Contamination of shallow groundwater system and soil-plant transfer of trace metals under amended irrigated fields     

Moshood N. Tijani 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(3):437-444

This study focuses on experimental pilot assessment of contamination of shallow groundwater systems and soil-plant transfer of trace metals under amended irrigated fields. The study approach involved a pilot experimental (greenhouse) set-up of organo-mineral amended test plots/troughs (40 cm × 47 cm × 46 cm) planted with two common vegetable crops (Amaranthus hybridus and Abelmoschus esculentus) and irrigated with wastewater. In addition to the geochemical analyses of the primary un-amended and amended soils before planting as well as residual soils after harvesting, measurements of the physico-chemical parameters and chemical analyses of trace metals concentrations in irrigation leachates and harvested vegetable tissues were also undertaken following appropriate standard sample preparation and analytical methods.The results of the geochemical analyses carried out on irrigation leachate samples collected during the sprouting stage revealed that most of the analyzed trace metals in the collected leachates exhibited 2-10 folds depletion (except for Cu and Co with enrichment of about 1.5-3 folds) compared to the initial wastewater used for irrigation. A situation attributed to uptake/bioaccumulation of these metals and selective enrichment in the residual soils as well as to leaching by infiltrating irrigation water. Nonetheless, the observed higher trace elements concentrations in the second sets of leachates collected during harvesting stage compared to the first sets of leachates collected during the sprouting/vegetative stage is an indication of higher plant uptake during sprouting/vegetative stage or initial sorption/complexation of biosolids amendment before later vertical re-mobilization by infiltrating irrigation water.Although, virtually all of the analyzed metals exhibited elevated concentrations (2-173 ppm) in both A. hybridus and A. esculentus, a closer evaluation revealed 1.2-8.2 folds enrichment of Cr, Co, Ni, Cd, Cu, and Pb in A. esculentus compared to that of A. hybridus, an indication of the fact that phyto-accumulation of trace metal is plant-specific and dependent on physiological set-up. The overall evaluation had clearly demonstrated the potential danger of bioaccumulation of toxic trace metals under biosolid amended soils as well as impacts of irrigation-induced leaching on the shallow groundwater quality, while the need to evolve a sustainable agricultural practices is also highlighted.

Capsule

Organo-mineral amendment can lead to trace metal bioaccumulation (in plants) and irrigation-induced leaching to shallow groundwater system.  相似文献   

北京市平原农区深层地下水硝态氮污染状况研究   总被引：37，自引：0，他引：37       下载免费PDF全文

刘宏斌  张云贵  李志宏  张维理  林葆 《土壤学报》2005,42(3):411-418

对北京市平原农区481眼深层井硝态氮含量进行了分析。结果表明,北京市平原农区深层地下水硝态氮(NO-3N)含量平均为5.74mgL-1,其中48.4%的调查机井受到人类活动的影响(NO-3N≥2mgL-1),21.0%的机井超过国际安全允许上限(NO-3N≥10mgL-1),8.1%的机井超过我国饮用水上限(NO-3N≥20mgL-1)。地下水位在120～200m的饮用水质量总体较好,硝态氮平均含量为5.16mgL-1,超标率为13.8%;而地下水位在70～100m的农灌水质量相对较差,硝态氮平均含量为5.98mgL-1,超标率为24.1%。近郊地下水质量劣于远郊,其中近郊饮用水超标率为38.7%,远郊为3.0%;近郊农灌水超标率为52.6%,远郊为15.3%。地下水硝态氮超标区域主要集中在老菜区。总体来看,北京市平原农区地下水硝态氮污染程度已超过欧美国家,必需及早采取有效措施加以控制。  相似文献   

高产农田土壤硝态氮淋失与地下水污染动态研究   总被引：25，自引：5，他引：25       下载免费PDF全文

刘光栋  吴文良 《中国生态农业学报》2003,11(1):91-93

对桓台县区域农田监测研究表明,水肥管理不同的2个监测区域郭家区、李家区高产农田土体内NO_3~--N淋失迁移动态有差异,地下水污染亦不同。春天始土体内NO_3~--N含量趋于持续降低,浅层地下水NO_3~--N含量则持续升高,雨季后地下水中NO_3~--N含量尤剧烈升高,并达年内最高值,表现出农田N肥对地下水的直接污染,这可能与李家区灌溉次数多、土壤质地较轻和地下水位较浅有关。  相似文献   

重金属污染土壤的植物修复技术   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

刘国华  舒洪岚 《江西林业科技》2002,(2):30-31,38

土壤重金属污染有害人类健康，影响环境质量和经济的可持续发展，如何有效的净化污染土壤，维持可持续的对土地的利用已经成为当今世界重要的问题之一，利用植物修复土壤重金属污染，保护环境是当今的热点课题。本文就利用植物对重金属污染土壤的修复原理和土壤重金属污染修复的植物选择技术进行讨论。  相似文献   

南昌市郊蔬菜基地土壤重金属含量及评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱美英  罗运阔  卢志红  赵小敏 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(18):5500-5501

调查分析结果表明,南昌市郊杨子洲乡蔬菜生产基地土壤重金属平均含量分别为Cu 33.86 mg/kg、Zn 111.85 mg/kg、Cd 0.24mg/kg、Pb 52.51 mg/kg、Cr 55.26 mg/kg、Ni 20.24 mg/kg。该区土壤中的6种元素都高于土壤背景值,部分土壤已受到Cd的轻度污染,部分土壤Cu、Zn为警戒级,其他元素为安全级。综合污染指数顺序为:Cd>Cu>Zn>Ni>Cr>Pb。  相似文献   

海口湾东部表层沉积物重金属污染特征及生态风险评价   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘建波  刘洁  陈春华  王道儒  林国尧 《安徽农业科学》2012,40(17):9416-9418,9472

对海口湾东部10个表层沉积物中的重金属元素进行了分析,并运用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法,对重金属的污染程度和潜在生态风险程度进行了评价。研究结果表明,表层沉积物中7种重金属平均含量高低依次为CrZnPbCuAsCdHg;重金属平均污染程度由高到低依次AsCrCdCuPbZnHg,As污染指数最高,属于中污染水平,其余各重金属处于低污染,7种重金属综合污染程度属于低水平;重金属的潜在生态风险大小依次为CdAsHgCuPbCrZn,Cd是主要的潜在生态风险因子,研究区域内重金属总的潜在生态风险程度低。该研究为了解海口湾东部海域重金属的污染现状提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

某锑矿区土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价（英文）     

张伟  葛建团 《农业科学与技术》2015,(3):600-602

为研究某锑矿区土壤质量现状,对锑矿区土壤进行布点取样,分析了Sb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg、Ni、As 9种元素含量,并运用单因子污染指数、内梅罗指数及潜在生态风险指数对土壤重金属污染状况进行了评价。结果表明,采用内梅罗指数法对该锑矿区土壤重金属污染程度进行评价时,各采样点的内梅罗指数均小于0.7,属清洁状态;采用潜在生态风险指数法对该锑矿区土壤重金属污染情况进行潜在生态风险评估时,各采样点综合潜在生态风险指数均小于150,属轻度污染。  相似文献   

Successful analysis of gut contents in fungal-feeding oribatid mites by combining body-surface washing and PCR     

Cecilia Remén  Manuela Krüger 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(11):1952-1957

The feeding habits of soil mesofauna have been a mystery for decades, and depending on the methods used, different degrees of feeding specialisation have been observed. A new way to study the almost unknown feeding habits of soil mesofauna e.g. oribatid mites is to use PCR-based techniques. When applying PCR on these small organisms, the low amount of ingested DNA can cause problems. Even more important is to certify that the amplified DNA does not originate from body-surface contamination. The aim of this study was to analyse if washing of the body surface combined with PCR can be a successful approach when identifying the food ingested by fungivorous mites. The method was developed in a laboratory system where we used the oribatid mite Archegozetes longisetosus as a model organism due to its relatively short life cycle and ease of laboratory culturing. The results demonstrated that surface contamination is a serious problem. Both washing and dissection was needed to remove surface contamination on such small organisms. To get a reliable result the samples also had to contain at least five pooled guts, but preferably ten. This is the first step towards a successful use of PCR-based methods to study natural feeding habits of species most likely contaminated on the body surface. When modified for field conditions, the results obtained by this method have a high potential to answer many questions about the animals feeding habits, and their functional role in the soil.  相似文献   

Isotopic evidence and quantification assessment of in situ RDX biodegradation in the deep unsaturated zone     

S. Sagi-Ben Moshe  O. Dahan  N. Weisbrod  E. Adar 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(8):1253-1262

Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) is an explosive compound whose extensive use has resulted in significant contamination of soils and groundwater worldwide. We studied its in situ biodegradation along the unsaturated zone beneath an explosives wastewater lagoon using compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of RDX in the unsaturated zone, together with biodegradation slurry experiments under anaerobic conditions. We found the highest degradation potential of RDX and its nitroso derivatives in the upper part of the soil profile while in the lower parts, RDX-degradation potential was lower and the nitroso derivatives tended to persist. This was also observed in the field, as reflected by the isotopic composition of RDX along the profile. We also found a correlation between biodegradation potential and clay content: biodegradation was further enhanced in layers characterized by high-clay content or in those influenced by the high-clay layers. In addition, in the presence of high organic matter content, further enhancement of biodegradation was observed. We obtained different isotopic enrichment factors (?) for RDX biodegradation in different sections of the unsaturated profile and suggest that different degradation pathways exist simultaneously in situ, in variable proportions. Using the range of enrichment factors, we were able to assess the biodegradation extent of RDX at different sampling points along the profile, which ranged between 30 and 99.4%. The novel application of CSIA together with slurry experiments provides better insight into degradation processes that are otherwise difficult to detect and assess.  相似文献   

How to maintain improved cultivars     

J. E. Parlevliet 《Euphytica》2007,153(3):353-362

Improved cultivars loose their identity and healthiness unless maintained properly. Contaminating and degrading forces, such as outcrossing, volunteer plants, mixing, natural selection, mutation and seed-borne diseases, are at the root of this. Maintenance selection can prevent this deterioration. How it is carried out depends on the reproduction system of the crop. Crops are therefore classified into four categories; typical cross-pollinating crops, self-pollinating crops with a substantial amount of outcrossing, typical self-pollinating crops with little outcrossing, and the vegetatively reproduced crops. Generally some of the “breeder seed” is used to plant a small plot with spaced plants. A fair number of healthy plants of the cultivar type is selected and the seed is harvested per plant. The progenies of the selected plants are grown in small plots. Non-uniform or deviating plots and plots with a seed-borne disease are removed. The seed of the progenies that are healthy, uniform and similar (and so of the cultivar type) are harvested per progeny to be tested next season on larger plots. The same selection is applied and only the seed of the progenies that are healthy, uniform and similar are harvested together to produce the “breeder seed”. The details of this maintenance selection vary with the reproduction system, the multiplication rate of the crop and the possibilities available to the breeder. Seven crops, potato, common bean, barley, wheat, faba bean, quinoa and maize are discussed here as they represent the different reproduction systems and multiplication rates, while being important Andean food crops.  相似文献