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Xiao‐Qing Dong Gui‐Juan Qu Yu‐Ke Chen Gui‐Qin Wang Dan Jiang 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(7):1752-1761
A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of different levels (0, 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) of antimicrobial peptides on growth, protease activity of foregut, the morphology of foregut villi and related genes mRNA expression level in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The results showed that the feed of antimicrobial peptides promote common carp growth, and the optimal dosage of antimicrobial peptides is 200–333 mg/kg in the common carp feed. The protease activity of 200 and 400 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than the control and other groups (p < 0.05). The foregut villus height with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide groups were significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05). The crypt depth of 200 and 400 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide groups were significantly lower than control group (p < 0.05). The ratio of villus height and crypt depth of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide groups were significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05). The ratio with 600 mg/kg group was significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05). The IGF‐I gene expression level of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than the control group and 600 mg/kg group (p < 0.05). The IL‐1β gene expression level of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). These results indicated up‐regulation of growth and immune related genes in antimicrobial peptides fed common carp. Correlation analysis showed that IGF‐I mRNA and IL‐1β mRNA were positively correlated with SGR. IL‐1β mRNA and FCR were significantly negative correlated. It indicated that growth and immune gene common regulated the growth of the carp under antimicrobial peptides intervention. In conclusion, antimicrobial peptides can improve growth and related genes mRNA expression in the common carp. Further studies using molecular biological technique or immunologic methods are required to conclude that antimicrobial peptides are beneficial in common carp. 相似文献
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H.W. Brooks G.A. Hall A.J. Wagstaff A.R. Michell 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》1998,155(3):263-274
This paper examines the possibility that treatment of diarrhoea with conventional oral rehydration solutions (ORSs) may be detrimental to villus structure by imposing nutrient deprivation and that such detrimental effects may be reduced or avoided by using a nutrient ORS. A conventional WHO-type ORS (W) was compared with two nutrient solutions (N and G) both containing high glucose concentrations and the latter containing glutamine; their effects on enteric structure were assessed by morphometric analysis of samples obtained from diarrhoeic calves after 96h treatment. Comparisons were also made with samples from controls and diarrhoeic calves at the stage where oral rehydration would have begun in the treated groups. As in our previous ORS studies, diarrhoea was induced with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (09:K30:K99). We measured villus length and width, crypt depth and width and calculated villus surface area in proximal, mid and distal small intestine (PSI, MSI, DSI), using standard morphometric techniques. Proximal and distal spiral colon samples (PC, DC) were examined for crypt depth and width; mitoses per crypt were counted in samples from all regions. Non-diarrhoeic calves showed the expected gradient of villus length through PSI, MSI and DSI, hence data for each region are normalized as a percentage of the control value for that region. PSI showed the greatest loss of villus length and surface area (50%) with diarrhoea. In MSI and DSI the villus loss was greater with solution W and N or G, as were increased mitoses and crypt depth. Crypt depth and mitoses also increased in the colon with solution W. Colonic crypt width increased with diarrhoea and conventional oral rehydration but less so with G; there is reason to believe that such changes have functional significance. Crypt changes in colon, MSI and DSI were least with solution G. The changes developing in diarrhoeic calves prior to treatment were thus less apparent in those treated with a nutritional ORS, particularly if it contained glutamine. 相似文献
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为研究12~18w临武鸭的赖氨酸需要量,试验随机选取健康、体重接近的84日龄雌性临武鸭210羽,分为5个处理(赖氨酸水平分别为0.55%、0.65%、0.75%、0.85%、0.95%),每处理设6个重复,每重复7只鸭,试验全期为42d。结果显示:(1)12~18周龄雌性临武鸭增重较慢,且各组试鸭间平均日采食量和日增重差异均不显著(P0.05),但0.75%赖氨酸组有增加平均增重的趋势;(2)试验各组间试鸭的十二指肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度差异均不显著(P0.05),但有增加绒毛高度的趋势。试验结果表明,以生长性能和肠道结构为评价指标,本试验条件下12~18w龄雌性临武鸭日粮赖氨酸水平以0.75%为适宜。 相似文献
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将1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡240羽,随机分成4个处理,每组6个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在饲粮中分别添加5%,10%,15%的发酵豆粕,试验共进行42d。试验结果:通过组织切片可看出,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的十二指肠绒毛长度和试验Ⅱ组的回肠绒毛长度与对照组比较差异显著(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组十二指肠隐窝深度和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组空肠隐窝深度与对照组比较差异显著(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组十二指肠和试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组回肠肠壁厚度与对照组比较差异显著;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的十二指肠,试验Ⅱ组的空肠,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的回肠绒毛长度/隐窝深度(V/C)与对照组比较差异均显著(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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T Landsverk 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1979,20(4):572-582
Gastrointestinal segments from 4 healthy, 17-, 21-, 22- and 23-day-old calves fed on whole cow’s milk were examined. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the anterior duodenum had short villi varying in shape from leaf-shaped to nodular; the middle duodenum had broad, tongue-shaped villi and the anterior, middle, and parts of the posterior jejunum had slender, finger-shaped or leaf-shaped villi. The villi of the mucosa covering Peyer’s patches in the posterior jejunum were short and either conical or tongue-shaped; there were also small “pseudovilli” caused by bulges in the lymphoid tissue. Morphometry showed that the villi were longer in the anterior jejunum than in the duodenum and the posterior parts of the jejunum (P < 0.005). Morphologically fat absorption was most heavy in the anterior third of the small intestine. Moderate amounts of fat were also found in the epithelium of the posterior jejunum and of the abomasum. Large fat droplets were seen in apical duodenal enterocytes, in contrast to the small epithelial droplets in other areas with fat absorption. Nile blue staining indicated that the fat in the large droplets was esterified. 相似文献
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试验旨在探究日粮中添加巨菌草(Pennisetum giganteum)对七彩山鸡(Phasianus colchicus)生长性能、免疫器官以及肠绒毛形态的影响。试验选取1周龄健康的七彩山鸡(母)210只,随机分为1个对照组(0%组)和4个饲料处理组,每组3个平行。4个饲料处理组配制时,分别添加4%、8%、12%、16%的巨菌草添加剂于基础饲料中。结果表明,与0%组相比,12%组七彩山鸡的平均体重和平均日采食量显著增加(P<0.05);4%、8%、12%组平均日增重显著大于16%组(P<0.05);8%组料重比显著降低(P<0.05);饲料处理组免疫器官指数中肝脏、脾脏指数均在0%组的基础上有所增加,但差异不显著(P>0.05);8%的巨菌草添加剂可显著增加七彩山鸡肠道的绒毛长度(P<0.05),隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),扩大肠道黏膜吸收面积。说明日粮中添加巨菌草可以提高七彩山鸡肠道对营养的吸收能力,一定程度上改善七彩山鸡生长性能和免疫性能。 相似文献
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复方穿心莲对AA+肉鸡肠黏膜结构的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究复方穿心莲对AA+肉鸡肠道黏膜结构的影响。将1日龄240只AA+肉仔鸡随机分为A、B、C、D 4组,试验组添加不同浓度的复方穿心莲,饲喂至42日龄,取7、35和42日龄肉鸡肠道组织,制成切片测量其绒毛长度、隐窝深度、肠壁厚度。结果表明,与空白组相比,A、B组肉鸡7、35和42日龄肠绒毛长度显著增加（P＜0.05）;隐窝深度显著降低（P＜0.05）;C组肉鸡35日龄肠壁厚度显著（P＜0.05）高于其它组。复方穿心莲能明显增加AA+肉鸡绒毛长度,降低隐窝深度和肠壁厚度。 相似文献
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Effects of dietary butyrate supplementation on intestinal integrity of heat‐stressed cockerels 
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下载免费PDF全文 A. M. Abdelqader M. Abuajamieh H. M. Hammad A.‐R. A. Al‐Fataftah 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2017,101(6):1115-1121
Butyrate modulates intestinal epithelial cell structure and function. Three hundred and sixty Lohmann LSL‐Classic layer cockerels were used to investigate the effect of butyrate on heat stress‐induced intestinal injury and intestinal integrity. The experiment was conducted from day 85 to 105 of age. The birds were divided randomly into three treatments: control, heat stress (HS), and heat stress provided with butyrate (HSB) at a level of 0.35 g/kg of diet. The control was reared at 21 ± 1 °C throughout the experiment. The HS and HSB treatments were exposed to a cyclic HS (35 ± 1 °C from 09:00 to 13:00 and 21 ± 1 °C from 13:00 to 09:00). Intestinal and mucosal weights, villus height, villus surface area (VSA), absorptive epithelial cell area and intestinal beneficial bacteria were lower in the HS treatment than in the other two treatments (p < 0.05). Heat‐stressed cockerels exhibited the highest (p < 0.05) villi injury scores and serum endotoxin levels compared with the other treatments. Dietary inclusion of butyrate increased (p < 0.05) intestinal and mucosal weights, villus height, VSA, absorptive epithelial cell area and intestinal beneficial bacteria counts and reduced (p < 0.05) HS‐induced injury in intestinal epithelia as well as intestinal permeability to endotoxin. In conclusion, dietary butyrate exerted protective effects against intestinal damage induced by HS and improved intestinal health and integrity. 相似文献
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Probiotics intake from proximal or distal gastrointestinal tract: The investigation on intestinal morphology and performance of Japanese quail 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 K. Seifi M. A. Karimi‐Torshizi H. Deldar 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(1):e509-e512
The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of early single‐dose probiotics administered from proximal or distal gastrointestinal tract on quails’ performance and small intestinal morphology. A total of 120 Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) 1‐d‐old chicks were divided into the following experimental groups before being transferred to the raising room: (i) control (no probiotic administered); (ii) oral group (received probiotics via oesophageal gavage); and (iii) vent lip group (received probiotics directly into vent). Four replicates of 10 chicks per cage were considered for each treatment and birds were raised up to 35 days in the same conditions with ad libitum access to feed and water. A commercial probiotics (Protexin, Somerset, UK) used in this study contained 2 × 109 cfu/g of nine different micro‐organisms. On day 35, all birds were weighed and then three birds in every pen were killed via cervical dislocation. Two cm of mid‐point of duodenum and ileum were cut for histomorphology assays. Both probiotics‐treated groups had higher body weight and body weight gain than control (p < .01). Ileum was longer in probiotics‐treated groups than in the control (p < .01). Orally treated birds had the highest duodenum villus height and crypt depth (p < .01). In the cloacally treated quails, ileum villus length was higher than the both other groups, and crypts’ depth was deeper than the control (p < .01). The numbers of both types of goblet cells (acidic mucin producer and neutral mucin producer) were higher in the birds receiving probiotics than control birds (p < .01). Although there were no statistical differences in performance values between the different ways of probiotics entrance into gut, some intestinal histomorphometric parameters were improved in ileum of the birds receiving probiotics through distal gut that is cloaca (p < .01). 相似文献