Selection of soybean elite cultivars based on phenotypic and genomic characters related to lodging tolerance          下载免费PDF全文

Zhangxiong Liu  Huihui Li  Xuhong Fan  Wen Huang  Jiyu Yang  Yuhong Zheng  Zixiang Wen  Yinghui Li  Dechun Wang  Shuming Wang  Lijuan Qiu 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(4):526-538

Soybean lodging can result in serious yield reduction. Detecting the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with lodging tolerance for their further application in marker‐assisted selection (MAS) has the potential to enhance soybean breeding efficiency. In this study, a genome‐wide association analysis (GWAS) was performed to identify soybean accessions that could potentially be used to produce lodging‐tolerant varieties, based on the comprehensive evaluation of lodging scores (LS) obtained for the parental cultivar “Tokachi nagaha” and its 137 derived cultivars. Results showed that genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction significantly influenced LS. Of the 31 significant SNPs identified, 22 were consistently detected in two or more environments and 27 SNPs were located in or close to agronomically important QTL mapped by linkage analysis. Best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) of LS tend to decrease with the elite alleles contained by accessions increasing. Some excellent accessions, with lower BLUPs and D_i (stability coefficients) values and more elite alleles, were selected. This study contributed to understand the genetic mechanism of lodging, providing genetic and phenotypic information for MAS.  相似文献   

Assessing hygiene proficiency on organic and conventional pig farms regarding pork safety: A pilot study in Finland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K.-M. Siekkinen  L. Nuotio  J. Ranta  R. Laukkanen  S. Hellstrm  H. Korkeala  R. Maijala 《Livestock Science》2006,104(1-2):193-202

A key element in the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) will be a single farm payment system that is linked to compliance with rules on, for instance hygiene standards. However, there are no recommended methods for assessing the hygiene proficiency of pig production farms. The present study was undertaken to develop a method for this purpose. A first implementation was done on pilot scale; with a set of both conventional and organic pig farms (N = 15). Fifty hygiene-related factors were selected, especially with reference to the possible proliferation of enteric pathogens Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. The factors were allocated into 8 evaluation categories: (1) general production management, (2) animal density, (3) the outdoor area for pigs, (4) pest and pet animals, (5) general hygiene in the piggery, (6) pen hygiene, (7) feed production hygiene, and (8) feeding hygiene. A farm questionnaire and a supplementary on-site observation form were devised, and one arbitrary scale of hygiene points assigned for each factor. In addition to the mailed questionnaires, one person subsequently visited all the farms, perused the questionnaire with the owners and completed the observation form. The hygiene scores of the farms in each evaluation category were compared both without weighting and with weighting based on expert opinions. The method proved to be feasible and applicable to different types of production.  相似文献   

A quantitative screening method to detect rater-introduced bias in clinical ratings     

Mogens A Krogh  Carsten Enevoldsen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2012,54(1):53

Background

We suggest a ‘screening test’ to examine large data files with clinical ratings for the occurrence of rater-introduced bias prior to using the data for quantitative analyses. The test is based on a statistical model in which a well-standardized interval-scale outcome (for example, milk yield) is related to clinical ratings (for example, body condition scores) obtained from multiple contexts (for example, dairy herds).

Findings

84,968 calvings from 279 herds, with subsequent body condition scores performed by 117 veterinarians within the first 21 days postpartum were analyzed with a multilevel random coefficient regression model. The model included an independent variable, where body condition score was centered within veterinarian. This is a so-called comparison effect to describe possible rater-introduced bias in the body condition scores. A highly significant comparison effect was found for second and older parities, indicating occurrence of possible rater-introduced bias in this large multi-herd data file.

Conclusions

A within-group centering technique (the comparison effect) appeared to be useful for discriminating between biased and unbiased clinical scores. In some cases, this test for bias should prevent further analysis of the data and divert the focus of study to the calibration of raters or alternative study designs.  相似文献   

Comparison of bupivacaine femoral and sciatic nerve block versus bupivacaine and morphine epidural for stifle surgery in dogs     

Campoy L  Martin-Flores M  Ludders JW  Erb HN  Gleed RD 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2012,39(1):91-98

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of combined femoral and sciatic nerve blocks as an alternative to epidural anesthesia and analgesia in dogs undergoing stifle surgery under general anesthesia.Study designProspective, blinded, randomized, clinical comparison.AnimalsTwenty dogs weighing 37 ± 11 (mean ± SD) kg, aged 3 (1–8) [median (minimum–maximum)] years undergoing elective unilateral tibial-plateau leveling osteotomy.MethodsDogs were assigned randomly to receive either epidural anesthesia (bupivacaine 0.5%, 0.5 mg kg^?1 + morphine 0.1%, 0.1 mg kg^?1, in 0.2 mL kg^?1; EPID) or femoral and sciatic nerve blocks (Bupivacaine 0.5%, 0.1 mL kg^?1, was administered at each site; F + S) guided by electrolocation. All patients received a standard general anesthesia technique. Pain and sedation were scored (on scales of 0–10 and 0–3, respectively) pre-operatively, at extubation, and at 1, 4 and then every 4 hours thereafter up to 24 hours. Postoperatively, hydromorphone was administered to any patient with a pain score of >5 or whenever the blinded caregiver determined that more hydromorphone was necessary. Intraoperative heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), end tidal isoflurane (FE′ISO), body temperature, post-operative pain scores, time to first hydromorphone dose after surgery, time to first feeding, time to first drinking, time to first urination, time to first ambulation (walk on a lead) and cumulative dose of hydromorphone were recorded.ResultsIntra-operatively, FE′ISO and MAP were significantly lower in the EPID group (p = 0.05 and p = 0.04, respectively). Postoperatively, the cumulative hydromorphone consumption (p = 0.04) and the incidence of urinary retention (p = 0.03) were higher in the EPID group.Conclusion and clinical relevance F + S is a practical alternative to EPID that produces less urine retention and reduces opioid consumption in the 24 hours after surgery. EPID might be associated with a lower isoflurane requirement and lower systemic blood pressure.  相似文献   

过渡期护理模式对重度颅脑损伤患者干预效果观察          下载免费PDF全文

印正  陈萍  周依琳 《勤云标准版测试》2019,39(11):1403-1406

目的 分析应用过渡期护理模式对重度颅脑损伤患者经ICU转入普通病房的效果,确保临床护理的精准性和延续性,以促进患者加快康复。方法 随机从我院2017年4月到2019年4月期间ICU的重度颅脑损伤患者中选取120名,分为实验组和对照组,对照组患者以常规性的护理干预模式,实验组则予以过渡期护理干预模式。观察两组患者发生不良事件的概率,SAS评分、重返ICU概率。结果 实验组患者发生不良事件的概率（3.33%）、SAS评分为（50.36±7.17）分、重返ICU概率（1.67%）均低于对照组,P<0.05;结论 过渡期护理干预模式对重度颅脑损伤患者有较为积极的作用,可减少不良事件的发生,减缓患者的焦虑情绪,促进患者康复。  相似文献   

Correlations between acute radiation scores and pain scores in canine radiation patients with cancer of the forelimb     

Carsten RE  Hellyer PW  Bachand AM  LaRue SM 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2008,35(4):355-362

Objective To determine whether there is a correlation between skin acute radiation score (ARS) and pain scores and to determine if skin ARSs can be used to predict future pain scores and increased need for analgesia in dogs undergoing radiation therapy for cancer of the forelimb. Study design Prospective observational study. Animals Seven middle‐aged dogs of various breeds with cancer of the forelimb. Methods Each neoplasm was surgically removed and a histologic diagnosis was obtained. Curative intent radiation therapy was initiated 2½–4½ weeks after surgery. Curative intent radiation therapy was delivered as prescribed. Two trained observers scored the dogs using a visual analog pain scale (VAS), Glasgow composite measure of pain scale, short form (GCMPS) and skin ARS prior to each day’s therapy. Daily scores were averaged and scatter plots were developed. Generalized estimating equation regressions were used to calculate standard error, 95% confidence interval, and p‐values for each relationship. Confidence and prediction bands were plotted. Results A statistically significant correlation between skin ARS and VAS and GCMPS pain scores was identified indicating that as the skin ARS increased so did the pain scores. A general correlation between VAS and GCMPS scores was observed. Early (fraction days 1–6) GCMPS scores were significantly influenced by anxiety behavior unrelated to pain. Skin ARS was found to predict precisely current and future presence of pain, but could only predict a range of potential future pain scores based on the pain management approach in use during this study. Conclusions Skin ARS can provide valuable information for initiating preemptive analgesia and intensifying pain management during curative intent radiation therapy. Daily pain scoring with an acceptable pain scale should be used in conjunction with the skin ARS to improve patient pain management. Clinical relevance Pain is an anticipated consequence of curative intent radiation therapy. Understanding the correlation between pain and skin ARS may facilitate more effective pain management.  相似文献   

不同垦复时间毛竹林土壤性质变化特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘广路  范少辉  漆良华  杜满义  肖复明 《江西农业大学学报》2011,33(1)

应用典型样地调查及实验室分析相结合的方法,以江西省安福县不同垦复时间的毛竹林为研究对象,对未垦复、垦复3年、垦复10年的毛竹林土壤理化性质特征进行研究,并应用土壤综合指数(IFI)法对不同垦复时间毛竹林土壤综合肥力进行了评价。结果表明:垦复可以改善毛竹林地土壤物理性质,尤其是表土层土壤的物理性质。垦复极显著的降低了0～20 cm土壤容重,提高了土壤非毛管孔隙度。垦复降低了土壤的活性酸度,可以减缓土壤养分元素的流失;提高了有机质、全氮、全磷、有效氮、速效磷的含量,增加了土壤养分供给能力,为毛竹林的立地生产力维持提供了重要保障。不同垦复时间毛竹林土壤肥力综合评价指数的排列大小顺序为垦复10年0.463 5、垦复5年0.418 4、未垦复毛竹林地土壤0.354 8,垦复对土壤具有明显的改良效果。  相似文献   

The relationship of various muscular and skeletal scores and ultrasound measurements in the live animal,and carcass classification scores with carcass composition and value of bulls     

S.B. Conroy  M.J. Drennan  D.A. Kenny  M. McGee 《Livestock Science》2010,127(1):11-21

The relationships of live animal muscular and skeletal scores and ultrasound measurements and carcass conformation and fat scores with carcass composition and value were determined using 74 bulls. The animals consisted of 53 late-maturing breed crosses and 21 Holstein–Friesian slaughtered at 13 to 17 months of age. They were offered concentrates ad-libitum and 1 kg of grass silage dry matter per head daily for the final 139 day finishing period. Live animal muscular and skeletal scores and ultrasonic muscle and fat depth measurements of the M. longissimus dorsi were recorded at 8 to 12 months of age and pre-slaughter. Following slaughter, carcasses were classified for conformation and fatness and the right side of each carcass was dissected into meat, fat and bone. Carcass conformation and fat scores, (scale 1 to 15) ranged from 4.7 to 14.4 and 2.7 to 11.5, respectively. Pre-slaughter muscular scores showed significant positive correlations with kill-out proportion (r = 0.82), carcass meat proportion (r = 0.72), conformation score (r = 0.94), carcass value (r = 0.72), and the proportion of high-value meat cuts in the carcass (r = 0.49), and significant negative correlations with carcass bone (r = − 0.89) and fat (r = − 0.32) proportions. The associations between pre-slaughter muscular scores and proportion of high-value cuts in meat, perinephric plus retroperitoneal fat and fat score were not significant. Corresponding correlations with muscular scores at 8 to 12 months of age were generally lower than those recorded pre-slaughter. Correlations of ultrasound muscle depth with carcass traits showed similar trends but lower values to those obtained using the muscular scoring procedure. Ultrasound fat depth pre-slaughter was positively correlated with carcass fat proportion (r = 0.56) and fat score (r = 0.54), and negatively correlated with carcass meat proportion, proportion of high-value cuts and carcass value. Correlations with other carcass traits were not significant. Correlations of live animal skeletal scores with carcass traits were generally non-significant. A one unit (scale 1–15) increase in carcass conformation score was associated with significant increases in kill-out proportion, meat yield and carcass value of 11.9 g/kg, 11.9 g/kg and 5.8 cent/kg, respectively. Corresponding effects for a one unit change in fat score were − 2.9 g/kg, − 11.1 g/kg and − 4.9 c/kg. In conclusion, live animal muscular scores and ultrasound measurements and carcass conformation and fat scores were shown to be useful predictors of carcass composition and value.  相似文献   

Improved digestion and initial performance of whiteleg shrimp using organic salt supplements          下载免费PDF全文

B.C. Silva  H. Nolasco‐Soria  F. Magallón‐Barajas  R. Civera‐Cerecedo  R. Casillas‐Hernández  W. Seiffert 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2016,22(5):997-1005

Organic acids or their salts are promising feed additives for aquatic animals to improve growth performance. We determined the effect of supplementing diets with sodium salts (formate, acetate, lactate, propionate, butyrate, fumarate, succinate and citrate) on trypsin and chymotrypsin activities, in vitro digestibility and zootechnical performance in the whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Shrimp trypsin and chymotrypsin activity increased in the presence of acetate and propionate and decreased in the presence of lactate and citrate. The highest in vitro protein digestibility of the experimental diets, using shrimp enzymes, was obtained for diets containing fumarate and succinate, which was significantly greater than the control diet (no supplements). In a growth trial, the highest final weights were in shrimp fed diets supplemented with fumarate, succinate, butyrate and propionate, increasing 53%, 46%, 38% and 29%, respectively, compared to the control. Shrimp that were fed diets with fumarate digested more feed and had a feed conversion ratio 23% higher than the control shrimp. Shrimp survival did not differ among treatments. We concluded that organic salts in the diet modify digestive enzymatic activity and in vitro protein digestibility of whiteleg shrimp. Fumarate, succinate, butyrate and propionate have potential as feed additives for L. vannamei.  相似文献   

Chemical evaluation of multimixes formulated from some local staples for use as complementary foods in Nigeria     

Nnam NM 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2000,55(3):255-263

The nutrient composition of eight multimixesformulated for use as complementary foods fromprocessed soybeans, cowpeas, maize, sorghum, yams,cocoyams, plantains and sweet potatoes were examined. The foods were processed by sprouting, cooking andfermentation. The samples were separately dried andmilled to fine flours. A ratio of 65% cereal, 30%legume and 5% starchy staple (65:30:5) calculated ona protein basis was used to formulate the multimixes. The blends were chemically analyzed using standardprocedures. The mixtures containing soybeans hadhigher protein, lipid, energy, crude fiber and calciumlevels but lower carbohydrate content than thosemixtures without soybean. The protein and energylevels of the multimixes were higher than those ofsome commercial infant foods (Cerelac, Farex andNestrum) in Nigeria but were comparable to that of`soy-ogi'. The multimixes contained fair quantitiesof calcium and phosphorus and an adequate amount ofsome of the essential amino acids. Methionine was themost limiting amino acid in all the mixtures. Blending cowpeas with maize produced a higher proteinscore than blending cowpeas or soybeans with sorghum. The cowpea/maize/sweet potato mixture had the highestprotein score.  相似文献