铺散诸葛菜的组织培养及植株再生     

吴俊  祁星华  王轶  罗勤  王茂华  杨毅  李旭锋  谭仲明 《园艺学报》2004,31(5):679-681

 以铺散诸葛菜的叶柄及叶片为外植体, 研究了不同的再生方式。在6-BA 和NAA 配合使用的MS 培养基上, 叶柄和叶片外植体有高的成芽率, 具有强的器官再生能力。在2,4-D 与6-BA、NAA 结合的培养基上, 叶柄和叶片有较高的愈伤组织诱导率, 在含6-BA 的培养基上也易于分化。叶柄、叶片再生的芽和经愈伤组织分化而得来的芽快速繁殖后, 在生根培养基上形成完整植株。研究表明铺散诸葛菜具有极强的器官分化能力。  相似文献   

Rhizosphere calcareous soil P-extraction at the expense of organic carbon from root-exuded organic acids induced by phosphorus deficiency in several plant species     

Kuan Zhao 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(5):640-650

The amount of organic acids in root exudates rapidly increases under phosphorus (P) deficiency. Loss of carbon from root-exuded organic acids, which are derived from plant net photosynthetic products, is generally considered negligible. The present study aimed to study the characteristics of root-exuded organic acids, extraction of phosphorus (P extraction) in calcareous soil and the expression of organic carbon from root-exuded organic acids in two woody Moraceae plants (Broussonetia papyrifera L. Vent and Morus alba L.) and two herbaceous cruciferous plants (Orychophragmus violaceus L. Schulz and Brassica napus L.) under two P levels (P-normal and P-deficient). P extraction and the amount of root-exuded organic acids simultaneously and disproportionately increased in the four plant species tested under P deficiency. The maximum P-extracting capability of the four plant species was observed after 40 days of treatment. Additionally, the response of root-exuded organic acids induced by P deficiency was species-specific. B. papyrifera extracted more P in calcareous soil, and expended less organic acid for the same P-extraction than M. alba. Similarly, O. violaceus extracted more P in calcareous soil, and consumed less organic acid for the same level of P-extraction than B. napus. Root-exuded oxalic and malic acids accounted for most of the increment of P extraction in woody Moraceae plants, while root-exuded citric acid accounted for most of the increment in P extraction in herbaceous cruciferous plants. B. papyrifera and O. violaceus exhibited the strongest P-extracting capability at lower expense of organic carbon over the treatment duration in the four plant species. O. violaceus had the most rapid response of root-exuded organic acids to P deficiency, while B. napus had the slowest response. Thus, rapid response with low organic carbon cost and high efficiency of extraction on P in calcareous soil may underlie the strong adaptability of B. papyrifera and O. violaceus to a Karst environment.  相似文献   

二月兰访花昆虫种类及其访花行为1）     

胡海桃  陈娟  陈瑞旭  凌梦沁  陈梦义  郝德君 《东北林业大学学报》2014,(11)

为了解南京地区早春植物二月兰（ Orychophragmus violaceus）的访花昆虫种类及其行为特点,采用捕捉、鉴定、视频、图像采集等方法,对二月兰访花昆虫的种类、访花行为进行了调查研究。结果表明：二月兰的访花昆虫有23种,分别隶属5目、13科,其中东方蜜蜂（ Apis cerana）、黄胸木蜂（ Xly ocopa appendiculata）、长木蜂（ Biluna tranquabarorum）、赤足木蜂（Xylocopa rufipes）、黑颚条蜂（Anthophora mle anognatha）、黑带食蚜蝇（Episyrphus baltea-tus）及暗脉菜粉蝶（ Piersi naip ）为主要访花昆虫;它们的日活动规律分为单峰型和双峰型2种;黑颚条蜂弹花频率最高,东方蜜蜂的弹花频率最低;黄胸木蜂、长木蜂以及赤足木蜂在开花盛期的弹花频率高于开花末期,东方蜜蜂和黑颚条蜂在开花末期的弹花频率高于开花盛期;黑颚条蜂的每花停留时间最短,东方蜜蜂的停留时间最长。  相似文献   

Cytogenetics and morphology of the pentaploid hybrid between Brassica napus and Orychophragmus violaceus and its progeny   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. G. Wu    Z. Li    Y. Liu    H. L. Liu  T. D. Fu 《Plant Breeding》1997,116(3):251-257

A pentaploid hybrid plant (2n= 50, AACCO) between Brassica napus (AACC) and Orychophragmus violaceus (OO) showed matroclinous morphology and some patroclinous characters. Cloned progenies were mixoploid, consisting of various cells with 38–53 chromosomes, half of the cells with 50 chromosomes. The 50 chromosomes were mainly paired as 25 bivalents and segregated as 25:25 or 22:28; many other segregations were observed in some cells. Progenies produced by selfing had 38–47 chromosomes. Plants with 38 chromosomes were cytologically stable; in all other plants the chromosome number of individual cells varied between the genotype-specific maximum number and 38, indicating loss of chromosomes during mitosis. The mixoploid plants with 44 chromosomes mainly produced two kinds of mixoploid progenies with 44 and 41 chromosomes, respectively. All plants with 2n= 38 had the same morphology as the parental B. napus and were normal in fertility. These chromosome pairings and segregations in the pentaploid and its progeny support the hypothesis that O. violaceus is a natural polyploid species with a basic chromosome number of 3.  相似文献   

Preliminary Studies on the Intergeneric Hybridization Between Brassica napus with OguCMS and Orychophragmus violaceus     

WU Jun  LI Xu-feng  QIN Jin-hong  LI Lin  WU Shu-hui  TANG Ke-Xuan 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2004,3(4)

In the cross between B. napus with OguCMS x Orychophragmus violaceus, pre-fertilizationcompatibility was observed. An intergeneric hybrid was successfully obtained by usingovary culture. The hybrid status was confirmed by cytology, morphology, fertility,isozyme and miosis analysis. The seed setting rate was 0.0072%. An amphidiploid of thehybrid was also produced by the use of chromosome-doubling method with 0.1% colchicinestreatment. Obtaining this hybrid and its amphidiploid has important theoretical andutilization value.  相似文献   

抗除草剂转基因油菜向杂草诸葛菜的潜在基因漂移   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

宋小玲  强胜 《安徽农业科学》2003,31(4):526-529

以抗除草剂草甘膦和草丁膦转基因油菜为父本 ,诸葛菜为母本 ,在人工授粉条件下研究抗性基因向诸葛菜的潜在基因漂移。采用荧光显微镜观察转基因油菜花粉在诸葛菜柱头上的萌发生长情况 ,并与诸葛菜自花授粉的情况进行比较。结果显示 2种转基因油菜花粉在诸葛菜柱头上的萌发生长情况类似。花粉粘合的数量比自交时显著减少 ,出现粘合延迟现象 ;花粉在柱头上不能正常萌发生长 ,有的呈现明显的畸形 ,花粉管不能穿过乳突细胞 ,更不能进入花柱和胚囊发生受精 ,这些结果表明两者的亲和性较差。授转基因油菜的花粉后诸葛菜不能结实也进一步证明了两者的亲和性较差。上述结果表明抗除草剂转基因油菜的抗性基因向诸葛菜漂移的可能性较小。  相似文献   

水肥调控对二月兰和后茬花生养分累积及土壤肥力的影响     

赵彩衣  王媛媛  殷小冬  董青君  朱国梁  刘满强  李辉信  胡锋  焦加国 《土壤》2020,52(6):1144-1151

摘 要：田间试验条件下，研究不同水肥处理对二月兰生长，及其翻压后后茬花生产量和养分累积的变化。结果表明，灌溉和施肥可显著促进二月兰生长。在绿肥季，不论施肥与否，灌溉处理均可显著提高二月兰的生物量和N、P、K养分含量， NPW（绿肥季施氮磷肥和灌溉）和CKW处理（绿肥季不施肥，只进行灌溉处理）的二月兰生物量和N、P、K养分含量分别比相应的未灌溉处理提高了66.47%和63.97%、76.95%和32.36%、88.31%和9.80%、21.71%和15.56%。二月兰翻压的养分还田量为91.04～260.23 kg/hm2，约占花生季化肥总养分的27.59%～78.86%。与冬闲处理（CF）相比，不同施肥和灌溉处理的绿肥翻压均促进了花生产量和养分累积，及土壤养分含量的提高，其中以EN处理的提升效果最明显。周年等养分条件下，花生季35.00%氮和/或42.86%磷肥料前移至绿肥季，可明显促进绿肥养分还田量的增加，后茬花生产量不同程度增加（增幅22.82%～41.18%）。综上，在适量灌溉和施肥条件下，二月兰生物量明显增加，进而促进后茬花生产量增加及养分累积。研究结果可为我国绿肥农田应用及化肥减施提供数据支撑和实践依据。  相似文献   

Pathogenicity ofseed-borne fungi of Orychophragmus violaceus     

Bo-wen XIAO  Wei FENG  Ting-yu DUAN 《草业学报》2008,29(12):121

  相似文献   

重金属及盐碱对二月兰生长和生理生化的影响(英文)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张小艾  汪志辉  张新全  李名扬  左静 《农业科学与技术》2012,(7):1478-1483,1508

[目的]研究重金属及盐碱对二月兰生长和生理生化的影响。[方法]以二月兰为材料,以不加Pb、Cd和盐碱为对照,研究在不同浓度的盐碱和重金属胁迫下(轻度、中度、重度、Pb、Pb+Cd、轻度+Pb、中度+Pb、重度+Pb、轻度+Pb+Cd、中度+Pb+Cd、重度+Pb+Cd),二月兰生长和生理生化特性。[结果]轻度盐碱胁迫处理对二月兰叶片和根系细胞膜透性影响很小,叶片和根系的MDA含量分别比对照下降25.6%、9.0%;500mg/LPb单一胁迫处理对二月兰叶片光合色素的合成具有一定的促进作用,叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量分别比对照增加0.86%、0.69%、6.25%,但Pb+Cd复合胁迫处理对二月兰叶片光合色素的合成具有一定的破坏作用,其中类胡萝卜素对胁迫处理更敏感;盐碱胁迫和盐碱与Pb、Cd复合胁迫中,叶片和根系的POD活性、SOD活性、可溶性糖和Pro含量均呈现逐渐上升趋势,且根系中POD活性和SOD活性均显著高于叶片。[结论]二月兰能耐轻度盐碱及Pb(500mg/L)的复合胁迫。  相似文献   

诸葛菜的研究现状与开发应用前景   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马密霞  梅燕 《安徽农业科学》2012,40(9):5109-5111,5113

介绍了诸葛菜的农艺性状、植株营养成分含量、种子含油量等特点以及诸葛菜杂交、转基因方面的研究和在绿化环境中的应用,并概述了诸葛菜的研究现状及其开发利用前景。  相似文献