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Wheat yield and quality are dependent largely on nitrogen (N) availability. In this study, we performed the first metabolomic analysis of the response to high-N fertilizer during wheat grain development using non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Quality parameter analyses demonstrated that high-N fertilizer application led to a significant increase in grain protein content and improvement in starch and bread-making quality. Comparative metabolomic profiling of six grain developmental stages resulted in identification of 74 metabolites, including amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids and lipids/alcohol, which are primarily involved in carbon and N metabolism. Under high-N fertilizer treatment, numerous metabolites accumulated significantly during grain development. Principal component analysis revealed two principal components as being responsible for the variances resulting from N-fertilizer treatments. Metabolite–metabolite correlation analysis demonstrated that the high-N treatment group had a greater number of positive correlations among metabolites, suggesting that high-N fertilizer treatment induced a concerted metabolic change that resulted in improved grain development. Particularly, the high-N treatment-mediated significant accumulation of metabolites involved in the TCA cycle, starch and storage protein synthesis could be responsible for the improvement of grain yield and quality. Our results provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of wheat grain development and yield and quality. 相似文献
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The effect of phytohormones on the defense response of wheat against Fusarium graminearum infection was investigated. Infection of heads with F. graminearum induced accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and indole acetic acid (IAA). Exogenous phytohormone treatments showed crosstalk between them and a complex effect on expression of the genes ATB2, ExpB6, LEA Td16, PR1, Pdf1.2, PR4. JA treatment reduced F. graminearum growth and fusarium head blight (FHB) symptoms while an increase in FHB was observed with ABA. Transient down-regulation of allene oxide synthase (AOS) supports a complex role for JA in wheat head. 相似文献
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利用透射电镜观察新疆特早熟陆地棉新陆早36号纤维发育过程中的超微结构变化。在10 DPA纤维细胞初生壁形成期,液泡占据纤维细胞中央,细胞质中有大量的线粒体、内质网、高尔基体等细胞器,初生壁较薄且厚度均匀;在20 DPA时,纤维在初生壁内已明显有一层薄薄的次生壁的形成,细胞质中细胞器部分解体;随后次生壁增厚速度逐步加快,在30 DPA到40 DPA之间,纤维平均增厚速度约为每天0.139 m,在40 DPA到50 DPA之间,纤维平均增厚速度约为每天0.47 m。纤维细胞次生壁向内层逐步层层加厚,形成“日生长轮”。随着纤维细胞的脱水成熟,纤维细胞次生壁增厚使纤维中腔只剩下一条窄缝。观察结果表明,虽然特早熟陆地棉发育进程快,开花早,但纤维细胞的发育进程与所报道的其它棉花品种具有相似性。 相似文献
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We evaluated the effect of differently enriched rotifers on the early growth, survival and lipid composition of Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua). The enrichments tested were: (i) AlgaMac 2000®; (ii) AquaGrow® Advantage; and (iii) a combination of Pavlova sp. paste and AlgaMac 2000®. Larvae from treatment 3 [1.50 ± 0.11 mg dry weight (dw) and 7.10 ± 0.14 dw specific growth rate (SGR)] were heavier (P = 0.006) and grew faster (P = 0.004) than larvae from treatment 2 (1.03 ± 0.04 mg dw and 6.29 ± 0.04 dw SGR). No significant differences were found in the final weight and SGR among larvae from treatment 1 (1.21 ± 0.07 mg dw and 6.58 ± 0.20 dw SGR) and larvae from treatments 2 and 3. The treatment 3 also resulted in the best survival at the end of the experimental period, estimated to be 3 on a scale from 1 to 5, whereas the survival estimates for the two other groups were 1–2. Larvae from the treatment 3 reached 37 days posthatch with levels of ω6DPA 32‐fold higher than newly hatched larvae. Differences in the larval enrichment of ω6DPA may explain the differences in growth and survival of the Atlantic cod larvae. 相似文献
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正常公母犬四肢长骨间骨量相互关系的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
用双光子吸收法 (DPA)测定 81只健康大型犬 (其中公犬 45只 ,母犬 36只 )远端桡尺骨、肱骨、胫骨及股骨的骨矿含量 (BMC)和骨密度 (BMD)。结果表明 ,公犬各骨骼间BMC和BMD相关系数 (r)分别平均为 0 90和 0 71,估计标准误 (SEE)分别平均为 11 32 %和 10 67% ;母犬r分别平均为 0 89和 0 59,SEE分别平均为 11 32 %和 10 67%。公犬肱骨和母犬股骨相关性高 ,预测性好 ,尤其两者对胫骨预测性更好 (公犬BMC ,r =0 91,SEE =9 67% ;BMD ,r =0 76 ,SEE =8 67% ;母犬BMC ,r =0 91,SEE =7 69% ;BMD ,r =0 70 ,SEE =6 90 % )。 相似文献
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西洋参果实中发芽抑制物质——二苯胺的分离鉴定 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用纸层析（PC）、薄层层析（TLC）和质谱（MS）方法，首次从西洋参（Panax quinquefolium Linne)果实中提取、分离并鉴定出发芽抑制物质－二苯胺。以白菜（Brassica chinensis Linne)种子为指示植物，测定出二苯胺对其胚根生长抑制率达到50％时的浓度（中等抑制浓度－IC50）为74．13μg/mL.同时，改进了传统的将PC纸和TLC板分为十等份的抑制物质分离方法。 相似文献
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1-MCP和DPA对砀山酥梨黑皮病的抑制效果 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
【目的】探讨1-MCP和DPA对砀山酥梨黑皮病的抑制效果及其可能的机理,为梨的黑皮病控制提供技术参考和理论依据。【方法】以砀山酥梨为材料,在果实冷藏(2±0.5℃)前,分别采用1000μL.L-1、2000μL.L-1的DPA溶液浸泡1min和0.5μL.L-1的l-MCP气体处理12h,定期对果实部分采后生理指标进行测定,并在贮藏末期对其黑皮病发病情况进行观察统计。【结果】1000μL.L-1、2000μL.L-1的DPA溶液和0.5μL.L-11-MCP处理,显著地抑制了果皮α-法尼烯、共轭三烯、总酚、MDA的含量、细胞膜透性的增加和PPO活性的升高,并极其显著地抑制了果实在贮藏期黑皮病的发生,延迟了其在货架期的发病。【结论】采后适宜浓度的1-MCP和DPA处理,均能显著地抑制和延缓砀山酥梨冷藏期和货架期黑皮病的发生,但二者的作用机理可能不同。 相似文献