl溶液洗脱,收集第6-10部分(0.5 BV/部分).收集液经纳滤脱盐、浓缩,最后产品的纯度达93.44%,总回收率为64.73%. 相似文献
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Yunyu Tang Xiaoyi Lou Guangxin Yang Yinfeng Xi Xuan Zhang Hongli Ye Changling Fang Dongmei Huang 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(1):268-276
The pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of vancomycin in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) were studied after oral administration of a single dosage of 1 mg/kg body weight at water temperature of 18°C. The drug concentration‐time data were fitted using a two‐compartment open model with first‐order absorption. The vancomycin concentrations in plasma and tissues including muscle, liver and kidney were analyzed by means of liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. As a result, the plasma absorption rate constant of vancomycin was 3.75/hr and the time point of maximum concentration in plasma was 3.0 hr respectively. The maximum concentration of vancomycin in plasma was 216.58 μg/L. The distribution half‐life and the elimination half‐life in plasma were 6.69 hr and 190 hr, as well as the absorption half‐life of plasma was 0.19/hr. The area under the plasma concentration‐time curve of plasma was 15.12 mg hr/L. The apparent volume of distribution of plasma was estimated to be 4.45 L/kg and the total body clearance was computed as 0.061 L hr?1 kg?1. In addition, the maximum tissue concentrations of vancomycin were in the order of liver > kidney > muscle. To guarantee the safety of tissue samples for consumption, it was suggested that the withdrawal time should not be less than 30 days at 18°C. All these results may provide guidance for future vancomycin treatment in aquaculture. 相似文献
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试验旨在建立饲料中万古霉素的超高效液相色谱—串联质谱检测方法,以0.05 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液—乙腈(85:15,V/V)提取样品中的万古霉素,提取液经过强阳离子交换固相萃取柱净化,采用液相色谱—串联质谱多反应监测模式进行测定,外标法定量。不同饲料基质中,万古霉素在25~1000 ng/mL浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系。本方法对万古霉素在饲料中的检测限为0.05 mg/kg,定量限为0.1 mg/kg。在不同饲料中添加浓度范围为0.1~100 mg/kg,其平均回收率为86.7%~117.1%,批内变异系数在1.0%~17.4%之间,批间变异系数在2.9%~10.1%之间。本方法分析速度快、灵敏度高、重现性好,各项技术指标均满足国内外相关法规要求,可用于饲料中万古霉素含量的测定。 相似文献
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Rubio-Martínez L López-Sanromán J Cruz AM Santos M San Román F 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2005,34(6):618-624
OBJECTIVE: To study the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in plasma obtained from the medullary sinusoids of the proximal phalanx (P1) after intravenous (IV) and intraosseous (IO) regional limb perfusion (RLP). STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. ANIMALS: Twelve horses. METHODS: IV and IO RLP were performed in 2 groups (n = 6) of horses. Vancomycin hydrochloride (300 mg in 60 mL 0.9% NaCl) was randomly infused in 1 front limb, with the contralateral limb as control (60 mL 0.9% NaCl). A hole was drilled in the lateral cortex of P1, and blood samples from the medullary sinusoids of P1 were collected before infusion, and 15, 30, 45, 65, and 90 minutes after beginning infusion. Samples were centrifuged and plasma vancomycin concentrations determined. Vancomycin concentrations were compared over time and between routes using a 2-way repeated measures ANOVA. Pharmacokinetic variables were compared with a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Significance was set at P<.05. RESULTS: No vancomycin-induced clinical side effects such as lameness or swelling were observed. Both techniques, IV and IO, produced high vancomycin concentrations in the sinusoidal plasma of the P1, which remained above the minimum inhibitory concentration value for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) during the 90 minutes study. Concentrations and pharmacokinetic variables were not significantly different comparing both routes. CONCLUSIONS: IV and IO routes produced similar antimicrobial perfusion of the medullary cavity of P1. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Either IV or IO routes for perfusion are likely to be equally selected when planning RLP with vancomycin. 相似文献