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Andrew Y. Li Felix D. Guerrero John H. Pruett 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2007,87(2):147-155
Resistance to insecticides remains a major problem for the successful control of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.), one of the most important pests of cattle in many countries including the United States. The organophosphate (OP) insecticide diazinon has been used to control pyrethroid-resistant populations of the horn fly. There are only a few reported cases of horn fly resistance to diazinon in the United States and Mexico. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) has been used successfully as a synergist of pyrethroid insecticides to control horn flies. PBO-synergized diazinon products are also available for horn fly control in the United States, although PBO is known to inhibit the bio-activation of certain OP insecticides including diazinon. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of PBO on diazinon toxicity to horn flies using a filter paper bioassay technique. These bioassays in both the susceptible and diazinon-resistant horn fly strains revealed a biphasic effect of PBO on diazinon toxicity to horn flies. PBO inhibited diazinon toxicity when the PBO concentration used was high (5%), and no effect was observed when PBO concentration was intermediate (2%). However, at low concentrations (1% and lower), PBO significantly synergized diazinon toxicity. We demonstrated that enhanced esterase activity was associated with survivability of horn flies exposed to diazinon alone. PBO has been shown to inhibit esterase activity in other insect species. However, results of biochemical assays with esterases from this study suggest that PBO did not have significant effect on the overall esterase activity in the horn fly. The observed synergistic effect of PBO at lower concentrations on diazinon toxicity to horn flies could not be explained by reduced esterase activity due to PBO inhibition. It is likely that PBO synergized diazinon toxicity at lower concentrations by facilitating penetration of diazinon through the cuticle and/or inhibiting the oxidative detoxification of diazinon, and reduced diazinon toxicity at high PBO concentration by inhibiting the bio-activation of diazinon. 相似文献
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[目的]探讨微量元素叶面肥PBO在杏树上的增产效果。[方法]2004～2007年于杏树花前1周、新梢长出7～8片叶、6月初、7月中旬各喷施1次150～300倍液的PBO,喷洒清水为对照。[结果]与不喷施PBO对照比较,喷施4次PBO的杏树,4年平均短果枝率比对照提高25.1个百分点,成花率提高34.4个百分点,坐果率提高21.0个百分点,单果重提高18.8 g,优质果率提高15.9个百分点;4年平均每株产量提高7.86 kg,平均每公顷产量提高12 900 kg,增产260.8%,增产效果显著。[结论]杏树喷施PBO可抑制新梢的旺长,增加贮藏营养积累,增强保水力,提高短果枝率比例,促进花芽分化和形成,提高成花率、坐果率和单果重,是取代环剥、扭梢和多效唑的有效途径。 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Spodoptera litura (F.) is an important pest worldwide, with over 112 host plants, and is exposed to insecticides throughout the year, resulting in the rapid development of resistance. Insecticide mixtures can delay the development of resistance more effectively than sequences or rotations. Cypermethrin, deltamethrin, profenofos, chlorpyrifos and fipronil were assessed separately and in mixtures against laboratory susceptible S. litura and two field‐collected populations. RESULTS: The field‐collected population from Khanewal (KWL) was significantly more resistant to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos and profenofos than one collected from Muzaffar Garh (MGH). Mixtures of cypermethrin + chlorpyrifos or profenofos and of deltamethrin + chlorpyrifos or profenofos at 1:1, 1:10 and 1:20 ratios significantly increased (P < 0.01) toxicity to cypermethrin and deltamethrin in field populations. The combination indices of cypermethrin + chlorpyrifos at 1:1 and 1:10 ratios and cypermethrin + fipronil at 1:1, 1:10 and 1:20 ratios for the KWL strain and of cypermethrin + profenofos or fipronil at 1:1, 1:10 and 1:20 ratios for MGH were significantly below 1, suggesting synergistic interactions. The inhibitors DEF and PBO largely overcame resistance to deltamethrin, cypermethrin and profenofos, suggesting that resistance to the insecticides was associated with esterase and monooxygenase detoxification respectively. CONCLUSION: Chlorpyrifos, profenofos and fipronil could be used in mixtures to restore cypermethrin and deltamethrin susceptibility. These findings may have considerable practical implications for S. litura resistance management. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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PBO对苹果幼树生长、叶片品质及成花的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】研究PBO喷施处理对苹果幼树生长、叶片品质相关指标及芽萌发和成花的影响。【方法】以5年生苹果品种"长富2号"(以下简称"富士")和"富红早嘎"(以下简称"嘎啦")为试材,在4、5、6月的10号喷施6 667mg/L PBO溶液3次,喷施量(按溶液质量计)为2.5kg/(株.次),以喷施清水为对照,测量统计幼树生长、叶片品质和成花相关指标。【结果】(1)经PBO喷施处理后"富士"、"嘎啦"幼树株高、冠径的年生长量均受到显著抑制,而茎粗的年生长量却显著增加;PBO对"富士"、"嘎啦"主枝的延长生长有显著抑制作用,也显著抑制了"富士"幼树主枝的加粗生长,但对"嘎啦"主枝加粗生长的抑制作用不显著;PBO喷施处理对"富士"新梢生长有显著的抑制作用,而"嘎拉"由于新梢生长停滞较早受其影响很小。(2)经PBO喷施处理后"富士"幼树叶片百叶鲜质量在7～10月份、百叶干质量在7～8月份均显著大于对照,而"嘎啦"百叶鲜、干质量在6～9月份有相同的结果;无论"富士"还是"嘎啦",PBO喷施处理后,幼树叶片的百叶面积在5～10月份均显著小于对照,但比叶重均显著大于对照(除"富士"6月份外)。(3)喷施PBO能在一定程度上提高"富士"、"嘎啦"幼树上、中、下部枝条的萌芽率和成花率。【结论】苹果幼树的生长及叶片品质状况与幼树芽的分化形成有密切关系,喷施PBO(6 667mg/L)显著抑制了苹果幼树的营养生长,改善了叶片品质,使幼树的生长发育朝着有利于芽分化形成的方向发展,最终有效促进了"富士"、"嘎啦"苹果幼树花芽的形成。 相似文献
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DA-6、PBO、6-BA叶面喷施对薄壳山核桃树体发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本研究通过对薄壳山核桃品种‘马罕’2年生幼树进行不同浓度的DA-6、PBO、6-BA叶面喷施,研究它们对薄壳山核桃树体生长的影响,找出适合薄壳山核桃生长的叶面喷施肥及浓度。研究结果表明：DA-6和6-BA不同浓度叶面喷施均提高了枝条的长度和粗度,促进薄壳山核桃形成健壮长枝条,PBO不同浓度叶面喷施降低了枝条长度,增大了枝条粗度,促进薄壳山核桃形成短粗枝条。三种生长调节剂不同浓度叶面喷施后均提高了叶片的叶绿素含量和比叶重,有利于叶片的光合同化,同时也均提高了枝条的碳氮比。 相似文献
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为解决北方地区室内水养水仙过程中,因植株细弱、易倒伏等降低花卉品质等问题,采用不同浓度多效唑、B9和PBO溶液浸泡处理水仙球.结果表明:多效唑和B9能够使水仙的叶片和花葶高度得到有效控制,花径增大,使始花期推迟,延长了花期,提高了开花品质;PBO对水仙的矮化作用不明显. 相似文献
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以PBO 1 000倍、2 000倍、4 000倍、10 000倍在酥梨花序分离期、初花期进行试验。结果表明:PBO在砀山酥梨上应用适宜时期为初花期,适宜使用浓度为3 000～4 000倍。 相似文献